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A traveler who arrives to a new region with only a satchel (or carpetbag) of possessions, and who attempts to gain control over his new surroundings, often against the will of the original inhabitants

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A derogatory term used to describe white southerners that supported Reconstruction following the American Civil War. Scalawags worked together with the Freedmen and carpetbaggers to take control of the government.

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Largely former slave owners who were the bitterest opponents of the Republican program in the South. Staged a major counterrevolution to "redeem" the south by taking back southern state governments. Their foundation rested on the idea of racism & white supremacy. Redeemer governments waged & aggressive assault on African Americans.

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A system of agriculture where a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crop produced on land.

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ended the reconstruction era, set things straight with the 1876 election & pulled federal troops out of state politics

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Passed in 1870 & 1871. Also known as the KKK Acts. Prohibited the states from discriminating against voters on the basis of race & gave the federal government the power to supersede the state courts & prosecute violations of the law. It was the first time the federal government had ever claimed the power to prosecute crimes by individuals under federal law. In October of 1871, Grant used this to declare a state of lawlessness in nine counties in South Carolina & sent federal troops to occupy the area. They were seldom used as severely as in South Carolina, but were effective in the efforts by blacks & northerners to weaken the Klan. By 1872 violence was in decline.

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racist, anti-Semitic committed to extreme violence to achieve its goals of racial segregation &  white supremacy.

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called for the dissolution of Johnson's state governments, the establishment of new governments that did not have "rebels" in power, and the guarantee of the right to vote for the black men

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the Congressional act of 1867 which swept away white state governments in the South and replaced them with five military districts commanded by Union generals

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Congressional Reconstruction Act of 1867

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Congressional Reconstruction Act of 1867

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the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and reintegrated into the Union

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Passed by Congress on 9th April 1866 over the veto of President Andrew Johnson. The act declared that all persons born in the United States were now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition.

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An act that restricts the ability for the president to fire other government office.

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1868. Andrew Johnson was impeached as a result of this.
Political conflict and a rupture of ideologies in the aftermath of the Civil War.

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If a former Confederate state wrote a new state constitution, elected new government, repealed its act of secession, canceled its war debts, and ratified the 13th amendment it could rejoin the Union

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Lincoln's blueprint for Reconstruction included the Ten-Percent Plan, which specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters (from the voter rolls for the election of 1860) swore an oath of allegiance to the Union.

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An agency created by the government that helped and protected newly freed african americans find jobs, homes, education, and a better life

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The Thirteenth Amendment made slavery illegal (abolished slavery).

The Fourteenth Amendment
The Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed basic rights and citizenship to African Americans.

The Fifteenth Amendment
The Fifteenth Amendment gave the right to
vote to African American men.

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A faction of the democratic party formed after the death of Stephen Douglas. A vocal group of Democrats in the Northern United States who opposed the American Civil War, wanting an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates

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A court order commanding someone with a person in custody to produce that person before the court & show why the person is being held.

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Declared all slaves in confederate territory free. This did not free many slaves because they land was under confederate control so the union had trouble freeing them. The plantations were usually located far away from the union. This law also said that that northern slaves were not free. Lincoln didn't want to free all salves because he thought he didn't have the constitutional power to do so. This weakened the south & made the civil war into a war of liberation.

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Large battle in the American Civil War took place in southern Pennsylvania from July 1 to July 3, 1863. The battle is named after the town on the battlefield. Union General George G. Meade led an army of about 90,000 men to victory against General Robert E. Lee's Confederate army of about 75,000. Gettysburg is the war's most famous battle because of its large size, high cost in lives, location in a northern state, & for President Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address.

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Civil War battle in which the North succeeded in halting Lee's Confederate forces in Maryland. Was the bloodiest battle of the war resulting in 25,000 casualties

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Site of the opening engagement of the Civil War. On December 20, 1860, South Carolina had seceded from the Union, & had demanded that all federal property in the state be surrendered to state authorities. Major Robert Anderson concentrated his units at Fort Sumter & when Lincoln took office on March 4, 1861, Sumter was one of only two forts in the South still under Union control. Learning that Lincoln planned to send supplies to reinforce the fort, on April 11, 1861, Confederate General Beauregard demanded Anderson's surrender which was refused on April 12, 1861 the Confederate Army began bombarding the fort, which surrendered on April 14, 1861. Congress declared war on the Confederacy the next day.

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The withdrawal of eleven southern states from the Union in 1860 which precipitated the American Civil War.

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Republican - Abraham Lincoln. Democrat - Stephan A. Douglas, John C. Breckinridge. Constitutional Union - John Bell. Issues were slavery in the territories (Lincoln opposed adding any new slave states).

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U.S arsenal seized by John Brown in his daring raid, eventually the arsenal was retaken and Brown was hanged

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In 1859, the militant abolitionist seized the U.S. arsenal at Harper's Ferry. He planned to end slavery by massacring slave owners & freeing their slaves. He was captured & executed, led the Pottawatomie Massacre

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A series of seven debates. The two argued the important issues of the day like popular sovereignty, the Lecompton Constitution and the Dred Scott decision. Douglas won these debates, but Lincoln's position in these debates helped him beat Douglas in the 1860 presidential election.

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A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S, Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.

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1856-Charles Sumner gave a 2 day speech on the Senate floor. He denounced the South for crimes against Kansas & singled out Senator Andrew Brooks of South Carolina for extra abuse. Brooks beat Sumner over the head with his cane, severely crippling him.

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1854-Anti-slavery Whigs and Democrats, Free Soilers & reformers from the Northwest met & formed party in order to keep slavery out of the territories.

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A sequence of violent events involving abolitionists and pro-Slavery elements that took place in Kansas Territory where new proslavery and antislavery constitutions competed.The dispute further strained the relations of the North and South, making civil war imminent.

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Nebraska was turned into Kansas & Nebraska.

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A novel published by harriet beecher stowe in 1852 which portrayed slavery as brutal & immoral

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A network of abolitionists that secretly helped slaves escape to freedom by setting up hiding places and routes to the North. Harriet Tubman is a key person to its success.

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A law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal & required their return to slaveholders; part of the Compromise of 1850.

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A moderate, who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act in 1854 & popularized the idea of popular sovereignty.

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"A set of laws, passed in the midst of fierce wrangling between groups favoring slavery & groups opposing it, that attempted to give something to both sides. The compromise admitted California to the United States as a "free" (no slavery) state but allowed some newly acquired territories to decide on slavery for themselves. Part of the Compromise included the Fugitive Slave Act, which proved highly unpopular in the North. Senator Henry Clay was a force behind the passage of the compromise."