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RSC science careers

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How is knowledge of matter being used in the real world?
Read and don't forget to scroll to the video at the bottom about the "doomsday glacier" melting.

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Plans for an artificial island to house 35,000 people and protect the port of Copenhagen from rising sea levels have been approved by Danish MPs.

The giant island, named Lynetteholm, would be connected to the mainland via a ring road, tunnels and a metro line.

The approval by Denmark's parliament paves the way for the 1 sq mile (2.6 sq km) project to begin later this year.

But it faces opposition from environmentalists who have concerns over the impact of its construction.

Plans for Lynetteholm include a dam system around its perimeter, with the aim of protecting the harbour from rising sea levels and storm surges.

If construction goes ahead as planned, the majority of the foundations for the island off Denmark's capital should be in place by 2035, with an aim to fully complete the project by 2070.

A case against the development of Lynetteholm has been brought before the European Court of Justice by environmental groups.

Concerns include the transportation of materials by road involving large numbers of vehicles. One environmental assessment suggested that up to 350 lorry journeys a day through Copenhagen would be required to deliver the raw materials once construction had begun.

Building the artificial island, the size of about 400 football pitches, would require some 80 million tonnes of soil to be delivered to the area to create the peninsula alone, local media report.

There are also concerns among environmentalists about the movement of sediment at sea and the possible impact on ecosystems and water quality.

Protesters gathered outside the parliament building in Copenhagen as the bill passed on Friday with a majority of 85 in favour and 12 against, according to Danish broadcaster DR.

One demonstrator from Copenhagen, Eva Larsen, said she was "very worried" about the prospect of construction lorries passing through the city on a daily basis, DR reported.

Another protester, Nicholas Woollhead, said a decision on Lynetteholm should not have been made before local elections in November.

"This project, which is the largest in Copenhagen's history and one of the largest infrastructure projects in Danish history, is simply pulled down over our heads between election periods where we do not have a chance to be heard," he said.

Carina Christensen, the head of the association for the Danish road transport of goods (IDT), said more "climate-friendly" transport was an option when delivering materials for the construction of Lynetteholm, but that it would require the go-ahead from government officials.

"Electric trucks will, for example, remove CO2 emissions and reduce noise, but in return cost more and lead to more trips," she said.

You may also be interested in:

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Denmark parliament approves giant artificial island off Copenhagen

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Plans for an artificial island to house 35,000 people and protect the port of Copenhagen from rising sea levels have been approved by Danish MPs. The giant island, named Lynetteholm, would be connected to the mainland via a ring road, tunnels and a metro line.

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This term will be an opportunity for you to demonstrate excellence by having a go and these GCSE questions looking at the same topic you have been doing this term. Remember to hand these to your teacher to get your CREATE point logged

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Careers that require a knowledge of cells and systems.

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What qualifications do you need to be a clinical research scientist?

Entry requirements : Either a degree in life sciences related to medicine, or you can enter clinical science in the NHS at practitioner level by applying for the NHS Practitioner Training Programme (PTP). You also need to complete the three-year NHS Healthcare Scientist Training Programme (STP)
This information is a guide (sources: LMI for All, National Careers Service)

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How to become a clinical research scientist: Zahra's story

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Entry requirements : Either a degree in life sciences related to medicine, or you can enter clinical science in the NHS at practitioner level by applying for the NHS Practitioner Training Programme (PTP).

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How is a knowledge of cells being used in the real world?

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Have you ever been ill? Even if it was a 'tummy bug' it will have been your cells that were affected by the poisonous chemicals or toxins from bacteria cells in the bad food.

You may know of someone who has been ill with a disease or disorder such as meningitis, malaria, diabetes, a type of cancer, cystic fibrosis, or Alzheimer's disease. All these diseases and disorders are caused by problems at a cell or molecular level. Physical damage such as a burn or broken bone also causes damage at cell level.

By understanding how cells work in healthy and diseased states, cell biologists working in animal, plant and medical science will be able to develop new vaccines, more effective medicines, plants with improved qualities and through increased knowledge a better understanding of how all living things live.

Eventually it will be possible to produce a 'health forecast' by analysing your database of genetic and cell information. Using this you will be able to take more control over your health in a preventive way.

But cell biology is not just about disease. It has greatly assisted the human fertility programme. DNA testing has been used in archaeology to provide evidence that a living person is related to a long dead ancestor.

