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Noise pollution refers to an undesirable sound or sound, which generates horrible discomfort on the ears. It is measured in decibels (dB) and sound levels beyond 100 dB can cause permanent hearing loss.

Noise pollution is a huge problem because it creates discomfort, interferes with an individual's peace of mind, and lessens one's quality of life. For instance, noise can disrupt sleep and prevent one from getting a rejuvenating rest due to the high sound vibrations.

Noise pollution is a relative thing. In a city, it's a jet plane taking off. In a monastery, it's a pen that scratches.

~ Robert Orben

What are the Sources of Noise Pollution?

Globally, the source of outdoor noise is mainly caused by machines, transport, and propagation systems.

The origins of noise include aircraft, jet planes, trains, buses, automobiles, motorcycles, ships, trucks, construction equipment, electrical machinery and gadgets, electrical generators, lawnmowers and leaf blowers, home appliances, explosions, loud music, ringtones, and people.

What are Various Effects of Noise Pollution?

The constant exposure to loud noises can damage eardrums and cause loss of hearing. The sensitivity of eardrums to pick up small sounds also reduces.

Excessive noise pollution can have harmful effects on humans, animals, trees, plants, and marine life, constantly exposed to it.

Noise pollution has many negative effects on the health and wellbeing of humans. It can increase blood pressure and heartbeat, causes heart attacks, cardiovascular and psychophysiological effects, headache and sleep disturbance, impaired cognitive functioning, increases stress level, reduces performance, fatigue, and shows signs of aggressive behavior, provokes annoyance responses and changes in social behavior.

Loud noise causes interference or disturbance in conversations, communications, sleep, reproduction, and many other aspects of life that disrupt or diminish one's quality of life.

Noise pollution is becoming so much ubiquitous that it is threatening biodiversity. Loud noise also affects pets and other animals. If they are exposed to loud noises for a longer duration, they can behave more aggressively.

Human-made sources can bother marine life with a fatal condition commonly known as 'the Bends' and pose a significant long-term threat to aquatic species like dolphins, whales, fish, and others.

" According to the International Programme on Chemical Safety (WHO 1994),

" An adverse effect of noise is defined as a change in the morphology and physiology of an organism that results in impairment of functional capacity, or an impairment of capacity to compensate for additional stress, or increases the susceptibility of an organism to the harmful effects of other environmental influences. This definition includes any temporary or long-term lowering of the physical, psychological or social functioning of humans or human organs."

25+ Simple Steps to Reduce Noise Pollution

Noise pollution also affects marine and wildlife animals to the same degree it affects humans. These days, noise is almost everywhere especially in urban and city areas influenced by transportation activities such as airports, traffic and railroads, industrial manufacturing, construction works, and concerts.

However, there are numerous practical ways to reduce noise pollution. Here are 25+ easy steps we can take to reduce noise pollution.

1. Close the Windows

Reducing the amount of noise entering into our homes and buildings is possible by simply closing the windows. It keeps away annoying sound. The best thing would be to only open windows during the quieter times of the day, most probably late in the evenings.

2. Put on Earplugs

Wearing earplugs is a cost-effective solution for reducing noise pollution. A pair of earplugs can be worn while sleeping or at any other time of the day when you want to reduce the amount of noise hitting your eardrums.

Earplugs have their health benefits, especially for those who wish to have a healthy sleeping habit in noisy areas.

3. Improve your Insulation

Insulation measures are some of the primary and most practical ways to reduce noise pollution at home. It's an art of soundproofing, which helps in blocking the sound vibrations and noise.

By improving insulation, it means installing soundproofing materials on the walls, ceiling, and even on the floor. Using double-pane windows and weather-stripping in your home can aid in absorbing noise and work as added insulation saving energy bill.

4. Invest in Noise-Canceling Headphones

The majority of people may not realize this, but sound-canceling headphones are good for reducing noise pollution. It's essentially important for industrial and construction workers. The noise-canceling headphones filter the unwanted noise well before it reaches the ears.

