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symbol: S

Molar atomic mass: 32 g mol-1

Properties of the simple substance sulphur:
Yellow solid, electric isolator
Tm = 113˚ C                 Te = 445˚ C

* reacts with dihydrogen
* ignites in dioxygen
* reacts with difluorine, dibromine and dichlorine
* reacts with most of the metals and with phosphorus, arsenic and carbon

Formulae of composed substances:
SO2 – SO3 – H2S

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symbol: Cl

Molar atomic mass: 35,5 g mol-1

Properties of the simple substance chlorine:
Greenish gas, little soluble in water
Tm = -101˚ C                 Te = -34,6˚ C

* reacts violently with dihydrogen
* reacts with metals Na, Ca, Al, except for gold and platinum
* reacts with white phosphorus
* arsenic combusts spontaneously with incandescence in dichlorine

Formulae of composed substances:
NaCl – HCl

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symbol: Br

Molar atomic mass: 80 g mol-1

Properties of the simple substance dibromine:
Volatile liquid of a dark red colour
Tm = 7,2˚ C               Te = 58,8˚ C

* reacts with dihydrogen
* reacts with metals: Na, Ca, Al, …
* reacts with white phosphorus

Formulae of composed substances:
NaBr – HBr

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symbol: M

Molar atomic mass: 24 g mol-1

Properties of the simple substance magnesium:
Silver-white metal, formable and ductile
Tm = 651˚ C                 Te = 1107˚ C

* combusts in dioxygen with a loud flash
* reacts with hydrochloric (muriatic) acid and sulphuric acid forming dihydrogen
* reacts with dichlorine

Formulae of composed substances:
MgCl2 – MgO

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symbol: Be

Molar atomic mass: 9 g mol-1

Properties of the simple substance beryllium:
Shiny white metal, little dense
Tm = 1278˚ C               Te = 2970˚ C

* oxidises in air with an intense luminous phenomenon
* reacts easily with hydrochloric (muriatic) acid and sulphuric acid releasing dihydrogen
* reacts with concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide

Formulae of composed substances:
BeCl2 – BeO

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symbol: B

Molar atomic mass: 11 g mol-1

Properties of the simple substance boron:
Black, light and very hard solid; poor conductor of heat; semi-conductor of electricity
Tm = 2079˚ C                 Te = 2550˚ C

* oxidizes in high temperature
* reacts with boiling nitric acid and sulphuric acid
* in warm and separated, reacts with dichlorine

Formulae of composed substances:
B2O3 – B2H6 – BCl3

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symbol: Li

Molar atomic mass: 7 g mol-1

Properties of the simple substance lithium:
Silver-white metal, formable and soft. The lightest of metals: floats on oil.
Tm = 180˚ C               Te = 1342˚ C

* reacts in cold with water forming dihydrogen
* does not react with dry dioxygen under 100˚ C
* reacts with different acids forming dihydrogen
* reacts with dichlorine

Formulae of composed substances:
LiH – LiCl – Li2O

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symbol: H

Molar atomic mass: 1 g mol-1

Properties of the simple substance hydrogen:
The lightest of gases, difficult to liquefy, very little soluble in water
Tm = -260˚ C               Te = -253˚ C

* can react explosively with dioxygen
* reacts with dichlorine, sulphur, nitrogen, carbon
* reacts with metallic oxides like CuO and non-metallic oxides like SO2

Formulae of composed substances:
H2O – CH4 – HCl

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symbol: K

Molar atomic mass: 39 g mol-1

Properties of the simple substance potassium:
Silver-white metal, soft like wax in normal temperature, small density
Tm = 63,6˚ C                Te = 760˚ C

* oxidizes quickly in air
* reacts energetically with water forming dihydrogen
* reacts with chloride

Formulae of composed substances:
K2O – KCl

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symbol: Al

Molar atomic mass: 27 g mol-1

Properties of the simple substance aluminium:
White metal – good conductor of heat and electricity
Tm = 660˚ C                 Te = 2467˚ C

* oxidizes in air
* reacts easily with hydrochloric (muriatic) acid and slowly with diluted sulphuric acid forming dihydrogen
* reacts with dichlorine

Formulae of composed substances:
AlCl3 – AlH3 – Al2O3