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Fossils found in similar locations, at different depths, show the gradual change in a species over 50 million years to produce what is now known as the modern horse.

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Definition: The remains or impression of a prehistoric plant or animal embedded in rock and preserved in petrified form.

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Definition: The remains or impression of a prehistoric plant or animal embedded in rock and preserved in petrified form.

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This scientific law states that the oldest fossils are the furthest away from the surface, and the newest are the closest to the surface. This law helps when dating fossils, and tracking evolutionary changes overtime. This law also makes it easier to track transitional fossils, as their traits are a mix of ancestors and descendants

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Transitional fossils are remains of a form of life that exhibit two kinds of traits. Those from an ancestral group and those derived from a descendant group. These fossils give us information about a transition from one species to another. This means that over time there has been some kind of change. The change however has to have been big enough that each non transitional fossil can be sorted into a before or after transition pile.

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Pros:
- Show how much or how little organisms have changed over time
- Can be compared to living organisms to show gradual change and highlight mutations
- Fossil will support any limited DNA you can find
- Provide information about interactions between species (e.g an ammonite fossil can show evidence of bite marks from another extinct predator)
- Can tell us about growth patterns in ancient animals

Cons:
- Not all organisms fossilise well
- Many fossils are destroyed by the movements of the earth
- You cannot obtain DNA from fossils easily
- It is hard or costly to find older fossils which are far below the surface of the earth.
- Can sometimes underestimate the diversity and composition of a community as it's soft bodied members are not represented in the fossil record
-  Can be based purely on appearance

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Examples of Fossils and the theory of Evolution

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Examples of Fossils and the theory of Evolution

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Giraffes: Most fossils of giraffes show that they have short necks, while today giraffes have long necks.
Manatees: Otherwise known as sea cows have flippers and a turned down snout for grazing in the water. However a fossil was found that at one point the manatee may have actually had feet rather than flippers.
Odontochelys Semistestacea: This was a creature on the way to becoming a turtle and it swam around in the waters of China 200 million years ago. It had a belly shell but it's back was bare compared to that of turtles nowadays. It also had an elongated pointed snout and teeth all on and in the roof of it's mouth.

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When an organism dies and is buried the remains are completely destroyed and overtime layers of sediment build up and press down on the buried remains. The dissolved materials that are transported by ground waters in the in the sediment,  fill the small spaces in the bones. The combination of pressure, chemical reactions and time eventually turns the sediment into rock and the bones into mineralised fossils. The fossils remain in the rock until exposed through erosion or excavation.