5. Do Wall-to-Wall Carpeting

Wall-to-wall carpeting comes in as another practical and straightforward way of reducing noise pollution. This kind of arrangement goes a long way in lowering incoming noise into our homes or offices.

6. Install a Fence

It may sound extreme, but it qualifies as a practical way to reduce noise pollution. Noise is produced by strong sound waves or vibrations, which can be significantly reduced by barriers.

By installing a fence, you'll be creating a barrier that absorbs the strong sound waves or vibrations, thereby reducing noise pollution around your office or home.

7. Be Creative with the Office or House Layout

One way to reduce noise in the house or an office setting is to get innovative with the general layout or design. For instance, noisy machines can be placed in areas that are not close to the sitting/resting or working areas.

8. Invest in Noise-Friendly Flooring

Floors can offer remarkable ways of reducing noise pollution. However, it depends on the type of floor you have in your place. Carpeting, for instance, usually reduces a substantial amount of noise, but better results can be achieved by the use of noise-friendly flooring like vinyl.

Vinyl is a resourceful alternative to carpeting and delivers better in reducing noise pollution because of its sound-absorbing qualities.

9. Invest in Sound-Friendly Furniture

Furniture is excellent sound absorbers as they reduce echo and sound vibrations. Therefore, sound friendly lounge chairs, bookshelves, couches, and cabinets can affect the acoustics of open spaces.

For instance, in the case of a noisy neighbor, put a big bookshelf against the wall to reduce the noise coming from their house or building. Also, use soft furnishings such as rugs, carpets, and wall hangings, which reduce sound.

10. Use of Modern Acoustic Wall Panels

Not all wall panels incredibly serve well at reducing noise pollution. Because of technological advancements, there are modern designed acoustic wall panel options available in the market that can effectively reduce noise pollution.

11. Turn off Electronic Devices or Reduce the Volume

Game systems, computers, Hi-fi systems, and televisions can contribute to noise pollution when on high volumes. The solution is to turn them off when not in use and also keep them on moderate volume to reduce noise pollution.

Besides, by turning them off, you'll also be saving electricity costs. Place padding under noisy equipment to reduce noise, such as blenders.

Source: Canva

12. Use Noise Absorbents in Noisy Machinery

If some pieces of machinery are creating noise due to vibrations, you can check the noise by applying some noise absorbents to reduce noise.

13. Do Frequent Lubrication and Better Maintenance of Machinery

Proper lubrication and better maintenance of machines are beneficial practices to reduce noise pollution and improve efficiency. As lubrication reduces friction between movable parts, it helps to reduce noise.

14. Plant Trees

Trees have been established to be effective in reducing noise levels within urban settings, around major highways, and even at the places, we stay.

Therefore, numerous plants and trees in an area mean less noise pollution. In addition to that, trees have various aesthetic advantages and improve air quality.

15. Have a Dedicated Quiet Space

Having a dedicated quiet space can pay off whenever we want to escape from noises that make us feel uneasy and affect the quality of our life. Quiet spaces can guarantee as much as 100% soundproof areas.

16. Install Cubicles and Wall Partitions

Installation of wall partitions and cubicles in places such as offices with ample free space and big rooms at home reduces the overall indoor noise. Even with low-level installation, cubicles and wall partitions proved to be very useful noise absorbers.

17. Shut the Door

Shutting the door keeps away unpleasant sounds, especially if you have noisy neighbors. If there are appliances that produce loud noise such as dishwashers, blenders, and washing machines, you can have them run in separate rooms and shut the door to seal off the noise.

18. Cancel or Mask the Noise

Canceling or masking the noise is one of the most straightforward and practical techniques for reducing noise pollution. It is achieved through the creation of peaceful and soothing sounds to cancel the awful ones.

