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Pictorialism as a movement thrived from about 1885 to 1915, although it was still being promoted by some as late as the 1940s. It began in response to claims that a photograph was nothing more than a simple record of reality, and transformed into an international movement to advance the status of all photography as a true art form. For more than three decades painters, photographers and art critics debated opposing artistic philosophies, ultimately culminating in the acquisition of photographs by several major art museums.
Peter Henry Emerson

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Our top 10 favorite types of photography.

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Our top 10 favorite types of photography.

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1. Architectural Photography
2. Photojournalism
3. Landscape Photography
4. Wildlife Photography
5. Naturalistic Photography
6. Social Documentation
7. Pictorialism
8. Sports Photography
9. Street/Candid Photography
10. Photo Secession

watchmojo.com

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From the earliest days of the medium, landscape, architecture, and monuments were appealing subjects for photographers. This sort of photography, which was collected by artists, scientists, and travelers, was impelled by several factors. In Europe one powerful factor was the maneuverings among western European powers for control of portions of North Africa and Asia. From the late 1850s through the 1870s, British photographers were particularly active in recording the natural landscape and monuments of the empire’s domains: Francis Frith worked in Egypt and Asia Minor, producing three albums of well-composed images; Samuel Bourne photographed throughout India (with a retinue of equipment bearers); John Thomson produced a descriptive record of life and landscape in China; and French photographer Maxime Du Camp traveled to Egypt with Gustave Flaubert on a government commission to record landscape and monuments.

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the art or practice of communicating news by photographs, especially in magazines.

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The simple beginnings of documentary photography can be found in the work of the British photographer Philip Delamotte (1821-89), who was among the first artists to use photography as a means of recording important events - such as the disassembly of Crystal Palace - following the invention of calotype photography. Documentary photography is used till this day and revolutionized throughout time.
Philip Jones Griffiths

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the art of creating portraits.

Francoise Nielly

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The first permanent photograph, View from the Window at Le Gras by Nicéphore Niépce, was also the first architectural photograph as it was a view of buildings. Similarly, photographs taken by early photographer William Henry Fox Talbot were of architecture, including his photograph of a Latticed window in Lacock Abbey taken in 1835. This type of photography continues to be active till this day.
Iwan Baan

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Social documentary photography or concerned photography is the recording of how the world looks like, with a social and/or environmental focus. It is a form of documentary photography, with the aim to draw the public's attention to ongoing social issues. It may also refer to a socially critical genre of photography dedicated to showing the life of underprivileged or disadvantaged people.
Dorothea Lange

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In the early days of photography, it was difficult to get a photograph of wildlife due to slow lenses and the low sensitivity of photographic media. In fact, it was not until 1906 that National Geographic published its first wildlife photos. The photos were taken by George Shiras III, a U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania. Some of his photos were taken with the first wire-tripped camera traps.

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light, tones and textures of nature

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In 1838 or 1839 the first photograph of figures in the street was recorded by Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre in one of a pair of daguerreotype views taken from his studio window of the Boulevard du Temple in Paris. Street photography is practiced to this day.
Josef Kloudelka

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Pictorialism is the name given to an international style and aesthetic movement that dominated photography during the later 19th and early 20th centuries.

Leonard Misonne.

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Sports photography refers to the genre of photography that covers all types of sports. In the majority of cases, professional sports photography is a branch of photojournalism, while amateur sports photography, such as photos of children playing association football, is a branch of vernacular photography.

Bob Martin

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Street/Candid Photography are pictures taken of people out of pose.
Josef KIoudelka

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DOCUMENTARY MEANS IT OCCURS NATURALLY. Documentary photography usually refers to a popular form of photography used to chronicle significant and historical events. It is typically covered in professional photojournalism, or real life reportage, but it may also be an amateur, artistic, or academic pursuit.

Philip Jones Griffiths

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The Photo-Secession was an early 20th century movement that promoted photography as a fine art in general and photographic pictorialism in particular.

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This practice started in 1853 when the first known photojournalist landed on the scene. Carol Szathmari, a Romanian painter and photographer, documented the Crimean War. This engraving technique was used in the American Civil War as well to print the photographs of Mathew Brady in the publication Harper's Weekly.

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Architectural photography is the photographing of buildings and similar structures that are both aesthetically pleasing and accurate representations of their subjects. Architectural photographers are usually skilled in the use of specialized techniques and equipment.

Iwan Baan

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Landscape photography shows spaces within the world, sometimes vast and unending, but other times microscopic. Landscape photographs typically capture the presence of nature but can also focus on man-made features or disturbances of landscapes.

Max Rive

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Wildlife photography is a genre of photography concerned with documenting various forms of wildlife in their natural habitat. It is one of the more challenging forms of photography