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Symptoms because of a loss of healthy RBCs

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Symptoms because of a loss of healthy RBCs

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Because the parasite destroys RBCs  individuals will experience the following symptoms because of a lack of this vital cell:

Fever

Chills

Sweating

Muscle pain

Headaches

Anemia (condition where the body does not have enough healthy RBCs)

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Because the liver can no longer function and perform vital tasks, malaria patients often experience the following:

Yellowing of their skin and eyeballs (jaundice)

Nausea.

Vomiting.

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Yellow = Background information and an essential question
Blue = Steps of how malaria infects an individuals body
Green = Steps that can be taken to reduce malaria transmission
Purple = Additional information
Red = Symptoms of malaria

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This strategy is employed when a person begins to show symptoms of malaria (late in the malaria life cycle) then that person is tested for malaria. If they have malaria, drugs will be administered immediately to them and the surrounding areas.

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Purpose of reactive focal mass drug administration

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Purpose of reactive focal mass drug administration

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The drugs administered would clear a person of the malaria parasite regardless of whether it is actually in their body or not, and also provide a short period of immunity against new infections.

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Reactive focal mass drug administration 

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Reactive focal mass drug administration 

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Reactive focal mass drug administration (rFMDA) is the intervention process of administering antimalarial drugs to a group of people in an area with high malaria risk. These people are not tested for malaria prior to administration of the drugs.

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Because the liver cells have been killed and the can no longer function, the malaria infection has disrupted homeostasis within  the individual. This is because the liver in their body helps digest minerals, proteins, and carbs. Without this, the body cannot absorb nutrients that are vital to the survival of any human. Furthermore, the liver filters old RBCs from the body, and without this organ clots appear frequently within their bloodstream.

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How is malaria transmitted and how does it effect your body?

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How is malaria transmitted and how does it effect your body?

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This is a net that effectively kills mosquitos as it is covered with insecticide. It targets all types of mosquitos and is proven to be effective in places such as India and Africa as the infection rate of malaria decreased with the use of these nets.

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Before this mosquito has the opportunity to infect another person with malaria, measures can be taken to reduce the risk of this transmission

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After a known case of malaria has been reported or a person is showing symptoms of the disease, communities can implement multiple strategies to help prevent more people from contracting malaria.

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Both steps occur concurrently

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Malaria is an infectious, communicable disease that is caused by a single celled parasite called plasmodium falciparum. There are roughly 200 to 300 million cases of malaria per year, and about 450,000 deaths from the disease.

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To help prevent the spread of malaria, insecticide treated nets can be implemented in communities where there are frequent cases of malaria.

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What happens during the incubation period?

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What happens during the incubation period?

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The parasite rapidly multiplies in a persons bloodstream and eventually kills their liver cells which prevents the liver from performing vital tasks such as filtering RBCs, as well as destroys RBCs, which help the body have oxygen in their system from the hemoglobin in the RBCs.

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This time when the parasite is reproducing is also known as the incubation period for when a person has malaria. After this period that can be from 1 to 4 weeks, a person who has been infected with plasmodium falciparum will start to show symptoms.

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When another female anopheles bites the individuals skin, it takes in the red blood cells that contain the gametocytes. The gametocytes mature in the mosquitos gut and form one sporozoite.

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Some merozoites reproduce asexually and eventually burst out of the red blood cells. They go on repeating the same process.  This is known as the erythrocytic phase.

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Some merozoites change form after they infect red blood cells. They transform into immature gametocytes (some male, some female).

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Mosquito bites the individual, who is already infected with malaria and has plasmodium falciparum in their bloodstream and becomes a carrier of the same parasite.

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Merozoites continue to infect red blood cells (erythrocytes) of the individual by getting inside of the cells.

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When enough merozoites form, they burst out of the liver cells, which in turn kills the liver cells and prevents the liver from functioning. They then enter back into the bloodstream.

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In the liver, the sporozoites are asexually reproducing to create numerous offspring that carry the same parasite. They continuously reproduce for a period of about two weeks until a great amount of merozoites (large groups of offspring from the sporozoites) have been formed.

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After the parasites (at this stage they are called sporozoites) move through the  infected persons bloodstream until they reach the liver. When they arrive at the liver, the sporozoites infect the hepatocytes (liver cells) and multiply rapidly.

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Under a microscope, the plasmodium parasite appears as a tiny, irregular purple dot/shape within the red blood cells of a blood sample. Depending on the amount the parasite has reproduced in an individuals blood stream will effect the density of the parasite which is why it will eventually appear in a blood smear.

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The parasite transmitted is the plasmodium protist, a single-celled parasite.

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Some parasites from the infected mosquitos mouth are transmitted into the bloodstream of the now infected individual.

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Female Anopheles bites a human (because female mosquitos need human blood to produce eggs so they can reproduce). This mosquito is infected by plasmodium falciparum, a parasite that causes malaria. This mosquito is the vector of malaria as it transmits the infection to humans.