# data[].attributes.body
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXvtBObAc0A&t=8s

# data[].attributes.body
Finally today is the day. Hehe. 💃🏻💃🏻💃🏻 Today is our last internship life at Qalam Laduni Medical Centre. There were many experience that I have gain here starting from 6th February 2017 until today from management to customer behavior. The experience that I get can't found anywhere because this is a medical centre. Infact, thanks to the staff nurse because all this time, they helped us in many way including the medical terms and how to manage the patient in proper way. Not forget the practitioner who always there when I need help. I learned many things about the traditional medicine in practically because I don't have a chance before in UMK.

# data[].attributes.body
Today is morning shift again with my partner, Leen. There was not much different task given but while assist Ustaz in the examination room, there was a patient who diagnosed with optic neurisis. I haven't heard about the illness before but according to her relatives, she suddenly can't see and her eyes slowly become blur. She currently had to walk with help because she can't see anything. Every month, she had to inject steroid into her eyes. At that time, she looked very tired after the injections. But now, I'll explain a little bit about optic neurisis.

What is Optic Neurisis?
The optic nerves carries visual information from your eye to your brain. Optic Neurisis is when your optic nerve becomes inflammed. It can flare up suddenly from an infection or nerve disease. The inflammation causes temporary vision lost that typically happens in only one eye. Those with Optic Neurisis sometimes experience pain. As you recover and the inflammation goes away, your vision will likely return. Besides, this illness doesn't always require treatment and can heal on its own. Medications, such as corticosteroids, can help speed recovery. Most who experience Optic Neurisis have complete vision recovery within 2 to 3 months, but it may take up to 12 months to achieve the vision recovery.

Who is at risk for Optic Neurisis?
- Female between the ages of 18-45
- Have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS)
- Live at high latitude

# data[].attributes.body
Actually today we were assigned to work on morning shift and one of our teammates had to take sudden leave because she was not feeling well. So, we can't do anything because we already enter morning shift. For my opinion, if she tells earlier, we can cover it up for her. But now, we can't do double shift because it is out of our ability. So, we let the management settle the problem themselves. Sorry for not helping. Huhu.

# data[].attributes.body
3 days more before I finish my internship life. I can't wait to going back home. Oh my God!! 😇 As usual, today me and Leen had to work on evening shift and  nothing different from our task. I had to stay at front desk and there was not many customer at all. 😅 Maybe it was at night and people just want to rest at home after office hour.

# data[].attributes.body
Today is my off day and I planned with my teammates, Abby and Leen to record video for our project.

# data[].attributes.body
Today I worked morning shift with my teammates, Syaza. I told Syaza to stay with me at the front desk due to a lot of customer. I'm worried that I can't handle this alone. Hehe. Thanks Syaza. 😇 The customer keep coming nonstop to get a treatmet and have a consultant session with Ustaz from 9am until lunch hour. I had to stand for the whole examination with Ustaz until my leg cramped. I think that I'm gonna get a treatment after this. Huhu 😔

# data[].attributes.body
Today I worked morning shift with Abby and Tini. Abby and I was assigned to work in the ward. As usual, in the morning there were massage and physiotheraphy treatment then during the session, Ustaz came to check the progress of every patient. Then, there were three outpatient need to did the treatment at ward. Luckily, three of them are having leech cupping and there was not enough practitioner to look at the leech. Then, Abby and I had to take care of the leech.

# data[].attributes.body
Today I thought that I can rest in the morning because I've evening shift but then at 8 in the morning I was awakened by Syaza to joined the Muzakharah Perubatan Tradisional Melayu Program that have been held at Danau Golf UKM. At first, the presentation was a little bit boring because there is not interesting at all. But then, the discussion started with the hot topic and luckily I can understand the flow of the Malay traditional medicine. How it progress in order to increase this industry so that KKM accepted our existence. In conclusion, it is not bad to join the program at all. At least I've gained new knowledge according to the Traditional Malay medicine. In addition, our lecturer from UMK, Madam Dalila and Sir Faezi was invited to join the program by Ustaz. Thank you madam and sir. 😁

# data[].attributes.body
Today was a special day because we have visitors from Pusrawi or we called it as PICOMS. Their objective is to look at the surrounding of the PPQL and know the services offered here so that they can offered their practical student to do internship here. They arrived at PPQL at 10am and each of the representative of PICOMS is not ordinary person. All of them have been experience worked with government hospital. Then, the short briefing was gave by our Supervisor, En Hasbi. After that, they were bring to the examination room to look a little bit demo how Ustaz diagnosed the patient. After the demo, they have been taken by En Hasbi and En Fahmi to do a site visit in PPQL. They started with Terapi Alami, ward and lastly the herbs corner. Then, they have been taken to meeting room at Hotel Puri Pujangga to give a talk and then have a lunch.

# data[].attributes.body
My evening shift partner were Tini and Abby. I was assigned to work at the front desk and I asked Abby to accompany me to avoid from work alone. Hahaha 😂 There were not busy at all but it becomes more hectic when all the customer need to do leech cupping. As usual, by doing leech cupping the most important thing is you have to be patient because sometimes the leech doesn't want to bite. 😔 huhu

# data[].attributes.body
Today is my off day and I spent my time together with team mates at Tadom Hills. It is fun actually because we can relax our mind by seeing the nature here. Our objective was to relax our mind and release stress. Luckily, we did it. Thanks friends for bring me here. 😘 Honestly I'm afraid to jumped into the water but then after I watched Abby and Leen can do it, then I thought why I can't? So then, I force myself to jumped into the water. The feeling was great. Then, I challenge myself to jumped into the water with the height of 5m. It takes time actually because I'm afraid. Hahaah. But then I've been pushed by Abby to jump. She support me from behind while Leen can't join me because she is vertigo with height. Hahah. Sorry, broken English I guess.😅 I would like to suggest thus place if you want to have a peace in your mind. I give it 5 star.

# data[].attributes.body
My morning shift partner were Abby and Leen. Today, we decided to record video the flow of the operation in PPQL. We had to leave the ward at the moment to Staff nurse, Kak Rina while we have to focus recording video at the front desk. After we recorded the video, we shoot to Tadom Hills after finished our shift. We went there by Grab car in an hour from PPQL. We checked in and then have a bonding time together at night by eating BBQ. It was a lot of fun actually.

# data[].attributes.body
Today I need to cover my shift the other day. I need to double my shift today. What a hectic day. Fiuuhhh. 😪 In morning shift, I had to record video of leech cupping together with Leen. Then, evening shift I helped Abby at front desk to assist ustaz.

# data[].attributes.body
Today our lecturer, Madam Atikah came to evaluate one of our teammates, Abby. She was nervous before but then I knew that she can handle it. I can't help Abby when Madam visit our company because I was busy in ward. But luckily I can meet Madam. Hehehe. 😝 Thanks madam for visiting us. I'm sorry that I can't join you guys.

# data[].attributes.body
Today, I was assigned to work in the ward together with Leen in the morning. After the checkup by Ustaz, we had to do 7 leech cupping with different patients. But it was not enough practitioner then, Leen and me had to do it together. Team work is the  most important thing to achieve company's goals.

# data[].attributes.body
Today is a public holiday due to Wesak Day. Leen and me were not expected to get a full booking and luckily we can manage it together. We had to reject some customer due to not enough practitioner. It was a hectic day that I've been experience since I'm doing my internship here. Fiiuuhhh 😪

# data[].attributes.body
Today I have to work at the evening shift together with Syaza and Abby. I was assigned to work in the ward with Abby. Then, there was a patient that need to do leech cupping but she can't stand still because she has anxiety, diabetes and high blood preassure. She keep lay down then wake up then lay down again. The movements can harm the leech so that Abby and me had to calm the patient. Abby was hold her legs and I have a conversation with her. It was a hectic day actually to handle that patient.

# data[].attributes.body
Today I work as normal in morning shift after going back from my hometown. There is nothing much different from before. Just doing the same thing.

# data[].attributes.body
LEAVE

# data[].attributes.body
LEAVE

# data[].attributes.body
LEAVE

# data[].attributes.body
Today I was assigned to work in ward with staff nurse Rina. As usual, in the morning the patient will be given massage and theraphy. Then, at 11am, Ustaz was checking all his patients in ward and asked to do more theraphy. One of the patient we called him Cikgu was asked to do bekam lintah on his right foot. And I have to do it by myself due to not enough perawat lelaki.

# data[].attributes.body
Booking for today is not many as weekend but it still not enough perawat to handle. Sometimes, the customer like to walk in and it cause trouble for me to arrange the schedule. Today, Ustaz is not around and all the P.U was handle by his CEO, En Fahmi.

# data[].attributes.body
Today we had a class with our SV and he made a demo the procedure of bekam. The tools that must have are cotton, alcohol swab, iodine, sccissor, needles accu-check, pump, cup, gloves and mask. The peocedure must do properly to avoid any errors that can harm the patient. It's interesting actually to watch it live because I've never do any dry cupping or any traditional treatment.

# data[].attributes.body
Today is my off day and I just spend time with my friends.

# data[].attributes.body
Today there was a patient who did bekam a week ago and the wound from the bites of the leech area have spread and he felt icthy around the area. Ustaz was not around but he asked me to apply soil around the ithcy area and then apply water that have been soaked with "semut anai". After the treatment, he told that the itchy have been decrease and he continue to massage his whole body.

# data[].attributes.body
Today there was a patient who came with his wife and they have been married 6 years but not have a child yet. So ustaz asked me to leave so that they can have a private talk together.

# data[].attributes.body
Halia Bara
Halia bara is morphological similar to the common ginger (halia), but the rhizomes of this variant are smaller and more pungent, red on the outside with a yellow to pinkish cross-section, while the base of its leaf shoot is red. Unlike the common ginger, the petiole of halia bara is reddish when young, and the lip is scarlet red mottled with cream

Traditional medicine
Rhizome for treating stomach discomfort, tumors, relieving rheumatic pains and as post postpartum medicine.