It can simply be done by turning on a fan or hanging wind chimes. For the majority of people, it may seem contradictory, but it is a proven effective method of masking or canceling the horrible and bothering sounds.

Furthermore, there are white noise machines that can make canceling or masking easier.

19. Move or Choose a Home in Noise-Free Areas

Moving away from noisy areas can also qualify as a practical way of reducing noise pollution. It may sound exaggerated, but moving from areas such as airports, train stations, industrial districts, and major highways can reduce noise levels considerably.

20. Replace Old Automobiles with New Ones

Old automobiles are a significant source of noise pollution. They create unappealing and sometimes deafening sounds. Their replacement with new ones not only reduces noise pollution but will also lower the emission of soot and other toxic substances into the atmosphere.

21. Create Awareness and Education on the Consequences of Noise Pollution

Creating awareness of noise pollution and its effects on both humans and wildlife can generate positive outcomes in efforts to reduce noise pollution.

Perhaps if most people could be aware that noise pollution can lead to hearing loss and mental stress, then the majority will invest in ways to reduce noise pollution.

22. Declare a "No Horn Zone" in Hospital, School, and Residential Areas

Horns from trucks, buses, and cars produce a considerable degree of noise pollution and as such, the introduction of no horn zone can help reduce noise pollution in hospitals, schools, and residential areas.

23. Let's all be Good Neighbors

Being a good neighbor means maintaining awareness of loud music, barking dogs, or loud parties, among others. Keeping these on a check can make your neighbor follow the same, which eventually contributes to an easy and practical way of reducing noise pollution.

24. Put Pressure on the Relevant City or Governing Authorities to Introduce Noise Regulation Policies

Governing and city authorities hold the power to introduce policies that can help reduce noise pollution. The laws should limit the amount of noise in public and private places to cut noise pollution.

The policies can also be integrated into transportation network construction and activities such as low-noise road surfaces, low-noise tracks, redesigning street spaces, enforcing speed limits, and reducing traffic volume.

25. Do Regular Checking of Noise Levels

Keeping the noise level within the limit requires frequent verification of noise level in an industrial complex and indoor. Therefore see to it that regular checking of noise level is done.

26. Notify Authority for Breaking Noise Rules

You can notify government agencies if someone in a neighbor is not following rules and regulations regarding noise levels and also not maintaining the noise limit set by the city authority.

27. The Use of Calming Green Waves

These are the highway and noisy areas (such as airports, train stations, and industries) sound insulation measures that can help absorb the huge sounds produced by the operating machines.
References: Noise Pollution From Roads How To protect From Noise Pollution Noise Pollution
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25+ Easy and Practical Ways to Reduce Noise Pollution at Home or Offices - Conserve Energy Future

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Noise pollution refers to an undesirable sound or sound which generates horrible discomfort on the ears. It is measured in decibels (dB) and sound levels beyond 100 dB can cause permanent hearing loss.

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We are going to do a project that can provide solutions

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Mitigation measures for noise pollution begin from self-awareness and the tasks each individual can perform. They aim in containing, absorbing, and canceling the sources of unwanted noise. HelpSaveNature takes a look at such remedies that have been implemented.

According to the Environmental Protection Agency of United States, approximately 5 million children suffer from Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL).

Noise pollution in simple terms can be defined as the generation of more-than-tolerable and displeasing sound in the environment affecting its components. Among the various sources of this type of pollution, automobiles, aircraft and other transport systems contribute the maximum sound production. Other noise pollution causes include industrial machinery, office equipment, vehicular horns, car alarms, sirens, bursting of firecrackers, and audio speakers.

Excess noise has a major impact on humans and animals, affecting them in their behavioral and physiological health. Living in a noisy neighborhood or visiting discotheques frequently leads to stress, restlessness, sleep disorders, and hearing loss in humans. Prolonged exposure to excessive noise exacerbates hypertension and cardiovascular symptoms. Considering these noise pollution effects on human health, it is high time that we should enforce noise pollution solutions.

