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What Douglass is saying in this quote is that because the mulattos are increasing in number in the south one of the religious justifications of slavery should be done away with. In this biblical allusion God curses Ham and all of his descendants to be slaves, therefore all black people are slaves according to the bible. But because of the mulattos it can be argued that they are no longer of direct descendence from Ham due to their white father.

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In this quote Douglass is stating the opposite from what people think because of his actual experience as a slave. When writing about the songs of the slaves he wrote of them as deep emotional pieces not songs to sing when one is happy. So when he went to the north and saw people argue slaves sing when they're happy, he knew it was wrong. This was from his personal experience of being a slave.

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Douglass uses a logical argument against slavery when writing about the mulattos : "...It is nevertheless plain that a very different-looking class of people are springing up at the south... it will do away with the force of the argument, that God cursed Ham, and therefore American slavery is right" (3)

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Douglass evokes an emotional response from the reader when describing the whipping of Aunt Hester: "Before he commence whipping Aunt Hester, he too her into the kitchen, and stripped her from neck to waist... he commenced to lay on the heavy cowskin, and soon the warm, red blood (amid heart-rending shrieks from her, and horrid oaths from him) came dripping to the floor" (4).

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Douglass stated, "I have been utterly astonished, since I came to the north, to find persons who could speak of the singing, among slaves, as evidence of their contentment and happiness... Slaves sing most when they are most unhappy" (8).

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Douglass uses very descriptive words in order to maximize the emotions the reader feels. From stripping her to hanging her on a hook like an animal in a butcher shop. It all serves to evoke emotion and further strengthen his argument against slavery, in this case by showing the cruelty of it. He goes on further to describe how this event was a new and lasting memory for him as a child.

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University of Maryland, Baltimore Writing Center

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What is Reason? (Logos) | How to Craft an Argument

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University of Maryland, Baltimore Writing Center

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What is Character? (Ethos) | How to Craft an Argument

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Persuasion through ethos is persuasion through character. Since character is built on trust, you need to demonstrate to your audience that their values are also your own. Please download our "Persuasion: Character" handout here: http://www.umaryland.edu/media/umb/oaa/campus-life/writing-center/documents/Persuasion-Character.pdf

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Logos is a statement, sentence or argument used to convince the target audience with reason or logic.

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Represents credibility or an ethical appeal which involves persuasion by the character involved.

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Persuasive tool used to stir up emotions of pity, sympathy, and sorrow.