Pharmacology

1. Anti- bacterial Activities

The evaluation of antibacterial activities using the micro-dilution technique revealed that both the leaf and rhizome oils were moderately active against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacilluslicheniformis, Bacillus spizizenii and Staphylococcus aureus, and the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas stutzeri.

2. Inflammatory Response

Psoriasis

Rhizomes

# data[].attributes.body
My morning shift today was with Abby and I had to work in the ward. The activity is as usual like before which is massage and physiotheraphy in the morning. During Jumaat pray, we've been told by En Yus that one of our ward patient suffer from epilepsy and he rushed to the near clinic immediately. We've been told that his tongue was torn during the epilepsy of 5 minutes. He then sent back to the ward with blood on his cloth. The doctor said to bring him to the hospital to do a medical checkup due to high blood pressure after the epilespy which is 155/98.

Then, that night we had "Majlis Kesyukuran and Sambutan bulan Ramadhan" together with the staff of PPQL. At this moment, Suddenly I felt sad because there is only a week before I finished my internship. There were a lot of experience that I've gained here. The feeling of gathering together with the staff I can't describe it how thankful I am because we've not been gathering together before due to the different shift.

# data[].attributes.body
Cekur

Sometimes, the patient given herbs to treat them traditionally. the herbs that we have been used are Taming Sari, Cekur, and Halia Bara. So now I'm gonna tell you the benefit of each herbs. Cekur is stemless because it arises from tuberous root stocks with cylindrical roots. This herbs have smooth, broad and dark green leave. It also bears a white flower with purple spot on it.the unique characteristics about cekur is the leaf and roots have a distinctive aromatic smell. The other name for cekur is Chinese ginger, finger root, Lesser Galangale (English), kencur (Indonesia), pro hom (Thailand).

Benefits of cekur

Cekur has been used as a rub to “warm the body” during a woman’s confinement. It also has been used to treat high blood pressure, swellings, ulcers, sprains and asthma and widely used in the Malay herbal formulas of jamu.

There is one Study investigated the antinociceptive activity in mice and rats using acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, hot plate and tail-flick tests and the result show that the antinociceptive mechanisms appear to be both peripherally and centrally mediated actions. This prove that the opioid receptors are probably involved. Therefore, supports the use in traditional medicine of Kaempferia galanga against pain caused by various causes.

If you didn’t have painkiller in your medicine cabinet, perhaps this herbs can save you. So why not we plant cekur beside our house. It has many benefits besides it leaves a rhizome can be used in cooking.

# data[].attributes.body
Today at 6.30 am, me and my partner did an activity together with our SV. We had plan before to go hiking at Bukit Saga and had no preparation at all in terms of physical. We start to climb up the Bukit Saga at 8am without warm up and finally it's a tiring day for me. Hahahah 😂 The track is almost tough compare to Bukit Broga the other day. But it's not going to break my spirit to fight till to the top. Luckily, I have my friends who always there to help me. Thanks to Abby, Leen and Tini who always there eventhough they always teasing me. Heheheh. 😁 Along the journey to the uphill of the Bukit Saga, I heard the sound of Ungka and I really missed it because everytime I'm hiking, it always there make a noise. 🐒 The track is quite tough that makes me fall twice infront on my SV. But I'm cool and relax then it feels pain at my buttocks. Huhu 😭 After reach at the too of Bukit Saga, we then continue hiking to see the waterfall and it takes about 40 minutes. Subhanallah, it was very beautiful and we take about an hour to rest. It was fun actually if you do an activity sometimes instead of just go to the office doing the same work. We come back home at 2pm and had lunch before we go to work as usual at 4pm.

# data[].attributes.body
Today I was assigned to work in the ward and there is no different task. It is just the same as usual. And today, Radziah was discharge from the ward.

# data[].attributes.body
Today is my off day and I just lay down on the bed hehe. :P

# data[].attributes.body
There were customer who booked under one name but came with a group so it difficult to arrange the perawat. Luckily I can handle it before going home. There is not enough perawat because they going back to their hometown to meet their family.

# data[].attributes.body
There was a patient named Azizah who is diagnosed with right stroke, parkinson, and hormone problem. She is also can't hear properly and can't sleep at night. Today she came here to get treated and did 3 bekam lintah on both cheeks right and left, and on left feet. The result of the blood colour are red+black.

# data[].attributes.body
Today we had two new patient who were Abu Bakar and Radziah.

Abu Bakar
He is diagnosed with left stroke. He is on uriner. No fit and no allergic in food. He can't walk because of his left leg can't reach on the ground. So usually, he move with wheelchair helped by "perawat lelaki". He is still alert with surrounding.

Radziah
She is diagnosed with left stroke and have diabetes. Usually she can't walk and move by using wheelchair. She is alert with her surrounding and she had parkinson. She had low appetite which is don't want to eat rice and only drink milk which contain protein. She also can't sit properly while eating so we must support her back.

# data[].attributes.body
Today we have class with our SV, Encik Fahmi. At the beginning of our class, he explained a little bit about a team. What the important thing that we must have to build an excellent team. Then he continue his class with "the right procedure in bekam darah treatment"

- The maximum amount of cup is 7
- there is certain point for certain illness
- the cup size is depend on the size of the patient
- if the patient have no illness, he can only do 4-6 cups
- neck (1 small cup)
- "tulang pelikat" ( 2 cups)
- between "tulang pelikat" and waist (2 cups)
- waist (2 big cups)
- it is sunnah to do bekam on 17, 19, & 21 of Hijrah
That's all for today. Thank you. 😁

# data[].attributes.body
Today I was assigned to work at the front desk. Abby and Tini were off duty while Leen and Syaza work morning shift. So today I work alone. Luckily, permanent staff, Tya was helping me to complete the task because there were too many customer starting at 9pm. Thank you Tya. Hehehe 😁

# data[].attributes.body
Today I was assigned to work at the front desk in the  evening. Unluckily, there was a patient who came with family and did the treatment together but there is not enough "perawat". But there was one patient who insist to do the "bekam lintah" at 11 pm. Usually, the treatment of "bekam lintah" take about 2 or 3 hours. I've explained to her but she still insist to do bekam. So to fulfill her request, I've to do it  eventhough my shift end at 11pm. So today I am going back home at 11.30pm. I don't care because we must finish our task first before pass it to another. That is my principle. That's all for today.

# data[].attributes.body
Today is my off day. So I just rest at home and going out with housemates watched new movie at cinema.

# data[].attributes.body
There was a patient who diagnosed with cervical cancer and she came here to get another alternative treatment beside hospital. Cervical cancer occurs when abnormal cells on the cervix is the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina. Cervical cancer can often be successfully treated when it’s found early.

Symptoms

·         Bleeding from the vagina that is not normal, such as bleeding between menstrual periods, after sex, or after menopause

·         Pain in the lower belly or pelvis

·         Pain during sex

·         Vaginal discharge that isn’t normal

The patient said that she had a surgery to remove the cell cancer but afraid to do chemotherapy. Because she heard that many people who did the chemotherapy died after a few weeks. But for me, it is good to do the chemotherapy at least you try your best to get treated. Tawakal to Allah is the most important thing. But Ustaz said to the patient no need to get a chemotherapy and just get the treatment from him. For me, it was totally wrong to say that to the patient who is diagnosed with servical cancer. At least you have to give her spirit and motivate her to do the chemotherapy. Honestly, I am not agreed with Ustaz statement. Because my mother also diagnosed with breast cancer and she have been through chemotherapy twice. Alhamdullilah, now she is healthy and strong enough to do daily activities.

# data[].attributes.body
Today I’ve met the patient who diagnosed with ovarian cyst. Most women will experience a cyst on the ovaries at least once, and most are painless, cause no symptoms, and are discovered during a routine pelvic exam. Symptoms of ovarian cyst include nausea, vomiting, bloating, painful bowel movements, and pain during sex.

Symptoms

·         Abdominal bloating/ swelling

·         Painful bowel movements

·         Pelvic pain before or during the menstrual cycle

·         Painful intercourse

·         Pain in the lower back or thighs

·         Breast tenderness

·         Nausea and vomiting

Severe symptoms of an ovarian cyst that require immediate medical attention include:

·         Severe/sharp pelvic pain

·         Fever

·         Faintness/dizziness

·         Rapid breathing

These symptoms can indicate a ruptured cyst or an ovarian tension. Both complications can have serious consequences if not treated early.

# data[].attributes.body
Today there was a patient who need a massager to massage a mother after giving birth. Normally, in Malaysia, we practice the use of traditional postpartum massage and traditional herbs to prevent future ill. The mother need to massage and “bertungku”. A postpartum period or postnatal period is the period beginning immediately after the birth of a child and extending for about six weeks. It is the time after birth, a time in which the mother’s body, including hormone levels and uterus size, returns to a non-pregnant state. So normally, the husband will pick up the massager to his house in three days.

# data[].attributes.body
Today I have a class together with my team mates conduct by our CEO, Cik Fahmi. He explains a little bit more about “Bekam Darah” from the previous lesson. There are 5 elements all together which are metal, water, earth, wood, and fire.

1.       Metal (white)

·         Include large intestines and lung

·         To treat your lung or large intestines, better to eat foods that are white such as barley, radish, or waterchestnut.

2.       Water (black)

·         Include kidney and gall bladder

·         To treat your kidney, better to eat foods that are in black color such as Habbatus Sauda, papaya’s seed, or squid ink.

3.       Earth (yellow)

·         Include spleen.

·         To treat your spleen, eat foods that are in yellow color such as turmeric, banana, and other.