Remedial Measures for Noise Pollution

Unlike the other types of environmental problems such as air and water pollution, noise or sound is transient or short-lived. Compared to other pollutions, reduction and control of pollution cause due to noise is considered subjective and tough to monitor. Nonetheless, it is still an achievable target. The following is a list of various ways that will help you combat this form of pollution.
Analysis of Domestic Sound Levels
In order to put a check on the decibels, one should start by monitoring the noise levels at one's house. Usage of equipment that we use on daily basis such as washing machines, mixers and grinders, vacuum cleaner, radio, television and the like can be operated on a minimal level, thereby cutting down on disruptive sound generation.
Automobile Servicing
As mentioned already, automobiles account to the highest production of noise. Regular servicing of the vehicles is an effectual measure to lower the intensity of sound produced by them. If the silencers of vehicles are maintained at regular intervals, the amount of production of noise reduces at a faster rate.
Machine-Quality Maintenance
Similar to vehicles, the quality of machines should be optimized, so as to reduce sound production. Sound reaches an alarming and potentially threatening stage beyond 80 decibels. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), more than 30 million Americans are exposed to noise pollution at workplaces. Lubrication of the machinery and servicing should be done to minimize noise generation. This also helps in improving the shelf life of the machine. Production of hybrid and electric cars can also aid in lowering the noise levels.
Soundproofing Buildings and Houses
Soundproof doors and windows can be installed to block unwanted noise from outside. The design of your house or building can be incorporated with noise absorbing materials available in the market. These soundproofing options are of utmost importance for complete relaxation, especially if you are staying in a crowded city area.

Sound masking, an exact opposite implementation of soundproofing, helps 'mask' the already existing noise by using the method of active addition of noise. This active addition overlaps or masks the troublesome surrounding noise and thus results in a peaceful environment. Various apartments, offices, restaurants, and hotels have implemented this technique using devices such as the white noise machine, to drown out the disturbing noise levels in the surrounding areas.
Tree Plantation
Planting bushes and trees in and around sound generating sources is another effective solution for noise pollution. Dense shrubs and trees block sound passage, thus avoiding disturbance to the surrounding areas. This greenbelt development is among one of the statutory ordinances that have to be followed by industries wherein they have to develop a green cover that is 4 times the amount of pollution generated, which includes excessive noise.
Prohibition of Loudspeakers
Using loudspeaker in public areas is another major cause of noise pollution. This should be banned at any cost for the welfare of the people. Strict laws should be imposed against those who violate and play loudspeakers in crowded areas and public places.
Factory Location
Industries, especially the ones involving manufacturing of products that generate a large amount of sound generation, should be set up in the outskirts of a city and away from its permissible sound limits. Installation of sound detectors and buffers will help in analyzing the sound frequencies on a regular basis.

Along with the aforementioned measures, the government or the city council have implemented certain measures in terms of long term planning and development of the city. Thus it is our responsibility to abide by the enforced rules and regulations which will aid in bringing down the pollution levels to a large extent.

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7 Corrective Solutions That'll Help Combat Noise Pollution

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Mitigation measures for noise pollution begin from self-awareness and the tasks each individual can perform. They aim in containing, absorbing, and canceling the sources of unwanted noise. HelpSaveNature takes a look at such remedies that have been implemented. According to the Environmental Protection Agency of United States, approximately 5 million children suffer from Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL).

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Let's organize ourselves to do a good job

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Noise pollution is an invisible danger. It cannot be seen, but it is present nonetheless, both on land and under the sea. Noise pollution is considered to be any unwanted or disturbing sound that affects the health and well-being of humans and other organisms.

Sound is measured in decibels. There are many sounds in the environment, from rustling leaves (20 to 30 decibels) to a thunderclap (120 decibels) to the wail of a siren (120 to 140 decibels). Sounds that reach 85 decibels or higher can harm a person's ears. Sound sources that exceed this threshold include familiar things, such as power lawn mowers (90 decibels), subway trains (90 to 115 decibels), and loud rock concerts (110 to 120 decibels).