In plant science it has been used to show that two plants that look different have the same genetic origins.

Forensic medicine uses cell biology and DNA fingerprinting to help solve murders and assaults. Neither the courts of law nor the criminals can escape the importance of cell biology.

Biotechnology uses techniques and information from cell biology to genetically modify crops to produce alternative characteristics; to clone plants and animals; to produce and ensure high quality food is available at lower costs; to produce purer medicines and in time organs for the many people who need transplants.
Cell biology is about all this and can make an exciting career.

It is also important that everyone feels informed about how the increase in knowledge about cell biology could affect him or her and society in general. Society will have to make informed decisions about such things as growing organs for transplanting into humans and, in those areas where vitamin 'A' deficiency causes blindness, growing rice modified to produce the vitamin.

A basic understanding of cell biology including genetics will be as important as having some knowledge about computers and the Internet.

SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT:
If you needed a kidney transplant and no donated human organ were available, would you refuse to have one from a pig specially developed to provide organs for humans?

You are a rice farmer and a parent. You know that each year more than one million children die and another 124 million are made more susceptible to measles and diarrhoea due to shortage of vitamin A. You have heard about a new strain of genetically modified rice producing vitamin A is available. Would you grow it and let your family eat it?

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Have you ever been ill? Even if it was a 'tummy bug' it will have been your cells that were affected by the poisonous chemicals or toxins from bacteria cells in the bad food. You may know of someone who has been ill with a disease or disorder such as meningitis, malaria, diabetes, a type of cancer, cystic fibrosis, or Alzheimer's disease.

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This term there will be an opportunity for you to demonstrate community by listening to each other and sharing ideas.  One reason the Covid vaccine was developed so quickly is because scientists across the world worked together for one cause.

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Read the article below about the Clean up of Beirut to see some real world applications of separation techniques. Who was to blame for the Beirut Blast? Who is responsible for the clean up? Is the article showing the whole picture? Can we trust this new source?

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Read the article below about the false claims on how 5G is responsible for Covid.  How is Covid spread?  How to reduce the spread?

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The second theory makes even less sense when we look at the facts. Coronavirus is a virus that is able to spread by passing from those infected with it to the rest of the population, from coughs, sneezes and close contact. The electromagnetic waves that help carry 5G are completely different to viruses, and there is no way they could spread a virus - it's physically impossible!

Wuhan, the centre of the coronavirus epidemic in China, was one of the first places in the country to trial 5G technology, and some have incorrectly linked the two unrelated events. However, countries without 5G, such as Iran, have reported huge numbers of coronavirus cases. There are also a number of areas in the UK without 5G coverage that have cases of coronavirus, so this theory just doesn't add up.

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5G and coronavirus: Debunking the fake news stories

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The second theory makes even less sense when we look at the facts. Coronavirus is a virus that is able to spread by passing from those infected with it to the rest of the population, from coughs, sneezes and close contact.

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Oak National Academy https://classroom.thenational.academy/units/particles-f50c

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Free online lessons for students across a variety of UK school curriculum subjects

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BBC Bitesize
1. The Particle Model of Matter
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/z9r4jxs
2. Pure and Impure substances
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zych6g8

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The particle model of matter - KS3 Chemistry - BBC Bitesize

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KS3 Chemistry The particle model of matter learning resources for adults, children, parents and teachers.

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There is a rising job market for 'green jobs'

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Around the world, governments are trying to make their countries reach ‘net zero’ carbon emissions by 2050. There are some exciting job opportunities for young people in the energy sector and beyond! Find out more.

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5 ways we can all reduce the energy uses in our homes.
Can you think of any others to add to list? Maybe things you do already in your home

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Top 5 Steps to Reduce Your Energy Consumption

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Take these steps to help reduce your energy consumption.

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Can you make a poster or leaflet to tell people how they can reduce energy use in their own homes.

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Chemistry - Fixing the future? Find out how you can be part of the solution here.

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Real-life career stories and articles to inspire and inform you about your future in chemistry

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Career Clips: Forces and motion in computer games.

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Have a look at the video and see what is involved!

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Please be aware that resources have been published on the website in the form that they were originally supplied. This means that procedures reflect general practice and standards applicable at the time resources were produced and cannot be assumed to be acceptable today. Website users are fully responsible for ensuring that any activity, including practical work, which they carry out is in accordance with current regulations related to health and safety and that an appropriate risk assessment has been carried out.