4.       Wood (green)

·         Include liver and bile.

·         To treat your heart and bile, eat foods that are in green color such as vegetables, or any herbs.

5.       Fire (red)

·         Include heart and small intestine.

·         To treat your heart is to eat foods that are in red color such as tomato or pomegranate.

# data[].attributes.body
Today I met with patient that diagnosed with this disease named Psoriasis. So now let me explain what is Psoriasis. It is one of the most baffling and persistent of skin disorders. As underlying cells reach the skin’s surface and die, their sheer volume causes raised, red plaques covered with white scales. Psoriasis typically occurs on the knees, elbows and scalp, and it can also affect the torso, palms, and soles of the feet.

The symptoms of psoriasis vary depending on the type you have. Some common symptoms for plaque psoriasis which is the most common variety of the condition. Psoriasis can also be associated with psoriatic arthritis, which leads to pain and swelling in the joints. Pustular psoriasis, characterized by red and scaly skin on the palms of the hands and/or feet with tiny pustules.

What causes psoriasis?

·         Emotional stress and trauma to streptococcal infection

·         Death of a loved one

·         New environment

# data[].attributes.body
Today we have new patient named Ruslan. He is from Pasir Puteh, Kelantan. He was diagnosed with left stroke, diabetes and Hypertension. He is under normal diet and has no allergic. He is under insulin same as Rohimah, Jefree and Semiah. He can walk but with help. Usually, he uses wheel chair to move because his legs are not strong enough to walk. Other than that, we hopefully that he will get well soon after get a treatment here at PPQL. J be strong Pak cik Ruslan.

# data[].attributes.body
Today is my rest day. Hehe :p

# data[].attributes.body
Today I’ve been met with the patient who diagnosed with vertigo. Vertigo is a sensation of feeling off balance. If you have these dizzy spells, you might feel like you are spinning or that the world around you is spinning. Vertigo is often caused by an inner ear problem. Some of the most common causes include:

1) BPPV

2) Vestibular neuritis / labyrinthitis

3) Meniere’s disease

Less often vertigo may be associated with:

·         head or neck injury

·         brain problems such as stroke or tumor

·         certain medications that cause ear damage

·         migraine headaches

Symptoms

Vertigo is often triggered by a change in the position of your head. People with vertigo typically describe it as feeling like they are:

·         spinning

·         tilting

·         swaying

·         unbalanced

·         pulled to one direction

Other symptoms that may accompany vertigo include:

·         feeling nauseated

·         vomiting

·         abnormal or jerking eye movements

·         headache

·         sweating

·         ringing in the ears or hearing loss

Treatment for Vertigo:

1) Vestibular rehabilitation

2) Canalith repositioning maneuvers

3) Medicine

4) Surgery

# data[].attributes.body
Today I was assigned to work at ward in the morning. As usual, the patient will have the massage session by the “perawat” in an hour. After that, ustaz check every patient in the ward to give a treatment. Then, after the treatment finish at 1 pm, the patients have their lunch. At this moment, one out of the patients was in difficulty breathing. Then I checked her blood pressure but it is totally normal. Then after 5 minutes, staff nurse checks her oxygen level and it is totally lower than the normal range. The patient then is taken to the nearest hospital by ambulance. Sadly, on the way to hospital, the patient died. The doctor said that she died due to the heart failure. During sending the patient to the hospital, I together with my teammate, Leen had to take care in the ward. We totally panicked with the situation earlier because it is our first time.

# data[].attributes.body
Today we have new patient named Mariam. She had diabetes and Hypertension. She was diagnosed with stroke at the right side only. She has no epilepsy and she is under Ryle’s Tube to get feeding. She also had Hemorrhoids. The staff nurse feeding her every 3 hours just the same as Salbiah, Sharifah Zainab, and Sazili.

# data[].attributes.body
Today, we had a class with our supervisor, Cik Fahmi. At first, he makes an activity relating to decision making and teamwork. It was interesting actually because it has moral values to be adapt from it. Then, after the activity he give a short briefing about “Bekam Darah” or we called it as wet cupping. He explain about how we going to do the procedure? What kind of illness could we suggest to do “bekam darah”?, how many times could we do “bekam”?, what the maximum cup we can suggest to the customer?, for what we do “bekam”?. All these he is going to explain in the next class.

# data[].attributes.body
Today I want to explain about the insulin. Insulin is a natural hormone made by the pancreas that controls the level of the sugar glucose in the blood. Insulin permits cells to use glucose for energy. Cells cannot utilize glucose without insulin.

Insulin is a medicine to control the level of sugar in your body for those who diagnosed diabetes. The person with type 1 diabetes must inject exogenous insulin (insulin from sources outside the body).

In addition to promoting the access of glucose into cells, insulin is also called a builder hormone. This is because it helps fat and muscle to form. It promotes the storage of glucose in the form of glycogen for times when glucose is not coming in. It also blocks the breakdown of protein. The patients who are under insulin are Jeffree, Semiah and Rohimah. They are given insulin every day. For Rohimah, she has to inject 3 times a day and for Jeffree and Semiah only once a day at night.

Insulin Tips:

·         Insulin can be kept at room temperature for 4 weeks or kept in a refrigerator until its expiry date. After which, it should be discarded.

·         Insulin does not store well in excessive sun or cold, so protect it against these conditions.

·         You can give an insulin shot through clothing.

·         You can reuse disposable syringes a few times.

# data[].attributes.body
Arteritis refers to inflammation of your arteries that damages your blood vessel walls and reduces blood flow to your organs. There are several types of arteritis. The symptoms and complications that occur depend on which arteries are affected and the degree of damage.

What Are the Types of Arteritis?

1) Takeyasu’s Arteritis

2) Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA)

3) Polyarteritis Nodosa (PN)

What Causes Arteritis?

No one knows what causes arteritis. It’s believed to be an autoimmune disorder. Your immune cells attack the walls of your major blood vessels, causing varying degrees of damage. The immune bodies inside your blood vessels form nodules called granulomas that block blood flow to other parts of your body. The interior cells of your blood vessels may be weakened, making them prone to aneurysms. Aneurysms can rupture and cause internal bleeding.

These diseases may lead to a loss of blood and oxygen to your internal organs. Impaired blood flow to your body organs can cause blindness, heart failure, or kidney failure, depending on which arteries are involved. Rapid treatment is necessary to prevent organ damage from arteritis.

How Is Arteritis Treated?

The treatment of arteritis focuses first on suppressing your immune reaction. To do this, your doctor will prescribe corticosteroids, such as prednisone, or other drugs that suppress your immune system. Your doctor can bring secondary infections under control using antibiotics. Finally, if any of your organs has been damaged, you may need surgery to restore them to a healthier state.

# data[].attributes.body
Today is my off day so there is no update. :P Heheheh

# data[].attributes.body
Today we have new patient named Syed Abd Rani from Perak. He was diagnosed with diabetes and Hypertension. He also has knee problem and he can’t straighten both his legs. He had insomnia because his son said that he can’t sleep at all at home. He also keep mumbling all the time that we can’t understand. He had no epilepsy and allergic. InsyaAllah for getting treatment here I hope that he can have an improvement. :p

# data[].attributes.body
What is eczema?
Common symptoms of eczema include areas of thickened, red, itchy skin. The term 'eczema' is used in two different ways. It can be used widely to describe any rash-like skin conditions. Or it can be used to describe atopic dermatitis, a chronic skin condition that commonly starts during infancy and continues through into childhood. Some people outgrow the condition while some people will continue to have it into adulthood.  The word "atopic" refers to a collection of diseases involving the immune system, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, and hay fever. "Dermatitis" means inflammation of the skin.

Causes of eczema

The specific cause of eczema remains unknown, but it is believed to develop due to a combination of hereditary (genetic) and environmental factors. Children are more likely to develop eczema if a parent has had it or another atopic disease. If both parents have an atopic disease, the chances increase further.

Environmental factors are also known to bring out the symptoms of eczema. These include:

Irritants - soaps, detergents, shampoos, disinfectants, juices from fresh fruits, meats, or vegetables

Allergens - dust mites, pets, pollens, mold, dandruff

Microbes - bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, viruses, certain fungi

Hot and cold temperatures - hot weather, high and low humidity, perspiration from exercise

Foods - dairy products, eggs, nuts and seeds, soy products, wheat

Stress - it is not a cause of eczema but can make symptoms worse

Hormones - women can experience worsening of eczema symptoms at times when their hormone levels are changing, for example during pregnancy and at certain points in their menstrual cycle

Symptoms of eczema

Atopic dermatitis commonly manifests itself in infants with dry and scaly patches appearing on the skin. These patches are often intensely itchy. The symptoms of atopic dermatitis can vary, depending on the age of the person with the condition.

Most people develop atopic dermatitis before the age of 5. Half of those who develop the condition in childhood continue to have symptoms as an adult, though these symptoms are often different to those experienced by children.

People with the condition will often experience periods of time where their symptoms will flare up or worsen, followed by periods of time where their symptoms will improve or clear up.

Infants:

Rashes commonly appear on scalp and cheeks.

Rashes usually bubble up before weeping fluid.

Rashes can cause extreme itchiness, which may lead to trouble sleeping. Continuous rubbing and scratching can lead to skin infections.

Children, from 2 years old to puberty:

Rashes commonly appear behind the creases of elbows or knees

Also common on neck, wrists, ankles, crease between buttock and legs

Over time, the following symptoms can manifest:

Rashes can become bumpy, like goosebumps

Rashes can lighten or darken in color

Rashes can thicken (also known as lichenification) and then develop knots and a permanent itch

Adults:

Rashes commonly appear in creases of elbows or knees or nape of neck

Rashes cover much of the body

Rashes can be especially prominent on neck, face, and around the eyes

Rashes can cause very dry skin

Rashes can be permanently itchy

Rashes can cause scaly skin (scalier than in children)

Rashes can lead to skin infections

Adults who developed atopic dermatitis as a child but no longer experience the condition may still have dry or easily irritated skin, hand eczema, and eye problems.

