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Factors that increase the likelihood of being attracted to someone are :
Proximity
Exposure
Similarity
Physical Attractiveness
Reciprocity-of-liking

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Pro-Active Coping is anticipating an event in the future that may cause stress and trying to prepare/manage for that event beforehand.

An emotion-focused strategy is also a form of positive coping mechanism. Try to manage emotions and recognizing that emotions are evidently under our control helps to cope with stress a lot.

One example of Emotion-focused coping would be to try and look at the bright side of the situation. For every trouble, we face there is someone who is going through worse. Remembering that helps.

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We should first try and check what kind of stressor we are experiencing. If facing a catastrophic event, it would likely require a lot more time and a completely different strategy than a background stressor or personal stressor.
What has been found to be useful is thinking of a happy memory and experiencing that moment for a few minutes.

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Proactive coping is a healthy way to cope with stress which involves anticipating things that could come about and cause stress. Time-management skills help with this for example writing to do lists and completing tasks in advance of due dates before things pile up.

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In addition to the other factors my classmates have mentioned, in adolescence a person truly begins to develop their view of themselves and assign attributes to their own personality. They also try to find their place in the social world around them.

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People are attracted to people they are around often, those who have authority those who seem reliable and those who are physically good looking.

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Fundamental attribution error occurs when someone views someone acting out of their usual character and incorrectly assumes this is how the act all the time.

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By organizing to-do lists by what is most important and urgent and finishing these tasks before less important or less urgent things.

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One way to explain why people procrastinate could be drive reduction they may have no interest in doing the task or if they actually find doing the task uncomfortable they will put it off.

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psychosocial development is one example of a field of psychology that could study how an individual behaves in social situations as the mature.

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* Physical Attractiveness
*Matching Hypothesis
*Proximity
*Similarity

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Cognitive: They develop reasoning skills and think abstractly.

Psychosocial: They learn about their personal and sexual identity.

Physical: Growth spurt and puberty changes (ex. hair and genitals growth)

Moral: They get the sense of fairness.

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The fundamental attribution error this which occurs when we attribute behaviors to people's internal self conscious. It is believed that other people's personality traits have more influence on their actions for example being cut off by someone on traffic then one says they do not care about others safety but generally they value safety and they barely cut people off. So that happened because there was a family emergency.

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What is 1 factor that you don't agree with?

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What is 1 factor that you don't agree with?

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What is attribution theory? Why might we make errors such as FAE? List your own example. 

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What is attribution theory? Why might we make errors such as FAE? List your own example. 

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Describe the stages of moral development by Kohlberg- use your own example of a moral dilemma.

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Describe the stages of moral development by Kohlberg- use your own example of a moral dilemma.

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Use examples of your coping mechanisms- identify either problem/emotion focused coping

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Use examples of your coping mechanisms- identify either problem/emotion focused coping

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Which explain the influence of solely environmental factors?

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Which explain the influence of solely environmental factors?

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Which explain the level of unconscious vs. conscious?

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Which explain the level of unconscious vs. conscious?

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Reciprocity - They tend to like those who reciprocate their liking

Similarity - People are more likely associated with people who are similar to them

Physical Attribute - Romantic attraction is primarily determined by physical attractiveness

Proximity - People most likely like who is geographically close

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Reciprocity, proximity, similarity, Physical attraction

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In cognitive, adolescence are distinguishing between right and wrong.

In moral, adolescence understand that not everything is just black and white. conflict can exist between two sets of socially accepted standards

in physical, adolescence are going through puberty. so their body is changing physically.

In psychosocial, adolescence are trying to understand themselves and trying to find their identity and who they are.

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- Exercise (Do some stretching)
- Play some music
- Meditate
- Take a break or eat your favorite food in between tasks

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Physical Attraction, similarity (liking the same things), exposure, proximity

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Halo Effect: Taking certain personality traits and coming to a solution to a problem based on that personality. For example, if you think someone is rude, you may believe that they would say no to a question you would ask them.