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From the Institute of Physics, this seven minute film showcases how an understanding of forces and motion is required to develop certain video games. It looks at the work of a company which develops computer models that ensure objects and people in video games adhere to real world laws of motion.

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Watch this video clip to see some real life science!

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Matter: Solids, Liquids and Gasses - More Real World Science on the Learning Videos Channel

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https://blog.praxilabs.com/2021/02/24/applications-of-newtons-laws-of-motion-in-daily-life/#:~:text=We%20always%20see%20the%20applications,cars%20to%20increase%20their%20speed.

How many ways can you apply forces and motion to everyday life? Have a read of the article and watch the videos!

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How do airbags work in cars?

How do planes fly in the air?

How does the water flow?

Why do buildings look static and not fall off?

How do cars work?

Only and physics discoveries can answer all these questions and explain to us everything we see in our daily life.

In this article, we will discuss Newton's laws which are concerned with explaining the motion of things and applications of Newton's laws of motion in daily life. We will also highlight the other most famous laws established by Isaac Newton.

So, what is the physics behind the explanation of such things that we see in our daily life?

It is which differs from classical mechanics or Newtonian mechanics (relative to the scientist Isaac Newton, who is considered one of its greatest founders) and it is the oldest branch in the science of bodies motion (mechanics), modern physics that came later.

Try Newton's Laws of Motion in Praxilabs Virtual Labs

If we are going to talk about classical mechanics and applications of Newton's laws of motion in daily life, we must first shed light on the founder of these laws and the one who has the credit for bringing them out to us, Sir Isaac Newton. Here are some quick facts about Isaac Newton:

Overview of Newton's Laws of Motion

(the science behind how things move)

Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that establish the science of kinematics. These laws describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the force acting on it.

It was Isaac Newton who established these laws, and he used these laws to explain many physical systems and phenomena. These three laws were first published by Isaac Newton in his in 1687, which is the basis of classical mechanics. Newton used these laws to explain and investigate many physical phenomena. Newton showed that these laws in addition to the law of universal gravitation are able to explain Kepler's laws of planetary motion , and these laws are still among the most important physical laws so far.

And now we discuss Newton's laws of motion, its interpretation, and mathematical expression, as well as the most important applications of newton's laws of motion in daily life.

The Text, Its Interpretation, and The Mathematical Expression

"An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted on by a net external force"

This means that motion cannot change or decrease without the effect of an unbalanced force. If nothing happens to you, you will never go anywhere. If you're going in a certain direction, unless something happens to you, you'll always go that way forever.

That is, if the resultant force (the vector sum of the forces acting on the body) is zero, then the velocity of the object is constant. When we say that the velocity of an object is constant, we mean that both magnitude and direction are constant.

Now we'll show you a good example for illustration, when you see a video of astronauts. Have you ever noticed that their tools are floating? They can only place them in space and stay in one place. As there is no force to intervene to change this situation. The same applies when they throw objects at the camera, these objects move in a straight line. Meaning, if they drop an object while in space, that object will continue to move in the same direction and at the same speed unless interfered with.

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Mathematical Expression of Newton's First Law of Motion

V is the velocity of the object

t is the time

F is the force

This means that we can say that a static body will remain static unless it is affected by external forces, and a moving body does not change its velocity as long as no external force affects it.

The principle of inertia is one of the basic principles in classical physics that is still used today to describe the motion of things and how it is affected by the forces applied to them.

The term inertia may be referred to as "the amount of resistance of an object to a change in velocity" or "resistance to change in motion." This includes changes in the speed of the object or the direction of motion. One aspect of this property is the tendency of things to continue to move in a straight line at a constant speed, when no forces are affecting them.

Real Life Examples of Newton's First Law (inertia)

The electric fan continues to move for a period after the electricity is turned off.

Fall back forward when the stationary bus starts to move.

The occurrence of things around us can be explained according to Newton's first law. Now we will show examples of Newton's First Law of Motion Examples in Everyday Life:

The function of the air bag is to inflate in an accident and prevent the driver's head from hitting the windshield. When a car with an airbag is exposed to an accident, the sudden slowdown in its speed leads to the operation of an electrical switch, and this starts a chemical reaction that produces a gaseous substance that works to fill the air bag and protect the driver's head.