The appearance of skin affected by atopic dermatitis will depend on how much a person scratches and whether the skin is infected. Scratching and rubbing irritates the skin further, increases inflammation and makes itchiness worse.

# data[].attributes.body
Today I want to share with you guys about diabetes. Diabetes is a lifelong condition that causes a person's blood sugar level to become too high.

There are two main types of diabetes:

type 1 diabetes – where the body's immune system attacks and destroys the cells that produce insulin

type 2 diabetes – where the body doesn't produce enough insulin, or the body's cells don't react to insulin

Type 2 diabetes is far more common than type 1. During pregnancy, some women have such high levels of blood glucose that their body is unable to produce enough insulin to absorb it all. This is known as gestational diabetes.

Pre-diabetes

Many more people have blood sugar levels above the normal range, but not high enough to be diagnosed as having diabetes. This is sometimes known as pre-diabetes. If your blood sugar level is above the normal range, your risk of developing full-blown diabetes is increased. It's very important for diabetes to be diagnosed as early as possible because it will get progressively worse if left untreated.

When to see a doctor

feeling very thirsty

urinating more frequently than usual, particularly at night

feeling very tired

weight loss and loss of muscle bulk

itching around the penis or vagina, or frequent episodes of thrush

cuts or wounds that heal slowly

blurred vision

Type 1 diabetes can develop quickly over weeks or even days. Many people have type 2 diabetes for years without realizing because the early symptoms tend to be general.

Causes of diabetes

The amount of sugar in the blood is controlled by a hormone called insulin, which is produced by the pancreas (a gland behind the stomach). When food is digested and enters your bloodstream, insulin moves glucose out of the blood and into cells, where it's broken down to produce energy.

However, if you have diabetes, your body is unable to break down glucose into energy. This is because there's either not enough insulin to move the glucose, or the insulin produced doesn't work properly. Although there are no lifestyle changes you can make to lower your risk of type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes is often linked to being overweight.

# data[].attributes.body
Today I want to share with you guys about this disease which is gout. There are many patients with this disease come to PPQL to get a treatment. Gout is a type of arthritis in which small crystals form inside and around the joints. It causes sudden attacks of severe pain and swelling.

The condition mainly affects men over 30 and women after the menopause. Overall, gout is more common in men than women. Gout can be extremely painful and debilitating, but treatments are available to help relieve the symptoms and prevent further attacks. Any joint can be affected by gout, but it usually affects joints towards the ends of the limbs, such as the toes, ankles, knees and fingers.

Signs and symptoms of gout include:

severe pain in one or more joints

the joint feeling hot and very tender

swelling in and around the affected joint

red, shiny skin over the affected joint

Symptoms develop rapidly over a few hours and typically last three to 10 days. After this time the pain should pass and the joint should return to normal. Almost everyone with gout will experience further attacks at some point, usually within a year.

What causes gout?

Gout is caused by a build-up of a substance called uric acid in the blood.  If you produce too much uric acid or your kidneys don't filter enough out, it can build up and cause tiny sharp crystals to form in and around joints. These crystals can cause the joint to become inflamed (red and swollen) and painful.

Things that may increase your chances of getting gout include:

obesity, high blood pressure and/or diabetes

having a close relative with gout

kidney problems

eating foods that cause a build-up of uric acid, such as red meat, offal and seafood

drinking too much beer or spirits

Treatments for gout

If you have gout, treatment is available from your GP to:

relieve symptoms during an attack – this can be done using ice packs and by taking medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine or corticosteroids

prevent further attacks – through a combination of lifestyle changes, such as losing weight or changing your diet, and taking medication that lowers uric acid levels, such as allopurinol

# data[].attributes.body
Today I want to story about our exciting day which we had been to the Broga Hills at the Semenyih, Selangor 30 minutes from PPQL. Our journey began at 4.30 am and we had brought some food to eat at the hilltop. Our supervisor, Cik Fahmi also excited to do the activity with us. We love hiking so much because it is challenging actually. It includes the physical and mental endurance of the person. To have the “taiko” of the hiking in our group who were Leen and Abby, it motivates our self to hike until the hilltop. Our duration to achieve at the hilltop is about an hour. Finally, we can see the sunrise and Subhanallah it so beautiful. I can’t describe how beautiful it is to look from the top hill. From that side, we can see full of buildings. After that, we return back home and I start my shift at the evening because I feel so tired. Then, I start my shift as usual. Thank you Cik Fahmi. J

# data[].attributes.body
Today we had a class with Ustaz. He teaches us about how to diagnosed the illness by using point on the feet. We able to know a little bit about the certain point. But unfortunately, Ustaz can’t teach us about it due to the incoming customer. So we have to dismiss the classes. But he promised to teach us in the nest class. We are very excited to learn about it. Hehe J

# data[].attributes.body
Today I want to share with you guys about employers’ right. Employers are responsible for ensuring all their employees receive certain basic employment rights. These rights are governed by detailed employment legislation. If you employ people or are setting up a business that will employ people you need to be familiar with your responsibilities and your employees’ rights.

Definition of an employee

Employers engage persons on either contracts of service or contracts for services. Only a person engaged under a contract of service is an employee and therefore protected by the full range of employment legislation. An independent contractor or self-employed person will have a contract for services with the party for whom the work is being done. The distinction between a contract of service, and a contract for services can sometimes be unclear but the type of contract a person is engaged under can have serious implications for both employer and employee in matters such as employment protection legislation, taxation and social welfare.

Contracts and terms of employment

While the full contract of employment does not have to be in writing, you must give your employee certain terms and conditions of employment in writing within 2 months of starting employment. This information must include the full names of the employer and the employee and details of the job title, the pay, hours of work, notice requirements. You can read details in our document on the contract of employment.

While most terms and conditions of employment are stated in a written contract or a company handbook you should be aware that custom and practice in the workplace can also constitute a term of employment, for example, a mid-morning break of 10 minutes.

If you, as the employer, wish to change a term or condition of employment you must agree this change with your employee. This requirement for both the employer’s and the employee’s consent to changes in the terms of the contract is part of contract law. Based on PPQL, they do not use this system towards their employees. So if anything happens to the employees, they can’t summon the company. So this is their weakness.

Hours of work, breaks and rest periods

You are responsible for ensuring that your employees are given adequate rest. The Organisation of Working Time Act 1997 sets down the rules governing maximum working hours and daily and weekly rest breaks. Based on my observation, the “perawat” does not have enough time to have a rest even to eat especially at weekend. They usually eat and rest or call their family at the time where there is no customer. Their time working s from 4am till 12am nonstop. That is why sometimes they look very tired.

Leave

Nearly all employees, full-time, part-time, temporary or casual have annual leave and public holiday entitlements from the time they start work. Most employees are entitled to 4 weeks’ paid annual leave per leave year. Part-time workers ‘entitlement is generally calculated as 8% of the hours worked subject to a maximum of 4 working weeks per leave year. Employers can determine the timing of annual leave, taking into consideration work and personal requirements; however, you should consult your employee or their union in advance. Your employee can request pay for annual leave in advance. You are also obliged to allow employees to avail of statutory protective leave, such as maternity leave, paternity leave, health and safety leave, parental leave, adoptive leave, and care’s leave. There is specific legislation setting down the rules for each entitlement.

Based on my observation, the staff nurse only had one off day in a week. To apply for off day need to have a valid reason. So my suggestion is if you want to have a dedicated and a great performance from your employees, give them reward or holiday package to motivate themselves to work harder in order to achieve organization’s vision and mission.

# data[].attributes.body
Today I want to share to you guys about the behavior of employees. Employees play a significant role in the dynamics of a small business work environment. If you’re a productive employee with a good attitude who exhibits professional behavior, you can help the business to succeed and further your career. If you have a poor disposition, are unconcerned about the success of your employer, and you outwardly display hostility toward management, colleagues and consumers, you can hurt the company and jeopardize your career. There are certain criteria to become a good employee towards their company or organization:

·         Attitude

·         Performance

·         Interpersonal Skills

·         Corporate Representation

# data[].attributes.body
Today I want to share with you guys about the time of visit to the ward of Qalam Laduni Medical Centre. Most hospital have times at which you can visit your friend or relative. For proper visit, please check with the relevant hospital or any kind of medical centre for information about when you can visit. Bear in mind that not all the time the patient is free because they need to do some exercising and some therapy.

If you are unable to attend during visiting hours, talk to the member of staff in charge of the ward to arrange an alternative time to visit. Hospitals encourage relatives and friends to visit patients in order to give them moral support. However, patients can get tired very quickly. For this reason, the number of visitors each patient is allowed is usually restricted, and it might be necessary to stagger the visitors so they come at different times.

From my observation in time of visiting in PPQL, sometimes the visitor does not obey the instruction of the time visit. There is timetable that attached at the front door of the ward the perfect timing for visit the patients. They still visit the patients while they are under treatment. So, it makes our work delayed. My suggestion is to strengthened the rule in the ward.

# data[].attributes.body
Today I’m going to tell you about physiotherapy due to our services always do this treatment to the ward patients. Physiotherapy helps to restore movement and function when someone is affected by injury, illness or disability. It can also help to reduce your risk of injury or illness in the future. It takes a holistic approach that involves the patient directly in their own care.

When is physiotherapy used?

Physiotherapy can be helpful for people of all ages with a wide range of health conditions, including problems affecting the:

bones, joints and soft tissue – such as back pain, neck pain, shoulder pain and sports injuries

brain or nervous system – such as movement problems resulting from a stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS) or Parkinson's disease

heart and circulation – such as rehabilitation after a heart attack

lungs and breathing – such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis

Physiotherapy can improve your physical activity while helping you to prevent further injuries.