Noise pollution impacts millions of people on a daily basis. The most common health problem it causes is Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). Exposure to loud noise can also cause high blood pressure, heart disease, sleep disturbances, and stress. These health problems can affect all age groups, especially children. Many children who live near noisy airports or streets have been found to suffer from stress and other problems, such as impairments in memory, attention level, and reading skill.

Noise pollution also impacts the health and well-being of wildlife. Studies have shown that loud noises can cause caterpillars' dorsal vessels (the insect equivalent of a heart) to beat faster, and cause bluebirds to have fewer chicks. Animals use sound for a variety of reasons, including to navigate, find food, attract mates, and avoid predators. Noise pollution makes it difficult for them to accomplish these tasks, which affects their ability survive.

Increasing noise is not only affecting animals on land, it is also a growing problem for those that live in the ocean. Ships, oil drills, sonar devices, and seismic tests have made the once tranquil marine environment loud and chaotic. Whales and dolphins are particularly impacted by noise pollution. These marine mammals rely on echolocation to communicate, navigate, feed, and find mates, and excess noise interferes with their ability to effectively echolocate.

Some of the loudest underwater noise comes from naval sonar devices. Sonar, like echolocation, works by sending pulses of sound down into the depths of the ocean to bounce off an object and return an echo to the ship, which indicates a location for object. Sonar sounds can be as loud as 235 decibels and travel hundreds of miles under water, interfering with whales' ability to use echolocation. Research has shown that sonar can cause mass strandings of whales on beaches and alter the feeding behavior of endangered blue whales ( Balaenoptera musculus). Environmental groups are urging the U.S. Navy to stop or reduce using sonar for military training.

Seismic surveys also produce loud blasts of sound within the ocean. Ships looking for deep-sea oil or gas deposits tow devices called air guns and shoot pulses of sound down to the ocean floor. The sound blasts can damage the ears of marine animals and cause serious injury. Scientists believe this noise may also be contributing to the altered behavior of whales.

Among those researching the effects of noise pollution is Michel Andre, a bioacoustics researcher in Spain who is recording ocean sounds using instruments called hydrophones. His project, LIDO (Listening to the Deep Ocean Environment), collects data at 22 different locations. Back in the lab, computers identify the sounds of human activities as well as 26 species of whales and dolphins. The analysis aims to determine the effects that underwater noise is having on these animals. Andre hopes his project will find ways to protect marine animals from the dangers of ocean noise.

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Noise pollution can cause health problems for people and wildlife, both on land and in the sea. From traffic noise to rock concerts, loud or inescapable sounds can cause hearing loss, stress, and high blood pressure. Noise from ships and human activities in the ocean is harmful to whales and dolphins that depend on echolocation to survive.

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La contaminación acústica es producida por los ruidos excesivamente fuertes o más suaves pero soportados por largo tiempo. Se define ruido como "sonido no deseado", se percibe como un estresante y una molestia ambiental. Los efectos no auditivos del ruido se pueden definir como "todos aquellos efectos sobre la salud y el bienestar causados ​​por la exposición al ruido, con exclusión de los efectos sobre el órgano auditivo y los efectos que son debido al enmascaramiento de la información auditiva (es decir, problemas de comunicación). Este exceso de ruido se conoce como contaminación auditiva.

La exposición al ruido continuo de 85-90 dBA, especialmente durante toda la vida en entornos industriales, puede provocar una pérdida auditiva progresiva, con un aumento en el umbral de la sensibilidad auditiva. Las alteraciones auditivas debidas al ruido son una consecuencia directa de los efectos de la energía del sonido en el oído interno. Sin embargo, los niveles de ruido ambiental, a diferencia del ruido industrial, son mucho más bajos y los efectos sobre la salud no auditiva no pueden explicarse como una consecuencia de la energía sonora.

