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Native Daughters is a collection of stories, profiles and multimedia projects about a diverse group of Native American women.

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Native Daughters is a collection of stories, profiles and multimedia projects about a diverse group of Native American women. They are healers and warriors, story tellers and law makers, leaders, environmentalists and artists. It is our intention that these stories are just a starting point to learn about Native American women and we hope women across the country will join in and share their voices.

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Si se puede! Dolores Huerta co-founded the United Farm Workers Movement with Cesar Chavez in the 1960's. This is a short clip with many clips linked to it for additional exploration.

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DOLORES HUERTA: I think the one thing that really kind of hooked me for life was going to the home of some workers who did not have linoleum or wood on their floor, only dirt. And yet these are people who are working. They're working very hard, and you know that this is wrong.

Growing up as a person of color, you just see so many injustices. As a teenager, you saw the way that I was treated, my friends were treated. And it just-- at some point you just wish that things were different.

Conditions in the fields were very bad. Farm workers are not respected at all, to the point that they didn't have toilets in the fields for workers. They didn't have cold drinking water. Workers were earning, like, maybe $0.75 an hour.

I said, Cesar, I think the only way that we can do this is if we boycott all California table grapes. And Cesar thought no, I think we should boycott potatoes because this particularly grower also had potatoes. And so I said, well, you know when people think of potatoes, they think of Idaho, they don't think of California.

[CHANTING]

Boycott grapes. Boycott grapes.

So we went ahead and started the grape boycott.

One of the tactics that we used very successfully is we got the chain stores to take the grapes out of the whole chain.

[SHOUTING]

During the strike, there were times when my home was terrorized in the middle of the night, my windows broken when I'm there alone with my children. And we had shotguns and rifles aimed at us. When you're in the movement, when you're on this path for justice, you know that things are going to happen.

Within months we were able to win the boycott.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

We, as women, that we've got to put big lights around our accomplishments, right, and around our ideas, and not feel that we're being egotistical when we do that because it's a way of letting the world know that yes, we as women can accomplish great things.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

DOLORES HUERTA: At some point I remember being in a meeting of the United Farm Workers when all of the guys were just making sexist comments. And so I just started jotting down every time somebody made a sexist comment. And so at the end of the meeting Cesar would always say, does anybody else have anything they want to add to the agenda or anything to add to the meaning, and I just said, during the course of this meeting you, saying to the men on the board, have made 58 sexist comments. And of course they were shocked.

And no one said anything. But at the next meeting I kind of did the same thing. We forgot about it. And they ended up like with 23 sexist comments. So finally we got them down to five. And then the three. Of them maybe but then it was like they would come in the room and they would just be really careful about what they were saying. But I think it was important that we start-- we had to start from the top. So to speak.

DOLORES HEURTA: I believe that it's almost like natural that especially men will appropriate the work of women as theirs. And I think women, often, we don't think in terms of fighting for our ideas or fighting to make sure that our work is recognized. And again, when we think of the quote on quote team effort, it's kind of natural that we just give our ideas and give our work away and don't even think about how we put our name or our stamp on that work. We as women have to figure out a plan to make sure that we get credit for the work that we do.

DOLORES HUERTA: In the year 2006 on May 1st there were probably millions of Latinos marching around the immigration issue. And they were all chanting, Si, se puede, which in Spanish means, yes, we can. Well I originated that phrase. But everyone thinks that Cesar originated it, right? So I like to sometimes when I speak in front of a audience and especially Latino audience, and Si, se puede was originated by Dolores Huerta. And of course everybody laughs and claps when I say that. So-- but it's always a little awkward. But I think that it's also important for women to be able to take credit for the work that they do.