Why physiotherapy?

Physiotherapy is a degree-based healthcare profession. Physios use their knowledge and skills to improve a range of conditions associated with different systems of the body, such as:

Neurological (stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's)

Neuromusculoskeletal (back pain, whiplash associated disorder, sports injuries, arthritis)

Cardiovascular (chronic heart disease, rehabilitation after heart attack)

Respiratory (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis).

Specifically, physiotherapists can help you with:

Promoting optimal mobility, physical activity and overall health and wellness;

Preventing disease, injury, and disability;

Managing acute and chronic conditions, activity limitations, and participation restrictions;

Improving and maintaining optimal functional independence and physical performance;

Rehabilitating injury and the effects of disease or disability with therapeutic exercise programs and other interventions; and

Educating and planning maintenance and support programs to prevent re-occurrence, re-injury or functional decline.

# data[].attributes.body
Today, I got to learn how to do the treatment using a leech. It was a challenging actually because it is not easy to make it bites patient’s skin. You must have patience in yourself and sometimes it takes about an hour to do the treatment. But luckily, I was helped by my teammates to do the task. Thanks guys. J other than that, today I want to talk about Oedema disease since I have made dressing for this patient who was diagnosed with Oedema. At the first sight I look at him, his leg was totally swelling and the blood can’t stop coming out from his skin due to the “bekam lintah”. Ustaz suggested him to pu put 6 leeches on his swelling leg.

Oedema is a buildup of fluid in the body which causes the affected tissue to become swollen. The swelling can occur in one particular part of the body or may be more general, depending on the cause. Fluid can accumulate under the skin – most commonly causing swelling of the lower legs and ankles – or in one of the body's internal organs, such as the lungs. As well as swelling or puffiness of the skin, oedema can also cause:

skin discolouration

areas of skin that temporarily hold the imprint of your finger when pressed (known as pitting oedema)

aching, tender limbs

stiff joints

weight gain

Types of oedema

Oedema is most common in the feet and ankles. This is known as peripheral oedema. Other types of oedema include:

cerebral oedema – affecting the brain

pulmonary oedema – affecting the lungs

macular oedema – affecting the eyes

Idiopathic oedema is a term used to describe cases of oedema where a cause can't be found.

Causes of oedema

It's normal to have some swelling in your legs at the end of the day, particularly if you've been sitting or standing for long periods. Oedema is often a symptom of an underlying health condition. It can occur as a result of the following conditions or treatments:

pregnancy

kidney disease

heart failure

chronic lung disease

thyroid disease

liver disease

malnutrition

medication, such as corticosteroids or medicine for high blood pressure (hypertension)

the contraceptive pill

Immobility and standing for long periods are the two most common causes of oedema in the legs. Other possible causes include:

a blood clot

severe varicose veins

a leg injury or leg surgery

burns to the skin

Treating oedema

Oedema is often temporary and clears up by itself. For example, if you've been standing up for too long on a hot day, your ankles may swell up until you get the chance to put your feet up and rest.

If oedema doesn't go away by itself, see your GP. They'll try and find out if there's an underlying cause which needs to be treated. This could involve taking medication or following some advice, such as:

losing weight (if you're overweight)

taking regular exercise, such as walking, swimming or cycling

raising your legs three to four times a day to improve your circulation

avoiding standing for long periods of time

If an underlying condition is causing the fluid imbalance, it should clear up after the condition has been diagnosed and treated.

# data[].attributes.body
Today we have new patient, Abd Manap. He is in 50an. He was sent by his daughter due to busy to clean her new house. Abd Manap was diagnosed with diabetes, Hypertension, kidney failure, cholesterol, and heart attack. Besides, he also had left stroke which means he can’t move both hand and leg on the left side. He totally can’t talk properly and we even can’t understand what he is saying. Otherwise, he is also diagnosed with oedema on both his legs. Due to the oedema (blister), both his legs swelling. His daughter said that he can’t drink water more than a glass due too much of water that make his legs swelling. It is because he is in CKD Chronic Kidney Disease. He is also under depression (mood disorder secondary underlying stroke).

Every night he keeps mumbling to himself and disturb us to work. Every 5 minutes he keeps calling us to keep look at him and have a chat with him. He also disturbs other patients to sleep at night. But as professional, we keep give him what he wants. Although he seems to not eat much. It makes us more worried towards him because he need to eat medicine but doesn’t eat much.  He only eats bread and a little bit of “kuih”.

# data[].attributes.body
Today there was a baby that having Inguinal Hernia. So now, I'm going to explain about it. Inguinal hernia is the most common surgical problem of childhood.Hernia occurswhen a portion of an organ within the abdomen, such as the intestines, protrudes through a weakness in the muscles of the abdomen. A soft bulge is seen underneath the skin where the hernia is located. A hernia that occurs in the groin (inguinal) area is called an inguinal hernia.

Causes

Between 12 to 14 weeks of fetal development, the testicles or ovaries form in the abdomen near the kidneys. They gradually move down into the lower part of the abdomen as the baby continues to develop. As they move down, a portion of the peritoneum (a thin layer of tissue that lines the inside of the abdomen) that attaches to the testicle is drawn with it into the scrotum, forming a pouch or sac.

Approximately 80 percent to 90 percent of inguinal hernias appear in boys. They are more common on the right side, but in about 10 percent of cases, they occur on both sides (bilaterally).

Risk factors

In just over 10 percent of cases, other members of the family may have had a hernia at birth or in infancy

In premature infants, the occurrence of inguinal hernia is increased by up to 30 percent.

Sign and symptom

Swelling or a bulge in the groin or scrotum may be seen during crying or straining, and it may get smaller or go away when the baby relaxes

A smooth mass that is usually not tender

Localized pain in the area of the hernia

# data[].attributes.body
Today is my off duty but I had to attend classes that have been held by Ustaz in order to teach us how he handle his business in Traditional and Complementary Medicine (TCM).  The topic that we discussed today was about spirit. Spirit is the nonphysical part of a person that is the seat of emotions and character which is soul. Besides, spirit is also known as those qualities regarded as forming the definitive or typical elements in the character of a person, ration, or group or in the thought and attitudes of a particular period.

For muslim, spirit or we call it as “roh” have been completed the creation of human, it can occur anytime and also as a practitioner, you can analyze the type of illness of the patients by look at the patient’s reaction, character and attitudes. Why we associates “roh” in traditional medicine? This is because of the creation of a human to cure the illness. For example, Balpalsy include (rohani + jasad) while Cikgu Ezzu (rohani) due to anxiety disorder. That’s all for today. Thank you for giving your time. :P

# data[].attributes.body
Sunday is a great day for us because we as an intern can relax our mind and body with any activities that can release our stress. In the morning at 7 o’clock our CEO brought us to Taman Tasek Chempaka but today we are not going to do an aerobic but to play badminton. It was fun actually to sweat our self. For me, it is not interesting at all if you always work but no exercise. This way, you can live a healthy life instead of just being in the office.

So today I want to tell you about balloon catheters urine. A urinary catheter is a tube placed in the body to drain and collect urine from the bladder. The person that need to use a catheter if you have:

-          Urinary incontinence (leaking urine or being unable to control when you urinate)

-          Urinary retention (being unable to empty your bladder when you need to)

-          Surgery on the prostate or genitals

-          Other medical conditions such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, or dementia

Catheters come in many sizes, materials (silicone, latex, Teflon), and types (Foley, straight, coude tip). A Foley catheter, for example, is a soft, plastic or rubber tube that is inserted into the bladder to drain the urine. There is one patient that have been used balloon catheter which is Haslinda because she is diagnosed with stoke that make her unable to move her leg and hand. Besides, she can move a little bit her hand but can’t grip. It has the proper way to insert the catheter into the patient’s body. Both your hand must hygiene before touch the catheter in order to avoid any infection.

# data[].attributes.body
Pecah kaca or also known as Strobilanthes crispa. The leaves are used traditionally for anticancer treatment and diabetes. This plant is used in medicinal and to treat variety of ailments in the various traditional systems of medicine. The plant contains polyphenols, flavonoids, catechins, alkaloids, caffeine, tannins, compounds known to possess multiple health beneficial effects. The plant also possess antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, wound healing and antiulcer genic activities.

This plant has many cystoliths of calcium carbonate and an infusion is mildly alkaline. The high content of this calcium carbonate make this boiled water of this plant become mildly alkaline and function in ease of urination. Orang Asli in Kampung Bawong swallowed the fresh leaves of the plant to enhance the immune system. Traditionally, daily consumption of the leaves of this plant has been believed to control blood sugar levels.

# data[].attributes.body
The Malays are known as a people who have practiced traditional healing since the animistic era and this practice continued throughout the Hindu-Buddhist era up to present day. The Malays use many types of medical techniques for the purpose of treating and curing illnesses and diseases caused by non-spiritual or spiritual elements. It is important to note that there are some spiritual techniques used in traditional Malay healing that follow certain beliefs and contain components which contradict the Islamic Shari’ah. The traditional healing practice of the Malay society utilizes natural resources, wafak (letters, numerals and diagrams) and Quranic verses and doa (prayers and supplications).