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Classical conditioning involves associating an involuntary response and a stimulus

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Classical conditioning involves associating an involuntary response and a stimulus

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associative learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment

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something that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any learning

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Unconditioned response
Conditioned stimulus
Unconditioned stimulus. This is the thing that triggers an automatic response
Conditioned response

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Squeeze something like a stress ball to help yourself calm down

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It is the process of anticipating potential stressors and acting in advance either to prevent them or to mute their impact. In the case of stress, coping mechanisms seek to master, minimize, or tolerate stress and stressors that occur in everyday life. These mechanisms are commonly called coping skills or coping strategies. All coping strategies have the adaptive goal of reducing or dealing with stress, but some strategies can actually be maladaptive (unhealthy) or merely ineffective.

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The fundamental attribution error is very closely related to another attributional tendency, the correspondence bias, which occurs when we attribute behaviors to people’s internal characteristics, even in heavily constrained situations.

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work at your own pace, plan things ahead of time. having a fixed routine ensuring your not taking on to much at once . learning how to take breaks to reduce stress 

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work at your own pace, plan things ahead of time. having a fixed routine ensuring your not taking on to much at once . learning how to take breaks to reduce stress 

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Halo Effect: Is when we let a previously formed positive opinion about someone affect other aspects not related to that previous bias
Fundamental Attribution Error: Is when we form biases based on an individuals actions alone and discount the situational circumstances that may have led to those actions

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in this nice weather , going out, have food, enjoy walking Downtown for 2 hours, that is what i did to manage stress

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in this nice weather , going out, have food, enjoy walking Downtown for 2 hours, that is what i did to manage stress

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To anticipate stressors or stressful situations to lessen the levels of stress.

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Preparing daily goals

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Having a hobby that can make you relax or having time for yourself. A good hobby like exercise.

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- setting dates to finish work
- taking breaks to reduce stress
- completing work early to have a less heavy workload late (will result in less stress in the future)

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Eat healthy and exercise increases productivity and energy.

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Be at your own phase. You do not need to compete with everyone because it will only worsen on how you deal with yourself and your work/study. Multitasking is also an option to consider since it indicates how you can focus on what you should do

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Genetically, an extra chromosome would be created, causing down syndrome. Environmentally, the mother's age can affect the likeliness of a child being diagnosed with down syndrome.

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1:Make an observation and describe the question.
2: Create a hypothesis.
3: Test the hypothesis that you create.
4: draw a conclusion and refine the hypothesis.

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The reason behind it is that there needs to be facts and figures upon which an outcome could be based, to make it more authentic.

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The reason behind it is that there needs to be facts and figures upon which an outcome could be based, to make it more authentic.

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The different stages that occur in adolescence are as follows:

Cognitive: Adolescents reach Piaget’s formal operational stage of cognitive development. They can reason very well.
Moral: Adolescents understand the complexity of morality and realize not everything is black and white and that there are nuances to everything.
Physical: Puberty. Which involves complex changes in sexual organs, hormones etc.
Psychosocial: Its a very challenging time for adolescents as their questioning their own identity, purpose and role in life.

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The fields of psychology concerned with the childhood development could be the following:
1) Developmental Psychology
2) Social Psychology
3) Neuro Psychology
etc.
Different fields such as Developmental Psychology would study the effects of early childhood through different research based methods such as experimentation, group study etc. One of the approaches would be to measure the distinct behavioral traits early in the childs life such as anger, empathy etc. and measure the changes and effects these traits have in different stages of life such as Teenage years, adulthood etc.

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Reviewing along the Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve can increase the rate of process short-term memory turns into the long-term memory and eventually improve the memory

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Prenatal consumption of alcohol by the Mother can result in mild to moderate brain dysfunctions e.g. sensory-motor skills, learning and memory, childhood depression, anxiety etc.
Environmental
Exposure to alcohol,  through lifestyle variables, family (paternal drinking, high consumption of alcohol among peers, "to fit in"), easy access to alcohol, socioeconomic status etc.