El ruido altera las actividades y la comunicación, causando molestia. En algunos casos, la molestia puede llevar a respuestas de estrés, luego a síntomas y posiblemente a enfermedades. Alternativamente, el ruido puede influir en la salud directamente y no a través de la molestia. La respuesta al ruido puede depender de las características del sonido, incluida la intensidad, la frecuencia, la complejidad del sonido, la duración y el significado del ruido.

Efectos de la contaminación acústica en las personas

Ruido y trastornos del sueño

Hay evidencia objetiva y subjetiva para la alteración del sueño por la contaminación acústica, también conocida como contaminación auditva o sonora. La exposición al ruido perturba el sueño proporcional a la cantidad de ruido experimentado en términos de una mayor tasa de cambios en las etapas del sueño y en el número de despertares. La habituación ocurre con un mayor número de exposiciones al sonido por la noche y durante las noches. Sin embargo, un estudio de laboratorio no encontró habituación durante 14 noches de exposición al ruido a la máxima exposición al nivel de ruido. Es probable que se produzca una alteración del sueño objetiva si hay más de 50 eventos de ruido por noche con un nivel máximo de 50 dBA en interiores o más. De hecho, existe una baja asociación entre los niveles de ruido en el exterior y las alteraciones del sueño.

Exposición al ruido y disminución del rendimiento

Existe buena evidencia, en gran medida de estudios de laboratorio, de que la exposición al ruido afecta el rendimiento. El rendimiento puede verse afectado si se reproduce el habla mientras un sujeto lee y recuerda el material verbal, aunque este efecto no se encuentra con el ruido sin habla. Los efectos del "habla irrelevante" son independientes de la intensidad y el significado del discurso. La susceptibilidad de las tareas mentales complejas a la interrupción por el "habla irrelevante" sugiere que la lectura, con su dependencia de la memoria, también puede verse afectada.

Respuestas fisiológicas a la exposición al ruido

La exposición al ruido provoca una serie de respuestas fisiológicas predecibles a corto plazo mediadas por el sistema nervioso autónomo. La exposición al ruido provoca una activación fisiológica que incluye aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca y la presión sanguínea, vasoconstricción periférica y, por lo tanto, aumento de la resistencia vascular periférica. Hay una habituación rápida a la exposición breve al ruido, pero la habituación al ruido prolongado es menos segura.

Ruido y alta presión sanguínea

La evidencia más fuerte del efecto del ruido en el sistema cardiovascular proviene de los estudios de presión arterial en entornos ocupacionales. Muchos estudios ocupacionales han sugerido que las personas expuestas crónicamente a ruido continuo a niveles de al menos 85 dB tienen una presión sanguínea más alta que aquellas que no están expuestas al ruido. En muchos de estos estudios, la exposición al ruido también ha sido un indicador de la exposición a otros factores, tanto físicos como psicosociales, que también están asociados con la presión arterial alta. A menos que se controlen estos otros factores de riesgo, pueden surgir asociaciones falsas entre el ruido y la presión arterial. Un reciente estudio pionero de ruido industrial ha mostrado que los niveles de ruido predijeron la presión sistólica y diastólica en aquellos que realizan trabajos complejos pero no simples, y predice un mayor riesgo de mortalidad. La exposición profesional al ruido también se ha relacionado recientemente con un mayor riesgo de muerte por lesiones en vehículos de motor.