The only treatment that have been used by traditional Malay medicine in order to treat illness and disease caused by spiritual elements are:

-          Drink water that have been read certain surah in it

-          Give counseling to the patient to motivate her/him

-          Always pray 5 times a day

-          Always read Al-Quran

-          Read surah Al-Faatiha, 3 Qul, Al-Mulk and ayat Kursi before sleep

-          Avoid from hurting others

-          Always kind to people

# data[].attributes.body
Next is “ulam raja” a.k.a Cosmos Caudatus. Ulam, a Malay word used to describe a preparation that combines food, medicine and beauty is the widely popular Malay herbal salad. In Indonesian cuisine and Malay cuisine the leaves of this plant are used for salad. The herb exhibits high anti-oxidant capacity and various medicinal properties, including anti-diabetic activity, anti-hypertensive properties, anti-inflammatory responses, bone-protective effect, and anti-microbial activity. The benefit of the herb is it can reduce blood glucose and blood pressure, promoting healthy bone formation, demonstrating anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties.

The studies have shown that an increased intake of vegetables rich in phenolic compounds is associated with a decreased risk of several chronic diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Cosmos Caudatus have exceptionally high anti-oxidant capacity, mainly due to its polyphenol content. Polyphenol-rich rich food are potent anti-oxidants, which protect cells against oxidative stress and reduce the risk of chronic disease. The anti-oxidant properties of Cosmos Caudatus play a crucial role in promoting significant health benefits and potentially reduce the harmful effect of oxidative stress.

# data[].attributes.body
Now let me continue describe all the herbs that we had plant the other day. The scientific name for “Hempedu Bumi” or “Pokok Cerita” is Andrographis Paniculata a.k.a King of bitter. This plant has been used for centuries in a number of cures in countries like China, India, and java. However, only recently was its actual potentialities discovered and has since captured the herbal and pharmaceutical market. It is now considered as a new promising herb for many ailments and is being tested for the treatment of many diseases including HIV, AIDS and the myriad symptoms associated with autoimmune disorders.

Leaves and the whole of the plant has been used as a treatment. It is also used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes, fever, worm infections, chronic bronchitis, leprosy, flatulence, colic, dysentery, and skin disease for an example burns, wounds, and ulcers. It is also good remedy for treating snake-bite and female disorder. Moreover, it is also protecting the insulin producing cells of the pancreas and improves glucose metabolism and diabetic retinopathy. Traditionally, the herb is also used for high blood pressure and modern research has also confirmed its gentle and safe hypotensive effects.

# data[].attributes.body
Today I want to explain the function of DXT tools. DEX stands for (DXT) Blood Sugar which is the tools to measure blood sugar in your body. They all involve pricking a finger with a needle to get a drop of blood, applying the blood to a testing strip, and having the monitoring machine measure the glucose from the testing strip. There are various “pokers” (lancing devices) on the market. Some are less painful than others, by virtue of an adjustable depth of penetration of the needle (lancet), the fitness of the needle, how much vibration is produced, and so on. The specific type of monitor and lancing device appropriate for you should be discussed with your diabetes educator.

The reasons why must check your blood sugar.

1. Monitoring shows you what your blood glucose is doing at the best of times, while you are feeling good and in your usual routine. This allows you to interpret the readings under more unusual circumstances. It also lets you to catch any changes in your glucose as time goes by.

2. It shows you how your blood glucose varies over the course of the day, indicating trends.

3. It shows you what happens to your blood glucose if there is a change in your diet, such as going out to supper.

4. It shows you what happens to your blood glucose when there is a change in physical activity, such as playing sports.

5. It shows you what is happening to your blood glucose in times of illness.

6. It shows you what happens to your glucose when there is a change in medication (for diabetes or any other illness), and where further changes need to be made.

7. To let you know if a sensation that you are feeling is due to a glucose that is too low or too high.

8. If recorded properly, it shows your doctor all of the above so that he can better advise you about your diabetes medications.

Blood glucose levels are measured in millimoles per litre of blood (mmol/L). Target ranges may differ depending on your age, duration of diabetes, the type of medication you are taking and if you have any other medical problems. Normal blood glucose levels are between 4.0–7.8mmol/L. If you level above 7.8mmol/L, the risk to have a diabetes is high.

# data[].attributes.body
Today is my off day but we had class with Ustaz. An hour class have been talk about the philosophy of Malay Traditional Medicine. It started with post-natal during the prophet Adam a.s when Siti Hawa giving birth. Our body have 4 elements which is fire (heat), earth (bones and muscles, water (blood), and air.

Imbalance of Elements and Disease:

1)      Imbalance of Water element

-          Cold, sinusitis, asthma, swellings, blood thinning or blood clotting, problem of urination, diseases of reproductive organs.

2)      Imbalance of Earth element

-          Weakness, obesity, cholesterol, weight loss, and weight gain, bones or muscular diseases.

3)      Imbalance of Fire element

-          Coldness or fever, skin diseases, increased coldness or heat in body, loss of vital energy, acidity, diabetes, and mental disorders.

4)      Imbalance of Air element

-          Nervous disorders, blood pressure problems, lung disorders, physical pains/deformities, depression, locomotors ataxia.

Before the modern medicine exists, the way they treat patient is based on 3 aspects which are time, day, and month. By these 3 aspects they can diagnosed the pain of the patient. Other than that, they also used the birth date as their guide. Besides, they also diagnosed through the patient’s name which is calculate the number of letters and associated with the 4 elements of human body.

Previous area, they measure temperature by using betel leaves or coleus blumei leaves. The leaves then put in the armpits and if the leaves look bruise, it means that the temperature of your body is high.  To measure air of your body is by using wet cotton and put it between your nose and mouth. After a few minutes, if the cotton dry it means that air in your body is hot. Then lastly, to measure blood is to check your pulse at the carotid artery (neck). If your pulse is faster, it means that your body is hot.

# data[].attributes.body
Today we went to Taman Tasik Chempaka to do some aerobic. It was fun actually. Thank you Cik Fahmi. Today I was in evening shift and I was observing one of my internship partner how she did the entry of new patients in the ward. Before this, I’m just looking at the staff did it but I’m not a fast learner. So today I asked my partner how she did it. First of all, register the patient same as before and add the contact number of the relatives’ maximum two persons. Then, give the requirements letter of ward to the relatives to give it a sign as agreement. Then, the payment of deposit is RM300 and then finish registration. After they make the payment, give the receipt and the relatives together with the patient can check in the ward.

# data[].attributes.body
I was doing the same task as the day before hut today I had learnt something new. There was a patient who was bleeding after did bekam lintah. The blood won’t stop even it has been covered by plaster. Then, I did a quick dressing by watching the staff nurse before. I can’t call the staff nurse in the ward because she busies to handle. So, I take this as opportunity to do something new.

First of all, the item that must have are alcohol swab, plaster, ubat gamat, coffee powder, cotton and gauze. First, remove the gauze and clean the blood with alcohol swab until the bleeding is stop. Then, dip the cotton with ubat gamat then add some coffee powder then attach it together with gauze at the bleeding spot. Then finish. If the bleeding doesn’t, ask them to do the same until the bleeding stop.

# data[].attributes.body
So now I want to talk about other herbs that we have planted the other day. In Malay, it is called “pokok rerama” or in scientific name, it is called Mariposa Christia Vespertilionis. It appears in different types of pattern and color. The benefits of this plant is the leaves can treat cancer because it contains active ingredient which has anti-cancer and anti-inflammation. Besides that, it can improve your antibody and treat diseases related to red blood cells.

Other than that, it is also can treat SLE, dengue fever, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, gastric, constipation, diarrhea, asthma, migraine, chicken pox, and sinusitis.

The treatment of this plant is you need to boil the leaves in the water and drink it. Based on studies that have been done by UPM, it confirmed that this herbs have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory.

# data[].attributes.body
Today I have an evening shift and while I'm sleeping at 10 am, Ustaz ask me to go down meet him at the office together with other student practical. Finally, Ustaz gave us an allowance RM 500 for this last month. Finally we got it. At least it can be our motivated to work harder this month so that the operation of this business can be more successful in the future. Thank God Alhamdulillah. :)

‘Mahkota Dewa’ / Phaleria Macrocarpa

Mahkota Dewa is the miracle herbs for cancer, diabetes, skin disease, high blood pressure, stroke, high cholesterol, weak kidneys, kidney failure, impotence, hepatitis, rheumatic (joints paint), gout, arthritis, heart disease, uric acid, hemorrhoid, tonsil, menstrual problems, vaginal infections, decreased libido, osteoarthritis, sinusitis, acne, obesity, cough, and fever.

Its contains 4 useful chemical for human body:

1)      FLAVANOID

-          Improving the blood flow

-          Reducing cholesterol

-          Reducing the chances of heart disease

-          Improve blood circulation throughout the body

-          prevent blockages in blood vessels

-          reduce the cholesterol content

-          reduce the levels of risk of coronary heart disease

-          contains anti-inflammatory

-          help to reduce pain if there is bleeding or swelling

2)      ALKALOID

-          Detoxification which can neutralize toxins in the body

3)      SAPONIN

-          Anti-bacteria and anti-virus agent

-          Reducing sugar level in blood

-          Enhance the immune system

-          Enhance the vitality

-          Reduce blood clotting

4)      POLIFENOL

-          Used as anti-allergic

-          Serve as an antihistamine (allergy)

Part of plants that can used as medicine:

-          Leaves – skin diseases such as eczema and hives

-          Fruit – antitumor, anti-dysentery, anti-insect, eczema, hepatotoxic, & antibodies

-          Fruit skin and flesh fruit – dysentery, psoriasis, and acne

# data[].attributes.body
‘Sambung Nyawa’ / Longevity Spinach

So today I was assigned at the ward in the morning. I feel so sleepy because last night I watched Japanese drama. Hehehe Sorry for that. Ok now I want to tell you about the benefits of the other herbs that we had planted. In Malay, we call it as ‘sambung nyawa’ but in English we call it as Longevity Spinach. But it’s scientific name is Gynura procumbens. It is found in China, Southeast Asia, and Africa. The plant grows wild but is also cultivated as a vegetable or medicinal plant. Its young leaves are used for cooking, such as with meat and prawns in a vegetable soup.