Noraine Gennard

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Individuals change and grow throughout their lives. It tries to understand and explain how and why people evolve throughout their lives. Physical growth, intellectual development, emotional changes, social growth, and perceptual changes are all studied by developmental psychologists. Children, adolescents, and older adults may be the focus of these psychologists' research.

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It can't be alone due to untrusted theory and due to has no basis as well.

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behavioral issues, abnormalities, alcoholic person that have been influenced.

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Abnormal cells, disabilities in higher risk.

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development psychologist is concerning nature versus nurture. How much of human development result from heredity and how much rest from learning? and what age does object permanence change?

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i.e. sample size/ generalization depending on sample size; different bias such as selection, observer bias; reliability and validity issues in experimental designs with other bias such as experimenter bias and placebo effects

Donata Ling

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Predications can be made with correlations of two or more variables- especially in the case where an experimental design cannot be ethically used. Explain correlations of health outcomes, academic achievement, psychological disorders, prenatal development, etc. 

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Predications can be made with correlations of two or more variables- especially in the case where an experimental design cannot be ethically used. Explain correlations of health outcomes, academic achievement, psychological disorders, prenatal development, etc. 

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Donata Ling

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avoiding trusting intuition, assumptions or bias about behaviours in analyzing outcomes. Psychologist look to describe, explain, influence and predict behaviour or phenomenon by questioning these assumptions, developing replicable experiment with a testable hypothesis and pass through rigorous ethical guidelines.

Donata

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This is not naturally occurring due to genetics rather it is due to the mothers consumption of alcohol.

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A genetic influence can be the mothers age.

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They could study cases where the cause and effect already happened naturally ( occurred without a study/intentional cause).

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Because it can be biased based on our assumptions and past experiences.

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It has been agreed upon that nature and nurture both effect development to some degree. However it may be of interest which is more influencial.

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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) effects may range from mild to severe and can include physical abnormalities, sensory integration variables, learning disabilities, and/or behavioural issues, which are incurable.

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one of the known causes of intellectual disabilities, occurs when the zygote receives an extra chromosome (trisomy 21) at the moment of conception (mothers over 35 and younger than 18 often at higher risk).

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Genetic：Parents‘ abnormalities genetics
Environment：Always under in smoke environment.

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Genetic influences: Look for women who are pregnant at the same time to do the experiment.

Environmental influences: Look for mothers with multiple children to do the experiment.

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Pregnant women under the age of 18 and over 35 are all at higher risk. So for your own safety, they need to choose between 18 and 35 years old

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Because Intuition has no basis.

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For environmental impact, any inadvertent influence will affect the result. Just like if a pregnant woman is smoking for a long time, it will definitely have a great impact on the fetus.

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Because intuition has no theoretical basis

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Developmental psychologists study the interaction between the unfolding of biologically predetermined patterns of behaviour and a constantly changing, dynamic environment.

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More people should be investigated to ensure the comprehensiveness of the investigation

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Correlation studies are used to see if there are any relationship between two given variables, where one is dependent and the other independent. It could be two or more variables too. It aims to find out whether there is either: Positive correlation. Both variables change in the same direction. As height increases, weight also increases.

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1.Purpose/Question. Ask a question.
2.Research. Conduct background research.
3.Hypothesis. Propose a hypothesis.
4.Experiment. Design and perform an experiment to test your hypothesis.
5.Data/Analysis. Record observations and analyze the meaning of the data.

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1. Observation - Observational Learning (Classical Conditioning)
2. Ask a Question
3.  Form a Hypothesis
4. Make a prediction based on hypothesis - (Positive and negative reinforcement)
5. Test the prediction (The Skinner box)
6. Use the results to make a new hypothesis or predictions - Pavlov's Conditioning Theory
(Noraine Gennard)

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Genetic: When zygote receives and extra chromosome trisomy 21) at conception. Abnormal cell division involving trisomy 21.
Environmental: Mothers who are under the age of 18, or over the age of 35 are at a higher risk.