The book on the table stays in place unless it is dislodged.

Blood rushes from your head to your feet as it quickly stops when you ride the descending elevator.

The hammer head can be tightened against the wooden handle by striking the bottom of the handle against a hard surface.

While riding a skateboard (or cart or bike), you fly forward away from the board when you hit a sidewalk, rock, or anything else that suddenly stops the skateboard.

Description of aircraft movement when the pilot changes throttle position.

For further understanding, you can try PraxiLabs virtual labs in classical physics. All you have to do is just create a free account

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The Text , Its Interpretation, and The Mathematical Expression
"If a force affects an object, the object gains acceleration, proportional to its strength and inversely proportional to its mass."
Newton's second law studies the movement of an object when external forces affect it. When a constant force affects a huge object, it causes it to accelerate, that is, to change its speed, at a constant rate.

In the simplest case, the force acting on an object at rest causes it to accelerate in the direction of the force. However, if the object is indeed in motion it may appear that the object is speeding up, slowing down, or changing its direction depending on the direction of force, directions taken by the object, and the frame of reference in which it is moving Relative to each other.

Mathematically, Newton's second law can be expressed through the following equation:

where F is the resultant force, m is the mass of the object, and a is the acceleration of the body.

This relationship applies the principle of preserving the momentum, which is that when the sum of the resultant forces acting on the object is equal to zero, the momentum of the object remains constant. The resultant force is equal to the rate of change in the momentum.

This law also means that when two equal forces act on two different bodies, the object with greater mass will have less acceleration and slower motion, and the object with less mass has greater acceleration. For example, to illustrate:

If we have two similar engines, one for a large car and the other for a small car, then the small one will have more acceleration because its mass is less and the large one will have less acceleration because its mass is greater.

We always see the applications of Newton's second law of motion in daily life when we try to move an object, like stopping a moving ball rolling on the ground, or pushing a ball to get it to move.

Reducing the weight of racing cars to increase their speed.

For example, in cars racing, engineers try to keep vehicle mass as low as possible, as lower mass means more acceleration, and the higher the acceleration the greater the chances of winning the race.

When we kick the ball we exert force in a specific direction, which is the direction the ball will move. In addition, the more forcefully the ball is kicked, the more force we apply to it and the further away the ball is.

It is easier to push an empty cart in a supermarket than to push a loaded cart. More mass requires more power for acceleration.

Of the two walking people, if one is heavier than the other, the one who weighs the heaviest walks slower because the acceleration of the one who weighs the lighter is more.

"For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction."

All forces in the universe occur in equal but oppositely directed pairs. There are no isolated forces; for every external force that acts on an object there is a force of equal magnitude but opposite direction which acts back on the object which exerted that external force.

In the case of internal forces, a force on one part of a system will be countered by a reaction force on another part of the system so that an isolated system cannot by any means exert a net force on the system as a whole. A system cannot "bootstrap" itself into motion with purely internal forces, to achieve a net force and an acceleration, it must interact with an object external to itself.

Newton's third law can be mathematically expressed through the following equation:

Body 1 effects by a force F1 on body2 which effects by a force F2 on body 1

Examples and Applications of Newton's Third Law of Motion in Daily Life

Engineers apply Newton's third law when designing rockets and other devices, for example, the rush of gases from the rocket to the top when it ignites causes it to increase its speed.

When a person walks it affects the earth strongly and the earth also strongly affects it so both the earth and the person affect each other.

When you jump, your feet apply force to the ground, and the earth applies an equal and opposite reaction force that pushes you into the air.

When a person is in water, the water pushes the person forward while the person pushes the water back, both affect each other.

Helicopters create lifting power by pushing the air down, thus exposing it to an upward reaction force.

Birds and planes also fly by applying force on the air in the opposite direction to any force they need. For example, the wings of the bird push the air back and forth in order to lift the movement forward.

Newton's Third Law and Hooke's Law

In some cases, when applying Newton's third law, other factors such as stress and deformation must be taken into account. For example, in the opposite figure, the mass of the car increases due to the entry of the passenger. This affects the car's displacement in its suspension system.

The above is known as Hooke's Law of Elasticity indicates that the amount with which an object changes is linearly related to the force causing this change. Substances to which Hooke's Law roughly applies are materials with linear elasticity.