It has found its way around the world and is widely used as an accepted medicine for diabetes, HTN, and elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. In Singapore, Gynura procumbens is believed to lower blood pressure and sugar levels. Locals there will recommend you to eat 3 – 7 leaves daily in the raw form. It also has been used for the treatment of eruptive fevers, rash and kidney disease. The leaves of this plant continue to be used as folk medicine to control diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. Besides, it also protects the kidneys and retinas from damage caused by high blood sugar.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
manfaat daun sambung nyawa dan gambarnya,daun sirsak,daun dewa,daun salam,binahong,kumpulan manfaat daun sambung nyawa,daun sirih merah,daun sambiloto,

# data[].attributes.body
Anxiety disorder

Today I was assigned to sit at the registration counter and I found out this one patient who diagnosed with Anxiety Disorder. She is a teacher and came to get a treatment at PPQL. She went to the hospital to get treated but then the doctor suggests her to get a treatment at the psychiatrist and she told that she had a problem that she had difficult to sweat. Then Ustaz ask her to do massage, Terapi Alami, and physiotherapy to let her sweat. So now I will tell you about anxiety disorder.

What?

Many people feel nervous when faced with a problem at work,before taking a test, or making an important decision. But anxiety disorders are different which is they can cause such distress that it interferes with your ability to lead a normal life. This is a serious mental illness. Usually, the patient who diagnosed with this illness are commonly worry, and fear are constant and overwhelming, and can be disabling.

Types of Anxiety disorders

1) Panic disorder

- People with this condition have feelings of terror that strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning. Other symptoms of a panic attack include sweating, chest pain, palpitations, and feeling of choking. It can feel like you’re having a heart attack or going crazy.

2) Social anxiety disorder

- This involves overwhelming worry and self-consciousness about everyday social situations. The worry often centers on a fear of being judged by others, or behaving in a way that might cause embarrassment or lead to ridicule.

3) Specific phobia

- These are intense fears of a specific object or situation such as heights or flying. The level of fear is usually inappropriate to the situation and may cause you to avoid common, everyday situations.

4) Generalized anxiety disorder

- This is excessive, unrealistic worry and tension, even if there’s little or nothing to provoke the anxiety.

Symptoms

·         Feelings of panic, fear, and uneasiness

·         Problems sleeping

·         Cold or sweaty hands or feet

·         Shortness of breath

·         Heart palpitations

·         Not being able to be still and calm

·         Dry mouth

·         Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet

·         Nausea

·         Muscle tension

·         Dizziness

# data[].attributes.body
TODAY IS OFF DAY. YAHOOOOO.. I'm only stay at room and take a good rest to top up my energy. heheh. bye.

# data[].attributes.body
Aerobic

Sharp at 7.30 am my friends and I are ready to start our day by doing some exercise. Actually, our CEO, Mr. Fahmi have been told us before that he going to bring us to Taman Tasik Chempaka at Bandar Baru Bangi to do some exercise due to our hard working at PPQL without any activities. The aerobic session starts at 8 am and it is free of charge and it held openly at the tasik so that everyone can join it for free in order to practice a healthy lifestyle in their daily life.

Before that, we had running 1 lap of Taman Tasik Chempaka to warming up our body. Then, at 9.10 am the aerobic session started. I had enjoyed along the aerobic session and I feel that all my stress from work totally disappeared. Thanks to Mr. Fahmi for bring us to do such an exciting activity like this. So that in the future we hope for more activities such as wall climbing, zip line, abseiling and many more. Hehehehehe :P

# data[].attributes.body
Belalai Gajah

We have another new task given by the Supervisor, Mr Hasbee to take care of all the 8 herbs until we finish our practical at PPQL. Before that, we have a vote among us and I got Belalai Gajah which is also known as Sabah Snake Grass. Let me tell you about it since I also don’t know before.

Sabah Snake Grass is an herb grown usually in tropical weather countries, like Malaysia and Thailand. Its scientific name is Clinacanthus nuthans. It is a non-toxic edible plant. In Thailand they used it for treatment of skin rashes, and herpes, and also used to cure snake bites. Besides that, it is also used to treat patients with kidney failure in Indonesia. While in Malaysia, it is famous for having good effects on cancer patients, although it is also used to reduce symptoms of dialysis patients.

Research shows that Clinicanthus Nutans is a kind of edible plant, ant it contains extremely high levels of Flavonoids. It is containing a multiple of vitamins, minerals and amino acids that the body requires. Flavonoids is a substance that has anti-inflammatory effects and anti-oxidative effects. Rutin and Quercetin are the most important type Flavonoids. Rutin is routinely used for the treatment of gum inflammation and shows good effects. On the other hand, Quercetin can inhibit the negative effects of carcinogens. Soy bean is known to have large about of Flavonoids and thus soy bean milk is good for health.

# data[].attributes.body
Filing System

The other day, we are assigned to organize all the file of the patients. We are required to sort files alphabetically so that it will be easier to search the patient’s name. Besides that, all the data of the patients are not organizing properly due to the relocation of the PPQL from Seksyen 15 to Danau UKM. So, we are here to help them in organizing their patient’s data. Maybe in the future my friends and I will come out with the new method which is easier than before.

It takes only a night to settle all the organizing with the help of one of my member, Leen even though that night I have stomachache due to food poisoning. All the files are kept in the drawer at the ward so that it will keep all the patient’s data safe.

# data[].attributes.body
Diabetes

Intro

Half of the patients in the ward have been diagnosed with diabetes. Let me introduce a little bit about diabetes. Diabetes is a disease that affect how your body uses blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is vital to your health because it’s an important source of energy for the cells that make up your muscles and tissues.

Symptoms

Depending on how much your blood sugar is elevated. Some people, especially those with prediabetes may not experience symptoms initially. In type 1 diabetes, symptoms tend to come on quickly and be more severe. The symptoms are:

-          Increased thirst

-          Frequent urination

-          Extreme hunger

-          Unexplained weight loss

-          Presence of ketones in the urine

-          Fatigue

-          Irritability

-          Blurred vision

-          Slow-healing sores

-          Frequent infections, such as gums/ skin infections and vaginal infections

How insulin works?

Insulin is a hormone that comes from a gland situated behind and below the stomach (pancreas).

-          The pancreas secretes insulin into the bloodstream

-          The insulin circulates, enabling sugar to enter your cells

-          Insulin lowers the amount of sugar in your bloodstream

-          As your blood sugar level drops, so does the secretion of insulin from your pancreas.

Only this I can share with reader. Other than that I can’t explain because I am not a medic student. I’m just telling you what I’ve learn and understand during practical at the PPQL.

# data[].attributes.body
Slip disc

Ok now let me talk about slip disc since there are too many patients who came to get treated at PPQL have the same problem with their back pain. Slip disc occurs when the soft inner portion of the disk protrudes through the outer ring. Symptoms vary based on where the slipped disk occurs and if it compresses any of your spinal nerves. Slipped disk are not only common in older adults but also teenagers.

The spinal column is made up of a series of bones stacked onto each other. From top to bottom, the column includes seven bones in the cervical spine, 12 in the thoracic spine, and 5 in the lumbar spine, followed by the sacrum and the coccyx at the base. These bones are cushioned by disks. The disks protect the bones by absorbing the shocks from daily activities like walking, lifting, and twisting.

The lower back is one of the more common areas for slipped disks. Your spinal column is an intricate network of nerves and blood vessels. A slipped disk can place extra pressure on the nerves and muscles around it.

Symptoms are:

-          Pain and numbness, most commonly on one side of the body

-          Pain that extends to your arms or legs

-          Pain that worsens at night or with certain movements

-          Pain that worsens after standing or sitting

-          Pain when walking short distances

-          Unexplained muscle weakness

-          Tingling, aching, or burning sensations in the affected area

How to treat?

Usually at PPQL, Ustaz will suggest the patients to do ‘bekam lintah’ at the certain point that he/she feel pain. The highlight of the treatment is to remove the dirty blood or blood cloth at the certain points. Usually, after the treatment, the patients said that their body feel energized and more fresh. In medical method maybe it totally different but here I’m just want to talk about traditional medicine complementary that PPQL have been used to offer to the customer.

# data[].attributes.body
Nursing Home

PPQL also known as a private residential facility providing a high level of long term personal or nursing care for persons who are unable to care for themselves properly. It is a place of residence for people who require continual nursing care and have difficulty to do activities of daily living. So, here in PPQL, they offered services to take a good care all the residence. There are 6 skilled staff nurses hired in PPQL who are usually available 24 hours a day.

All the patients here are 13 of them which is 5 males and 8 females. The range age of the patients is from 30 years old - 89 years old. Every morning at 4.30am, all the patients will take to bath by the staff nurse and helped by ‘perawat’. Then, while waiting for their bath, other ‘perawat’ change their bed sheets.  After that, at 7am all the patients will take their breakfast. Then, from 8am until 12pm, the ‘perawat’ will conduct the patients in doing massage and physiotherapy watched by the staff nurse. Sharp at 12pm, the patients have their lunch. I forgot to mention that the diaper must change every 4 hours before they eat and before they sleep. At evening also ‘perawat’ must do reflexology to all the patients. At 6.30pm the patients will have their dinner. It is always given rice, fried fish, and vegetables with plain water. Here in PPQL, chicken is not allowed to give all the patients. At night, sharp at 10pm the staff nurse will switch off the lamp to let the patients sleep. Same goes to everyday.

# data[].attributes.body
Ryle Tube Feeding

In ward of PPQL, there were 4 patients who using Ryle tube to be feed. So now let me introduce a little bit about Ryle tube feeding. Ryle tube feeding also known as nasogastric tube (NG tube) which is a special tube that carries food and medicine to the stomach through the nose. It can be used for all feedings or for giving a person extra calories. Good nutrition is needed for your body to heal. Fluid is needed to prevent your body from getting dried out (dehydrated).