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Developmental psychologists in the nature and nurture debate ask to what degree our environment and heredity influence our behaviour throughout life.

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Environmental: Excess consumption of alcohol or cigarettes
Genetic: Either parent having abnormal glycosylation

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Environmental : Mothers over the age of 35 and below 18 are at high risk
Genetic: Translocation in either parent

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For Environmental Influences: Scientists could use a case study involving a group of expecting mothers who may have been exposing themselves to known environmental factors that may cause changes in pre-natal development such as smoking, or exposure to toxins/pollutants etc.

For Genetics Influences: Scientists could follow Experimentation and find out if the presence of certain certain elements such as Teratogens causes changes in pre-natal development

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Intuition alone cannot be trusted as it does not take into account reason. A proper analysis would require a combination of intuition and reason in my opinion.

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They ask how our genetic background affects our behavior throughout our lives and whether our potential is limited by heredity.

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Descriptive: Observations may not be entirely accurate and maybe biased
Correlational: An established correlation may not necessarily prove cause and effect or dependency
Experimental: Is prone to bias, experimenters may be biased towards the results they want to conclude

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A correlational study identifying whether two variables are "correlated" to each other.
It is helpful in circumstances where a dependency between two variables is to be established. For instance, anxiety is dependent on stress.

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Topic of interest: Anxiety

The steps in scientific method involve:
1) Research: Descriptive and Correlational Research to find the root causes for Anxiety
2) Theories: Anxiety is caused through pro-longed stress and other psychological factors
3) Hypothesis: Absence of stress can reduce anxiety
4) Operationalization: Use a group of volunteers to test hypothesis

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1. Describe
2. Explain
3. Control
4. Predict

Methods to limit selection bias:
Placebo, Double Blind Procedures

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Spaced-Learning: Learning in a phased manner without stressing the brain for prolonged hours.

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Mnemonics: Is a technique to aid the retention of information using acronyms, chunking and other means of associating information.
Failure of Encoding: Is when information is not stored in memory and thus cannot be retrieved.
Failure of Retrieval: Is when the information is stored but we are unable to retrieve it due to the lack of cues to access it.

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Stress directly affects the retrieval of memory as the hormones triggered through stress interrupt recall and worsen long-term memory

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What are methods to limit selection bias or experimenter bias? (i.e. placebo effect)

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What are methods to limit selection bias or experimenter bias? (i.e. placebo effect)

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A topic of interest could be neuroplasticity.

1. can a person change their natural habits significantly?

ex. 2. hypothesis : through molding a person can change their habits.

3. experiment : give a person a new routine that is proposed to create good habits

4. write journal about experiment

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Descriptive research: Its biggest weakness is confidentiality. Subjects cannot always be true and has to tell the researcher what they want to hear.

Correlational research: It cannot indicate causation. It leads to biased association.

Experimental research: It can only handle small groups of treatments. It also has ethical issues and may not relate to the real world, thus cannot be generalized to the population.

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There are relationships between two variables such as a survey or a documentary research. Some types of surveys can either have positive correlation, negative correlation or no correlation.

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1. Make an observation, which describes the problem.
2. Propose a hypothesis.
3. Propose a hypothesis.
4. Draw conclusions.
5.Example:How are clouds formed?

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Neither variable goes through a manipulative process. The results from correlational research are more applicable. Two different data collection methods are available with correlational research.

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You want to find out if there is a relationship between two variables, but you don't expect to find a causal relationship between them.

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Make an observation.

Make a prediction based on the hypothesis.

Test the prediction.

Iterate: use the results to make new hypotheses or predictions.

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describe, explain, predict, and change behavior

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Overlearning: I will practice for hours.
Spaced practice: I will often practice.

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failure of encoding: fail to pay attention
decay:  the loss of information in memory
interference: he phenomenon by which information in memory disrupts the recall of other information