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The problems of a given territory must first be addressed by the local authorities and then, only if it is necessary, by State bodies

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In 1987 the concept of „sustainable development” was introduced by Brundtland - the Chairman of the World Commision in Environment and Development- about his report, whose basic principle concerns the criterion of eco-sustainability.

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Kant advocates a deontological type of ethics, according to which an action can only be defined as moral if it is carried out by "sense of duty", that is, if it is based on a categorical imperative. Kant considers virtuous those who, motivated by good intentions, carry out actions with disastrous effects,such as the engineers of the Union Carbide factory.

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On December 3, 1984, a terrible leak of venefial gases occurred in Bohpal, India.
-Death of 4000 civilians
-Contamination of 50000 people

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Ecology is the study of the direct or indirect relationships of a living being with the environment, which can manifest themselves in a cooperative or conflictual way.
Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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But there are some references to this topic in

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ARTICLE 9
„La Repubblica promuove lo sviluppo della cultura e la ricerca scientifica e tecnica.”
The Republic has as its goal the technical-scientific development.
„Tutela il paesaggio e il patrimonio storico e artistico della Nazione.”
The State has to protect our landscape, historical and cultural heritage from the negative consequences of this development.

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Italian Constitution dates back to when sensitivity to environmental issues was not yet very developed

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Ecology and sustainable development are not directly addressed in Italian Constitution

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According to Morin's theses, the advocates of sustainable development believe that the only strategy to address the problems of economic progress in respect of the environment is not to solve them separately, but in a systematic vision. Sustainable development is a challenge for intelligence, whose stakes are the safety of human beings and the future of the earth. The limits of man's intervention in nature are conditioned by the well-being of man himself, who is, however, to be considered part of nature.

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The idea that man is the lord of nature and that he can transform it by bending it to his own needs has been the predominant perspective in history. The notion of sustainable development also has deep roots, which can help to understand the limits within which the relationship between man and the environment should be understood. Seattle states that man and the elements of nature constitute a system whose various aspects interact with one another.

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The real theme is the appearance of this new obligation, summarized in the concept of responsibility. Rresponsibility has never had such an object and so far even ethical theory has not dealt with it much. Both knowledge and power were too limited to include the future. In the sign of technology, ethics has to do with actions accompanied by a knowledge of the future. All this places responsibility at the heart of ethics, with spatial and temporal horizons corresponding to those of actions.

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According to Jonas, science confers unprecedented forces and the economy gives an incessant impulse, therefore it demands an ethics that through self-restrictions prevents its power from becoming a misfortune for man. We are aware that the promises of modern technology have been transformed into threats. A submission of nature to human happiness that involves the very nature of man and what he is capable of doing. No traditional ethic therefore teaches us about the norms of good and evil. The earth is no man's earth for ethical theory.
What can a criterion give us?

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In the report of the committee to the European Parliament and the Council, in November 2009 it was noted that the countries of the European Union had reached their goal: their greenhouse gas emissions decreased, while economic growth did not slow down.

In the period 1990-2007, the commission recorded:

7% reduction in emissions in the energy sector;

11% for industrial processes and agriculture;

39% for the waste sector.

In the transport sector, on the other hand, there was an increase of 24%.

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One of the most concrete examples is the Kyoto Protocol. It is an international legal document aimed at combating global warming due to emissions of greenhouse gases. This are gases that contribute to the retention of gases in the atmosphere.

The treaty was signed in the city of Kyoto in December 1997 by more than 160 countries.

It commits the signatories to reduce total emissions of pollutants by at least 5% in the period 2008-2012 compared to 1990 levels.

In order for it to enter into force, were required no fewer than 55 signatory nations who had produced at least 55% of pollutant emissions.

It came into force in February 2005.

Several industrialized countries did not want to sign it, such as the United States and Australia.

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The concept of sustainable development has been adopted by Italian legislation. In fact, Decree no. 4 of January 2008 states that all legally relevant human activities must comply with sustainable development.

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The commitment to future generations is expressed in the definition of "sustainable development".

It is a development that satisfies the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to satisfy their needs.

Sustainability is understood both in safeguarding the rights of those who will come after us and also in the immediate.