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ELLs are learning a new language while simultaneously, learning new curriculum. It can be very overwhelming.

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Opportunities need to be also given to students to practice their oral and written skills to assist with development of language skills.

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Teachers needs to be aware of what they are saying to their students and how they are saying it, as it needs to be communicated in a way where the ELL will understand.

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In order to discover a students learning strengths, it is much more than a student's reading level or language level , but about prior academic experiences (or lack thereof), cultural and religious traditions, hobbies, personality, family circumstances, and background about the student's home community or native country that can inform their instructional decisions and strengths/weaknesses in the classroom.

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An ELL student's fluency on the language is every changing, as is their strengths and needs. ELL students need constant assessment strategies embedded in their learning to assess this.

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Advocacy in the classroom using culturally relevant materials increases students engagement and academic achievement.

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Giving students multiple opportunities to demonstrate their learning using multiple modes of assessment (oral, writing, reading, etc)

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Receive input from students frequently about what makes them more interested to learn (group work, individual work, reading, copying notes, hands-on instruction, use of tablets).

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Creating an equitable, supportive, positive classroom environment that makes students excited to learn. For example, using visual/word walls, giving students time to think before sharing), etc.

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Be specific in your praise. Write it down in their written assessments and tell them in the moment when they are saying it in a group setting.

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Use conferences to your advantage - take the opportunity to chat with your students one-on-one and go over their assessments as well as how they felt about it. Discuss what you think they did very well and what areas they can improve.

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Work on encouraging ELLs to integrate into the greater school community. Make sure the English learners have a chance to share their talents and knowledge as well.

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Use portfolios as a well to give students something physical that they can bring on to their next steps: something that they can look over and will remind them about their strengths and their areas of need so that they can reference it later.

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ELL voices in the classroom
http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/literacynumeracy/inspire/research/ELL_Voices09.pdf

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10 things you need to learn about your English Language Learners https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/for-educators/empathy/10-things-you-need-to-know-about-your-english-language-learners

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What teachers should know about instruction to ELLs
https://www.understood.org/en/school-learning/for-educators/empathy/10-things-you-need-to-know-about-your-english-language-learners

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Supporting English Language Learners: A practical guide
http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/document/manyroots/ell_lps.pdf