Take a good care of feeding bag and tubing is very important to make sure that they work properly. To avoid the skin around the nostrils, get irritated, a good care of the skin around it is very important.

Flushing the tube will help release any formula stuck to the inside of the tube. Flush the tube after each feeding. Other than that, there are important step to feed the patient to avoid from getting choking or difficulty breathing while feeding. Before or after feeding, fill the food container with the amount of water that the doctor prescribes. This provides fluids for you and flushes out the tube.

# data[].attributes.body
Massage

As we all know that in PPQL, they use massage therapy as their focus to treat the patients whether in ward or walk in customer. The type of massage that they have been practice here is totally different with what I had learnt in UMK. The type of massage that I had learnt more to relax the body while here, they more to deeper pressure in releasing chronic muscle tension. The focus is on the deepest layers of muscle tissue, tendons and fascia (the protective layer surrounding muscles, bones and joints).

The type of massage that PPQL offered to the patients here are Reflexology, Body Massage (whole body, half body), Prenatal massage, and trigger point therapy. Massage therapy can be an important part of your health maintenance plan by:

·         Reducing or eliminating pain.

·         Improving joint mobility.

·         Improving circulation.

·         Improving lymphatic drainage.

·         Reducing muscular tension.

# data[].attributes.body
Today I was duty in the ward and as usual my task is to record all the activities that have been made by the patients. But today, I want to talk about Hypotension since every time I checked all the patient's BP, they always ask what is the normal range for normal blood pressure that we could have.

Hypotension

Low blood pressure also known as hypotension where blood pressure in your arteries is abnormally low. Naturally, low blood pressure is unlikely to cause any symptoms and is normally nothing to worry about. But if your blood pressure drops too low, it can restrict the amount of blood flowing to your brain and other vital organs, which can cause unsteadiness, dizziness or fainting.

What is low blood pressure?

The heart pumps a constant supply of blood around the body through arteries, veins and capillaries. Blood pressure is a measure of the force of the blood on the walls of the arteries as the blood flows through them.

It's measured in millimetres of mercury (mmHg) and recorded as two measurements:

systolic pressure – the pressure when your heart beats and squeezes blood into your arteries

diastolic pressure – the pressure when your heart rests between beats

For example, if your systolic blood pressure is 120mmHg and your diastolic blood pressure is 80mmHg, your blood pressure is 120 over 80, which is commonly written as 120/80.

Normal blood pressure is between 90/60 and 140/90. If you have a reading of 140/90 or more, you have high blood pressure (hypertension). This puts you at greater risk of developing serious health conditions, such as heart attack or stroke.

People with a blood pressure reading under 90/60 are usually regarded as having low blood pressure.

Why do I have low blood pressure?

You can have low blood pressure for many reasons, including the time of day, your age, the temperature, any medication you may be on, an injury, and some illnesses.

Treatment

Naturally low blood pressure doesn't usually need to be treated unless it's causing symptoms such as dizziness or recurrent falls. There are also various things you can do to help limit symptoms of low blood pressure, including:

standing up gradually and avoiding standing for long periods of time

ensuring you are well hydrated

wearing support stockings

adding more salt to your diet eating smaller meals more often

# data[].attributes.body
Today I was duty at the registration counter. There were not many customer today due to the "solat Jumaat". But we still got customer to handle. So now, I want to talk about High Blood Pressure (Hypertension).

Definition

High blood pressure is a common condition in which the long-term force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease.

Blood pressure is determined both by the amount of blood your heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow in your arteries. The more blood your heart pumps and the narrower your arteries, the higher your blood pressure.

You can have high blood pressure (hypertension) for years without any symptoms. Even without symptoms, damage to blood vessels and your heart continues and can be detected. Uncontrolled high blood pressure increases your risk of serious health problems, including heart attack and stroke.

High blood pressure generally develops over many years, and it affects nearly everyone eventually. Fortunately, high blood pressure can be easily detected. And once you know you have high blood pressure, you can work with your doctor to control it.

Symptoms

Most people with high blood pressure have no signs or symptoms, even if blood pressure readings reach dangerously high levels.

A few people with high blood pressure may have headaches, shortness of breath or nosebleeds, but these signs and symptoms aren't specific and usually don't occur until high blood pressure has reached a severe or life-threatening stage.

Causes

There are two types of high blood pressure.

1.     Primary (essential) hypertension

For most adults, there's no identifiable cause of high blood pressure. This type of high blood pressure, called primary (essential) hypertension, tends to develop gradually over many years.

2.     Secondary hypertension

Some people have high blood pressure caused by an underlying condition. This type of high blood pressure, called secondary hypertension, tends to appear suddenly and cause higher blood pressure than does primary hypertension. Various conditions and medications can lead to secondary hypertension, including:

Obstructive sleep apnea

Kidney problems

Adrenal gland tumors

Thyroid problems

Certain defects in blood vessels you're born with (congenital)

Certain medications, such as birth control pills, cold remedies, decongestants, over-the-counter pain relievers and some prescription drugs

Illegal drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamines

Alcohol abuse or chronic alcohol use

# data[].attributes.body
So today I was duty at the ward together with staff nurse Kak Ema. We got new patient from Kuantan Che Engku who was diagnosed with left stroke. She can even walk and moved by wheel chair. Other than that, I tend to assist one of the patient to do some activities such as Terapi Alami. It's so bad that I forgot to snap a picture during his activities. So now, I want to talk about the benefit of Terapi Alami. It has 7 steps to complete all the terapi. Each steps need to spend about 5 minutes and finish all the steps in 20 minutes.

Step 1: Zon Pasir Halus
The patient need to scrub the soles of the feet with fine sand. It can remove the dead skin on feet.

Step 2 : Zon Pasir Kasar
Next, the patient need to walk in the sand area. It can increase the quality of sleep and improve your posture.

Step 3 : Zon Batu Halus
The patient need to walk on the smooth stone. It helps to improve your blood circulation.

Step 4 : Zon Batu Kasar
The patient need to walk on the hard stone. It can help in stimulate the reflexology points on the body through the soles of the feet.

Step 5 : Zon Tanah
The patient need to walk on the soil. It can help you in detoxification of the disease from the body into the ground.

Step 6 : Zon Air Tanah
The patient needs to soak feet into the "Air Tanah" to neutralize your body.

Step 7 : Zon Air Bersih
Then the patient need to soak their feet into the clean water to clean up their feet.

# data[].attributes.body
Sorry again for the late update of my padlet. Yesterday I was duty at the registration counter and I felt very bad due to stomachache. But I still stay strong to work. Many of patient who came to PPQL have different type of disease. But there is one disease that I have been interested. It's called Epilepsy. The patient was in 6 years and he's a boy. So now I will talk all about Epilepsy.

What is Epilepsy?

Epilepsy is a condition in which a person has recurrent seizures. A seizure is defined as an abnormal, disorderly discharging of the brain's nerve cells, resulting in a temporary disturbance of motor, sensory, or mental function.

There are many types of seizures, depending primarily on what part of the brain is involved. The term epilepsy says nothing about the type of seizure or cause of the seizure, only that the seizures happen again and again. A stricter definition of the term requires that the seizures have no known underlying cause. This may also be called primary or idiopathic epilepsy.

Episodes of abnormal electrical activity within the brain result in seizures.

The specific area of the brain affected by the abnormal electrical activity may result in a particular type of seizure.

If all areas of the brain are affected by the abnormal electrical activity, a generalized seizure may result. This means that consciousness is lost or impaired. Often all the person's arms and legs stiffen and then jerk rhythmically.

One seizure type may evolve into another during the course of the seizure. For example, a seizure may start as a partial, or focal, seizure, involving the face or arm. Then the muscular activity spreads to other areas of the body. In this way, the seizure becomes generalized.

Seizures caused by high fevers in children are not considered epilepsy. Also see children's seizures.

Epilepsy Causes

Healthy people may have seizures under certain circumstances. If the seizures have a known cause, the condition is referred to as secondary or symptomatic epilepsy. Some of the more common causes include the following:

Chemical imbalance such as low blood sugar or sodium

Head injuries

Certain toxic chemicals or drugs of abuse

Alcohol withdrawal

Stroke, including hemorrhage

Birth injuries

Tumor

Epilepsy Symptoms

Almost any type of behavior that happens repetitively may represent a seizure.

Generalized seizures: All areas of the brain are involved in a generalized seizure. Sometimes these are referred to as grand mal seizures.

To the observer, the person experiencing such a seizure may cry out or make some sound, stiffen for some seconds, then have rhythmic movements of the arms and legs. Often the rhythmic movements slow before stopping.

Eyes are generally open.

The person may not appear to be breathing. The person is often breathing deeply after an episode.

The return to consciousness is gradual and should occur within a few moments.

Loss of urine is common.

Often people will be confused briefly after a generalized seizure.

Partial or focal seizures: Only part of the brain is involved, so only part of the body is affected. Depending on the part of the brain having abnormal electrical activity, symptoms may vary.

If the part of the brain controlling movement of the hand is involved, for example, then perhaps only the hand may show rhythmic movements or jerking.

If other areas of the brain are involved, symptoms might include strange sensations or small repetitive movements such as picking at clothes or lip smacking.

Sometimes the person with a partial seizure appears dazed or confused. This may represent a partial complex seizure. The term "complex" is used by doctors to describe a person who is between being fully alert and unconscious.

Absence or petit mal seizures: These are most common in childhood.

Impairment of consciousness is present with the person often staring blankly.

Repetitive blinking or other small movements may be present.

Typically, these seizures are brief, lasting only seconds. Some people may have many of these in a day.

Other seizure types exist particularly in very small children.