Ruido y enfermedades cardiovasculares

En un estudio realizado, la exposición al ruido de las aeronaves en el aeropuerto de Schiphol, en Ámsterdam, se relacionó con más tratamientos médicos para problemas cardíacos e hipertensión, más uso de drogas cardiovasculares y presión arterial alta, incluso en distintas edades, sexo, tabaquismo, altura / peso y diferencias socioeconómicas. La evidencia de los efectos del ruido en los factores de riesgo coronarios no ha sido especialmente consistente: los efectos del ruido se han demostrado en la presión arterial sistólica (pero no en la presión diastólica), colesterol total, triglicéridos totales20, viscosidad sanguínea, recuento de plaquetas y nivel de glucosa. Sin embargo, un estudio sueco reciente encontró que la prevalencia de hipertensión era más alta entre las personas expuestas a niveles de ruido promedios de energía de aviones de por lo menos 55 dBA o niveles máximos superiores a 72 dBA alrededor del aeropuerto de Arlanda, Stockholm. En resumen, existe evidencia de estudios comunitarios de que el ruido ambiental está relacionado con la hipertensión y también hay evidencia de que el ruido ambiental puede ser un factor de riesgo menor para la enfermedad coronaria.

Ruido y trastorno psiquiátrico

Se ha postulado que la exposición al ruido crea molestia que luego conduce a efectos psicológicos más serios. Esta vía permanece sin confirmar; más bien parece que el ruido causa molestia e, independientemente, la mala salud mental también aumenta la molestia. Un modelo más complejo incorpora la interacción entre la persona y su entorno. En este modelo, la persona reajusta su comportamiento en condiciones ruidosas para reducir la exposición. Una adición importante es la inclusión de la evaluación del ruido (en términos de peligro, pérdida de calidad ambiental, significado del ruido, desafíos para el control ambiental, etc.) y afrontamiento (la capacidad de alterar el comportamiento para enfrentar el factor estresante). Este modelo enfatiza que lidiar con el ruido no es un proceso pasivo

Ruido y efectos no auditivos en la salud de los niños

Es probable que los niños representen un grupo que es particularmente vulnerable a los efectos no auditivos del ruido en la salud. Tienen menos capacidad cognitiva para comprender y anticipar los factores estresantes y carecen de estrategias de afrontamiento bien desarrolladas. Además, en vista del hecho de que los niños aún se están desarrollando física y cognitivamente, existe un posible riesgo de que la exposición a un factor estresante ambiental como el ruido pueda tener consecuencias negativas irreversibles para este grupo.

Disminución de la Motivación

Varios estudios han identificado una asociación entre la exposición crónica al ruido de los aviones y la disminución de la motivación. Los resultados, sin embargo, no son consistentes. En el estudio del aeropuerto de Los Ángeles, los niños expuestos al ruido crónico de los aviones tenían menos probabilidades de resolver un rompecabezas difícil que implicaba una experiencia de éxito o fracaso y tenían más probabilidades de darse por vencidos. En un seguimiento 1 año después, se repitió el hallazgo de que los niños expuestos al ruido tenían menos probabilidades de resolver un rompecabezas difícil, pero el hallazgo de que los mismos niños tienen más probabilidades de abandonar un rompecabezas difícil no lo fue. En el estudio de Munich, los niños expuestos al ruido renunciaron a un rompecabezas insoluble más rápidamente que sus contrapartes no expuestas al ruido

Alteración endocrina

El Estudio del Aeropuerto de Munich examinó los niveles de catecolaminas urinarias durante la noche, en reposo (adrenalina y noradrenalina). En el estudio transversal en el antiguo aeropuerto, los niveles endocrinos fueron significativamente más altos en los niños expuestos al ruido, lo que indica niveles elevados de estrés. Los datos revelan un fuerte aumento en los niveles de catecolaminas en los niños expuestos al ruido después de la apertura del nuevo aeropuerto. Los niveles de cortisol también se examinaron, pero no se observaron diferencias significativas en los datos.

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Contaminación AUDITIVA: ¿Qué es? Causas y efectos sobre la salud

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La contaminación acústica es producida por los ruidos excesivamente fuertes o más suaves pero soportados por largo tiempo. Se define ruido como "sonido no deseado", se percibe como un estresante y una molestia ambiental.

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