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What was learned:
Though we had already learned about the cell cycle when we did this lab, we learned through hands on experience, how long the cell takes in each phase of the cell cycle. We learned that interphase took the longest amount of time.

What questions remain:
-How does our data for onion root cells compare to that of other organisms?
-How do cancer cells differ?

How did I perform:
I believe that I performed well in this particular lab. It was something that was really interesting for me. I was able to determine the phases of the cells pretty accurately, but I am sure I had a few mistakes when determining between interphase and prophase. I was able to connect our class data to the actual cell cycle, and understood why our data came out to be what it was.

How did my group perform:
I think my partner, Jessica, and I worked really well together. We were able to help each other out, and we worked quickly and efficiently. We ran into some problems with the microscope and getting it to focus properly, but together, we were able to fix them.

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We concluded after gathering all of our data for this lab that the cell spent a majority of the time in interphase, about 90 percent of the time in prophase, and the rest of the time divided pretty equally among metaphase, anaphase and telophase. My hypothesis was mostly correct, but I did not anticipate prophase taking more time than anaphase, metaphase and telophase. This makes sense, as during interphase, the cell needs to grow to a sufficient size, has two checkpoints in order to make sure that the cell is growing and synthesizing DNA properly, and needs to synthesize all of its DNA and condense the chromatin into chromosomes. It makes sense that prophase would take a little longer, because the nuclear envelope needs to break down and the chromosomes need to finish forming. To tie this to real life research, this data can be used to determine how a normal cell grows and divides, and compare it to cancer cells, or cells of a different organism. For the cancer cells, since cancer cells are abnormal cells that go through interphase quicker than in regular cells, since usually the checkpoints do not function, we can compare the results of a normal cell to a cancer cell to determine what a cancer cell does differently, or to simply determine if a cell is a cancer cell. The cell cycles also varies from organism to organism, so researchers can use this data to find out why this happens, and what exactly is different.

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Cell Cycle: We found all of the phases of the cell cycle in our data, showing that the cell cycle is a continuous process that a cell always follows step by step.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1dRPyb6QCus

Interphase takes the longest: Our data told us that interphase takes the longest when cells are dividing. This makes sense because a lot goes on when cells are in interphase. The cell has to duplicate its genetic material, form chromosomes, and grow. Also, it needs to go through checkpoints to make sure it is running properly before it divides.

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Visual: The Onion Root Tip Under a Microscope

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Visual: The Onion Root Tip Under a Microscope

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-Sometimes, it was extremely difficult to distinguish if a cell was in prophase or interphase, and also if a cell was in anaphase or in telophase.
-The cells in the middle on the root looked larger and more distinguishable than those at the very tip of the root.
-The blue dye made it much easier to distinguish the individual cells.

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Onion Root Microscope Slides
Microscope
Lab Notebooks (To record data)

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We each had microscope slides with a sample of an onion root. We examined this under a microscope to determine how many cells were in each phase of mitosis and interphase and took our data in our lab notebooks. Basically, one person would be looking through the microscope, going from cell to cell and informing the other person, their partner, what phase they believe the cell is in through its physical characteristics.

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It is hard to make a hypothesis for exactly what time each cell takes in each phase, but I hypothesized from what we had learned previously that it will take the most amount of time in interphase, and spend the rest of the time equally divided between the phases of mitosis.

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How much time does an onion cell spend in each phase of mitosis?

We had two assumptions:
1. The total time for an onion to go through the entire cell cycle was 720 minutes.
2. The number of cells seen in each phase of mitosis is proportional to time.