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This letter is a letter from William Dune to his Nephew John Curtis in America explaining how there is no food left in Ireland and there's no jobs left for him. This letter explains why the Irish were immigrating to America, for a better way of living. It also shows what the Irish that lived in Ireland experienced during these times because of the multiple potato famines that happened during this time period which killed millions of people, left people homeless and left even more sick.

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This is a news paper showing how the leaders of companies didn't care about the workers or their work condition and all they cared about was their money. The Long Strike of 1875 was caused because of workers in a Pennsylvania coal mine going on strike for better work conditions and better pay which caused an influence across America mainly in Irish immigrants.

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This song is about the Irish immigration to America and makes many references that the Irish immigrants would know including the famine, tenant farmers, the Irish soldiers in the British Empire and more. Some of the song doesn't make sense though and some of the lyrics were mainly for rhymes.The push factor is the raised taxes that force immigrates to move for work.

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"Poor Pat Must Emigrate"

A.W. Auner of Philadelphia was among the most prolific printers of "broadside ballads," cheaply-produced topical songs and poems that were widely available throughout the nineteenth century. "Poor Pat Must Emigrate," published by Auner sometime in mid-century, chronicles the plight of the by-then-familiar figure of the Irish immigrant. The song makes a number of references to events in Ireland that Irish immigrants would be familiar with, mentioning the famine "in forty-eight," the exploitation of tenant farmers by landlords, the heroics of Irish soldiers in service of the British Empire, and the ultimately unsuccessful struggle of "the liberator" Daniel O'Connell. However, the presence of some confusion about Irish geography (most Irish emigrants departed from Cork or Liverpool, not Dublin) as well as other references that seemingly only provide convenient rhymes (there was no Irish "St. Ruth") suggests that the song was not written by an Irishman but perhaps by Auner himself.

Fare you well poor Erin's Isle, I now must leave you for awhile;
The rents and taxes are so high I can no longer stay.
From Dublin's quay I sailed away and landed here but yesterday;
Me shoes, and breeches and shirts now are all that's in my kit
I have dropped in to tell you now the sights I have seen before I go,
Of the ups and downs in Ireland since the year of ninety-eight;
But if that Nation had its own, her noble sons might stay at home,
But since fortune has it otherwise, poor Pat must emigrate.

The divil a word I would say at all, although our wages are but small,
If they left us in our cabins, where our fathers drew their breath,
When they call upon rent-day, and the divil a cent you have to pay.
They will drive you from your house and home, to beg and starve to death
What kind of treatment, boys, is that, to give an honest Irish Pat?
To drive his family to the road to beg or starve for meat;
But I stood up with heart and hand, and sold my little spot of land;
That is the reason why I left and had to emigrate.

Such sights as that I've often seen, but I saw worse in Skibbareen,
In forty-eight (that time is no more when famine it was great,
I saw fathers, boys, and girls with rosy cheeks and silken curls
All a-missing and starving for a mouthful of food to eat.
When they died in Skibbareen, no shroud or coffins were to be seen;
But patiently reconciling themselves to their horrid fate,
They were thrown in graves by wholesale which cause many an Irish heart to wail
And caused many a boy and girl to be most glad to emigrate.

Where is the nation or the land that reared such men as Paddy's land?
Where is the man more noble than he they call poor Irish Pat?
We have fought for England's Queen and beat her foes wherever seen;
We have taken the town of Delhi if you please come tell me that,
We have pursued the Indian chief, and Nenah Sahib, that cursed thief,
Who skivered babes and mothers, and left them in their gore.
But why should we be so oppressed in the land of St. Patrick blessed.
The land from which we have the best, poor Paddy must emigrate.

There is not a son from Paddy's land but respects the memory of Dan,
Who fought and struggled hard to part the poor and plundered country
He advocated Ireland's rights, with all his strength and might,
And was but poorly recompensed for all his toil and pains.
He told us to be in no haste, and in him for to place our trust,
And he would not desert us, or leave us to our fate,
But death to him no favor showed, from the beggar to the throne;
Since they took our liberator poor Pat must emigrate.

With spirits bright and purses light, my boys we can no longer stay,
For the shamrock is immediately bound for America,
For there is bread and work, which I cannot get in Donegal,
I told the truth, by great St. Ruth, believe me what I say,
Good-night my boys, with hand and heart, all you who take Ireland's part,
I can no longer stay at home, for fear of being too late,
If ever again I see this land, I hope it will be with a Fenian band;
So God be with old Ireland, poor Pat must emigrate.

Source | "Poor Pat Must Emigrate," lyrics, (Philadelphia: A.W. Auner), available from the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Poor Pat Must Emigrate: 19th Century Irish Immigration, http://www.hsp.org/default.aspx?id=452.
Item Type | Music/Song

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"Poor Pat Must Emigrate" · HERB: Resources for Teachers

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A.W. Auner of Philadelphia was among the most prolific printers of "broadside ballads," cheaply-produced topical songs and poems that were widely available throughout the nineteenth century. "Poor Pat Must Emigrate," published by Auner sometime in mid-century, chronicles the plight of the by-then-familiar figure of the Irish immigrant.

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This was a letter from Hannah Curtis to her brother John Curtis about how mad she was mad she was at her family. Hannah felt like her family has forgotten about her because they moved to America. In the letter she talks about her family members voyage to America and the state of decay that Ireland is in including the labor terms and famine.

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This art is a statue of Annie Moore, A 17 year old girl who was traveling to America from Country Cork, Ireland, with her two brothers. They spent 12 days traveling from Ireland to America from December 20th, 1891 to December 31st, 1891. The three were processed through Ellis Island and reunited with their family who was already living in New York. Annie went on to marry a young German-American and had gave birth to at least 10 children. Now Annie is admired through two statues, one at where she deported from Ireland and one in Ellis Island.

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Many of the Irish immigrants were fleeing Ireland because of a disease called potato blight which caused potatoes to rot. This left lots of Irish families with nearly no food. Over 1 million Irish died of starvation because of the disease. The Irish that had some money often fled to the United States. Most Irish were poor so small cities took in the majority of these immigrants. Most Irish weren't skilled with much other than farming which left them with jobs building canals and railroads. Irish women usually worked as servants for wealthy families and worked 16 hour days. Although most Irish immigrants were poor they still enjoyed the new feeling of freedom and equality.