For more information, you can try PraxiLabs virtual lab for experimenting with Hooke's Law ... Subscribe now and select your plan

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"Any particle of matter in the universe attracts any other with a force varying directly as the product of the masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them"

Newton established the law of universal gravitation based on experimental observations made previously by Galileo, who noticed that near the surface of the earth, bodies of different masses fall at the same time (that is, the Earth's gravity attracts all masses with the same acceleration).

This law states that the force with which an object (such as the sun) attracts another object (such as the Earth) increases with the mass of the two bodies and decreases with the square of the distance between them. That is, if we make the distance between the two objects twice the current distance, the force will be less than (2 × 2), i.e., four times. If we make the distance 3 times greater, the force will be weaker by (3 x 3), i.e., nine times and so on.

Newton explained that this law describes the movement of celestial bodies such as planets, moons, and stars, and also describes the movement of bodies on Earth, meaning that it is valid at any point in the universe, so it is called the universal or universal law of gravity.

Returning to Newton's third law, the Earth is attracting you down strongly (action) and you are attracting it with the same force upward (reaction). But the value of this force has a noticeable effect on a mass as small as yours, while its effect is very, very weak on the mass of the Earth that is huge for you.

Mathematically, Newton's law of universal gravity can be expressed:

F is the force due to gravity

G is the general gravitational constant

m 1 is the mass of the object 1

m 2 is the mass of the object 2

Newton's Law of Universal Gravity is of great importance, as it explains how gravity affects us and our walking on Earth. In other words, it keeps us on Earth so that we can live on Earth and not fly in the air and space.

It explains the motion of the moon around the earth and the motion of the planets around the sun and the reason behind the tides in the seas on Earth.

It also explains free fall, when an object falls from any height under only the influence of the force of gravity, it is known as free fall.

The free fall experiment is one of the most important applications of three scientific experiments in physics.

Try PraxiLabs Virtual Lab for Free Fall Experience.. Subscribe now and select your plan.
Newton's Three Laws of Motion explain how forces create motion in sport. The following is a summary of Newton's laws when applied to sports:

The runner in the 100-meter race continues to run unless there is a force to stop him or reduce his speed.

Long jump requires the athlete to run from a distance and at a certain speed to achieve that jump, meaning there is a force to change the body's state of movement.

Kicks in football , as well as when a collision occurs between players, one of them is fixed and the other is moving in the ground or in the air, while jumping.

In boxing, the standby posture is of great importance to prevent the player from falling easily.

In all sporting events, the dominant force is in one direction and the reaction force is in the opposite direction.

Newton's laws of motion are applied in medicine, especially in Biomechanics.

Biomechanics is the discipline that creates a bridge between mechanical engineering and biology, enabling physicians to better understand the effect that forces can have upon biological structures such as bone, muscle, tendon, and ligament. In order to understand basic biomechanical concepts, there must be an understanding of the basic laws of physics.

Praxilabs Virtual Labs in Mechanical Physics

PraxiLabs virtual science labs enable you to conduct various laboratory experiments in physics, chemistry and biology online anytime and anywhere.

Try now the virtual labs in mechanics that explain Newton's laws of motion and applications of newton's laws of motion in daily life.

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Applications of Newton's Laws of Motion in Daily Life - PraxiLabs

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How do airbags work in cars? How do planes fly in the air? How does the water flow? Why do buildings look static and not fall off? How do cars work? Only and physics discoveries can answer all these questions and explain to us everything we see in our daily life.

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This term we would like you to show some aspiration and have a go at this GCSE question which is on the same topic as this module.
Remember to show your teacher and get your CREATE point logged.

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Design a car using what you have learned about forces and motion. Think about how fast you want the car to be able to go and how quickly you want it to speed up. What kind of features might it have to be able to do this?

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Is artificial snow environmentally friendly? Read and discuss. Let your teacher know your views too.

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But Dr Carmen de Jong, Professor of Hydrology at the University of Strasbourg, says the removal of the topsoil in this process could significantly increase the risk of erosion and landslides, water pollution and damage to animal habitats.

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Winter Olympics: Will the Beijing Games be 'green and clean'?

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But Dr Carmen de Jong, Professor of Hydrology at the University of Strasbourg, says the removal of the topsoil in this process could significantly increase the risk of erosion and landslides, water pollution and damage to animal habitats.

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Watch the videos that explain what fake news is and how to spot it.

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All the latest BBC Bitesize content about fact or fake.