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tendon injuries

https://padlet.com/angelaortega2002/8d7sertamja5

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Tendon Separation
Is when the muscle that is attached to the bone and then liggament breaks.

-Causes:
•Cause of the age, as how you get older you recive less blood the tendons recive less blood too
•Cause of the steroids
•Cause of a contraction in the opposite direction

-Symptons:
•Redness
•Pain
•Weakness
•Swelling near the injured tendon

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RUBÉN LADERO 3ºDYour ligaments are tough, elastic-like bands that connect bone to bone and hold your joints in place. A sprain is an injury to a ligament caused by excessive stretching. The ligament can have a partial tear, or it can be completely torn apart.

TREATMENT OF LIGAMENTS INJURIES.
-Protect the injured limb from further injury by not using the joint.
-Rest the injured limb. But don't avoid all activity.
-Ice the area. Try to ice the area as soon as possible after the injury and continue to ice it for 10 to 15 minutes four times a day for 48 hours.
-Compress the area with an elastic wrap or bandage.
-  Elevate the injured limb above your heart whenever possible to help prevent or limit swelling.

SYMPTOMS OF LIGAMENTS INJURIES.

A snap.
An intense pain in the area.
Difficulty when trying to support the leg, even being unable to use it to move.
Instability of the knee joint.
Some instability in the march.

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Periostitis or shin splints is a name often given to any pain at the front of the lower leg.
Some symptoms are:
-Pain over the inside lower half of the shin.
-Pain at the start of exercise and it last to the end.
-Pain after activity and may be at it's worse the next morning.
-Sometimes som swelling, lumps and bumps.
-A redness over the inside of the shin (not always).
What can an athlete do about shin splints?
-Rest to allow the injury to heal.
-Aplly ice or cold therapy in the early stages.
-Strech the muscles of the lower leg. Wear shocks absorbing insoles in shoes.
-Do some excersice such as swimming, cycling or running in wáter.
-Apply heat and use a heat retainer or shin and calf support after the initial acute stage and particularly before training.

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Luxation

It’s a joint injury in which bone endings slide out of their normal position. This injury deforms and immobilizes the joint and it can produce hard pain.

Symptoms

·         Deformation

·         Hard Pain

·         Swelling

·         Immobilization

·         Prickly feeling

Treatment

·         Reduction: The doctor tries to place the bones by making soft massage. Perhaps it’ll be necessary to anaesthetise.

·         Immobilization: Put a splint during a few weeks.

·         Medicine: To reduce pain.

·         Surgery: If blood vessels are damaged, if the doctor can’t place the bones or if there have been too many dislocations before.

·         Rehabilitation: After moving away the splint to recover joint mobility.

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FRACTURE by CARLOS CASTAÑO DÍAZ  3ºB                                                                                                        

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FRACTURE by CARLOS CASTAÑO DÍAZ  3ºB                                                                                                        

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A fracture is a slight breaking of a bone. It occurs when we apply a lot of force on the bone and we break it.
Types of fracture:
- Simple fracture
- Stress
- Comminuted fracture
- Impacted fracture
- Compound fracture
- Complete fracture
- Incomplete fracture

SYMPTOMS
- Sweeling of the area
- Inability of the area
- Deformity of the limb
- Bruising of the area
- Severe pain

TREATMENTS
-Use of splints or cast
-Rest to heal the fractured bone
-Medication
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Elena García-Abadillo Valencia 3ºD
It is a pain at the front parto of the lower leg. This injury is very common in impact sports. Shin splints are one of the most common causes of overuse leg injuries are also known as medial tibial stress syndrome

SYMPTOMS

Pain inside the leg

Pain when doing exercise

The pain returns after doing exercise

Swelling

Lumps and bumps

Redness

Weakness

CAUSES

Excessive amounts of force

Stress reactions to bone fractures

An anatomical abnormality (such as flat foot syndrome)

Muscle weakness in the thighs or buttocks

Lack of flexibility

Improper training techniques

Running downhill

Running on a slanted surface or uneven terrain

Using inappropriate shoes for running or working out

Participating in sports that have fast stops and starts

TREATMENT

Rest to heal

Apply ice in early stages

Take anti-inflammatory painkillers

Wear shock absorbing insoles

do exercise, but non weight bearing exercises

Use a neoprene sleeve

Go to physical therapy

If you have a severe stress fracture that causes your shin splints it will need surgery.
Here is a paque in with there are some videos about how to prevent shin splints:
http://www.runnersworld.com/the-body-shop/4-exercises-to-prevent-shin-splints

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DENITSA MIHAYLOVA DENEVA 3B

A muscular strain or muscle pull implies damage to a muscle

or its attaching tendons. Strains can happened in any muscle but they’re most common in your lower back, neck and shoulder.

Symptoms:

Swelling

bruising or redness

Pain at rest

Weakness

Inability to use it

Causes:

not warming up properly before physical activity

jump, run

throw something

lift something heavy

Treatment:

take aspirin and ibuprofen

PRICE formula

The next two or three days you have to be more carefuly for not break it again because is more unstable.

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Carmelo Jesús Santos Olmo Galindo
TENDONITIS

Tendonitis is the inflammation of a tendon caused by irritation due to prolonged or abnormal use. The Achilles tendon is a common site where tendonitis occurs.

Most tendonitis can be avoid with proper warm-up exercises, rest, and gradual increase in physical activity:

Symptoms of tendonitis:

Pain or tenderness on the tendon near or around a joint.

Stiffness and pain on the tendon, which restricts movement.

Occasionally, mild swelling, numbness, or a tingling sensation at the joint.

Treatment of tendonitis:

Rest.

Cold and heat therapy

Casts and splints.

A doctor may also prescribe oral medication for inflammation and pain
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PILAR MARTÍN GÓMEZ 3B
A bone injury is a break in the bone, is knwon as fracture.
DIFFERENT FORMS OF FRACTURES:
You can have a simple fracture, comminuted fracture, impacted fracture, compound fracture, complete fracture and incomplete fracture.
SYMPTOMS OF FRACTURE:
-Swelling of the affected area.
-Inability to carry out functions of the injured area.
-Deformity of limb.
-Bruising around the affected area.
TREATMENTS OF FRACTURE:
-Use splint or cast for ensuring immobilization.
-Realigning the bone with help of surgery.
-Rehabilitation is conducted as preventive measure against stiffness.

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Bone Fracture - Types, Fracture Repair and Osteomyelitis

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Sebastián Sevilla Jaime 3D Sections
-One of the most common knee injuries is an anterior cruciate ligament sprain or tear.
-The ACL prevents the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur.
-Athletes who participate in high demand sports like soccer, football, and basketball are more likely to injure their anterior cruciate ligaments.
-If you have injured your anterior cruciate ligament, you may require surgery to regain full function of your knee. This will depend on several factors, such as the severity of your injury and your activity level.

SYMPTOMS
-Pain with swelling.
-Loss of full range of motion.
-Tenderness along the joint line.
-Discomfort while walking.

TREATMENT
-First aid to reduce swelling and pain. This may include resting the knee, applying ice, using gentle compression with an elastic bandage, elevating the leg, and taking pain medicines, such as acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
-Using crutches and/or splints in the first few days. If crutches or splints are used for too long, the muscles will become weaker from too little activity. Then movement of the knee will become stiff and restricted.
-Strength and motion exercises to help prepare you for treatment.

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MARÍA JOSÉ OBREGÓN LARA 3ºB
A muscle strain, or pulled muscle, occurs when your muscle is overstretched or torn. This usually occurs as a result of fatigue, overuse, or improper use of a muscle. Strains can happen in any muscle, but they’re most common in your lower back, neck, shoulder, and hamstring, which is the muscle behind your thigh.

SYMPTOMS OF MUSCLE STRAINS

·         sudden onset of pain

·         soreness

·         limited range of movement

·         bruising or discoloration

·         swelling

·         muscle spasms

·         stiffness

·         weakness

CAUSES OF MUSCLE STRAINS

not warming up properly before physical activity

poor flexibility

poor conditioning

overexertion and fatigue

TREATMENT
Treatment options vary depending on the severity of your strain or tear.

Apply ice immediately after injuring your muscle.

Elevate the region if it is swollen.

If it’s painful to walk you should be using crutches.

Reduce your training to a level where you feel no pain.

REST

Avoid using your muscle for a few days, especially if movement causes an increase in pain. Too much rest can cause muscles to become weak, which can prolong the healing process. After two days, slowly begin using the affected muscle group, taking care not to overdo   This will minimize swelling.

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MUSCULAR INJURIES

It occurs when your muscle is overstretched or torn. This usually occurs as a result of fatigue, overuse, or improper use of a muscle.
Strains can happen in any muscle, but they’re most common in your lower back, neck, shoulder and hamstring.

Quadriceps muscular injuries

The quadriceps is a group of four muscles on the front of the upper thigh.

A quadriceps strain involves a partial or complete tear of the one of those four muscles or their tendons when they're stretched beyond their normal limits.

Symptoms:

1.  Pain when flexing, stretching, or using the thigh muscles to move.

2.  Muscle spasms

3.  Swelling

4.  Bruising on the front of thigh if blood vessels are broken.

5.  Loss of leg strength.

6.  Crackling sensation when you push your fingers on the injured area.

Treatment

1. Rest, and avoid activities that require lower leg strength and power.

2.  Apply ice or cold packs for 15-20 minutes, three to four times a day for the first 48-72 hours.

3.  Apply moist heat after the first 48-72 hours for 15-20 minutes, three to four times a day.

4.  Use an elastic wrap or bandage around the area to minimize swelling.

5. Use a pillow or cushion to elevate the affected leg as much as possible during the day and while sleeping at night.

6.  Aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and naproxen may relieve pain.

Here we have a video of quadriceps muscular injuries and it’s treatments https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCEwzOqnT2Y

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Cristina Delgado Ladero
A tendon rupture can be a serious problem and may result in excruciating pain and permanent disability if untreated.
Four of the most common areas of tendon rupture:

Quadriceps

Achilles

Rotator cruff

Biceps

Symptoms:

Some of the most common symptoms are:
Pain, tenderness, redness, warmth, and/or swelling near the injured tendon.
Pain and stiffness that may be worse during the night or when getting up in the morning.
Causes:

Direct trauma.

Advanced age: As we age, our blood supply decreases. This decreased blood supply to the tendon results in weakness of the affected tendon.

Eccentric loading: When your muscle contracts while it is being stretched in the opposite direction, increased stress is placed on the involved tendon.

Steroid injection into tendon: This treatment is sometimes used for severe tendonitis.

Medications: Quinolone antibiotics, including ciprofloxin and levofloxin, have been associated with tendon ruptures.

Treatment:

Initial treatment for a tendon injury typically includes rest and pain relievers.

If you are still having pain, stiffness, and weakness after initial treatment, your doctor may recommend some type of physical therapy.

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Fiber breakage in quadriceps.
The breakage of the quadriceps is a partial or total breakdown of muscle fibers. Not only the muscle fibers are affected, also everything around it like the connective tissue that surrounds the blood vessels.
The most common symptoms of fibrillar rupture are:
-A poor effort or muscle fatigue resulting from overexertion.
-Sedentary, sedentary people have the muscle fibers most exposed to a tear.
-Traumatisms, mainly in contact sports.
-Malnutrition or poor nutrition weakens the contractile capacity of muscle fibers
-Poor blood circulation

Treatmest for Fibrillar rupture in quadriceps
-ICE, elevation, Active Mobilization, Hyperthermia.
-Painless stretches, isotonic potentiation and functional exercises.
-Isocinetic trainning.

Here we have an image of a Fiber Breakage in the quadriceps muscle:

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Example JUAN NIETO GUERRERO
Break in the bone is known as fracture. Fracture is one of the most common injury most of the people get at least once during their lifetime. Age factor plays great role in fractures. Severity and possibility of fractures is noticed more in the aged people.
Symptoms of Fracture:

Following are some of the common symptoms of any fracture:

Swelling of the affected area

Inability to carry out functions of the injured area

Deformity of limb.

Bruising around the affected area.

Treatments for Fracture:

Use of splint or cast for ensuring immobilization

Realigning the bone with the help of surgery known as open reduction.

Rehabilitation is conducted as preventive measure against stiffness.