DOLORES HUERTA: So many of us think that we have to shower our children with so many material toys and benefits and things of this nature. And the most important thing is to give your children values and to teach them how to do things for others. From the time that they're growing up, that is again inculcated in them as children. And never ask your children do you want to go to a march, do you want to go to a demonstration or a picket line. Say to them we're going. Don't give them the chance to say no because even though they might complain, when they grow older, they'll be so thankful. And we want to give our children an inheritance of justice, right? Not jewels or property or money because they'll just fight over it, right? So the main thing to do is to give them this love for justice. And so that they can feel early on when they're young that they are part of a movement.

DOLORES HUERTA: I've got quite an arrest record. And that's for civil disobedience. You know. Civil disobedience. And actually most of the arrests though were just because we would go into the fields to talk to workers, and they would arrest us. And in fact, sometimes, we got arrested before we even spoke to the workers. You know, we just drive up to the fields, and then the police would just get us and arrest us.

I think everybody should go to jail some point in time. I think because when you're in jail, then you see people that are there that probably shouldn't be there. And I imagine now it's even worse than it was then.

DELORES HUERTA: I was raised with two brothers. And I think that made me think differently. I have an older brother, and I have a younger brother. So my mother, because she worked two jobs, you know, we were after the Depression when she was raising us. And so we were alone a lot. And so I did everything that my brothers did. I mean that was very natural to me. You know, we climbed the trees, and you know we played the Cowboys and Indians. And whatever my brothers did, I did. When they had their clubhouses, you know with all the boys, I was always been to the clubhouse because they needed a secretary, right? And so that was my brother's way of including me in everything that we did.

So it was kind of unusual for me to just see that women would just hang out with women. And that was novel to me.

DELORES HUERTA: During the grape boycott, while the farm workers went and they told stories. They went to churches, they went to union meetings. Community organizations. We passed thousands of leaflets on the street. I mean we would have in Grand Central Station, we were passing out like 20,000 leaflets a day. Grand Central Station, at the bus stops, at the theater district. Everywhere. We just blanketed the city with leaflets. We didn't have the money to pay for media. So we did it all with leaflets. And it was effective. And then farm workers would picket in front of the stores.

And we had like volunteers. We had schoolchildren in Long Island that would have their speakers bureau of junior high school kids that would go out to other schools and talk to other kids about the boycott. We had the teachers union that had a little video about boycotting the grapes by my young daughter, Juanita, was only like three years old. And she made a video saying boycott grapes. Right? So. I mean it was just, you know, just reaching everybody.

DOLORES HUERTA: I think the woman's moment really gave me the inspiration. I might say. Even though I did had this wonderful childhood with seeing my mother as a dominant figure of the family. Seeing this woman who was a business woman who could do so much, that was unusual. But then when I got into this other setting with farm workers, where women were more subservient, and it was different. It was very different for me. I almost had to kind of learn a role that I didn't-- I hadn't grown up with.

So when you saw people like Gloria Steinem and Jane Fonda and people like that really getting out there in the front, it just made a tremendous amount of difference. It was-- it gave me like permission to be able to go out there, and not only be a leader in what I was doing, but to be able to put on that mantle, you know. And say I'm a leader.

DOLORES HUERTA: César Chávez and I started the Farm Workers Union. We had our constitutional convention for our union. And César was at the podium, running the meeting. And then he steps down from the podium and he says, did you get someone to nominate you for the vice presidency? And I said, no, I don't want to be an officer. I just want to serve.

And so then he said, well, you are crazy. You've got to get someone to nominate you right now. So I did, I went and got somebody to nominate me. And I think that was a typical mentality that women had and still have today. We have been so inculcated with this idea that we are the nurturers and the servers, that we don't think of ourselves as the leaders and the decision-makers. So that was something that I had to learn, that it's OK to be in a position of leadership, and in a position where you are giving orders and guidance to other people.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

DOLORES HUERTA: I love to quote Benito Juarez who was the first indigenous president of the Americas, in Mexico. And he had this wonderful saying, that said, Respecting other people's rights is peace. Respecting other people's rights is peace. And I use that quote when I talk not only about women's right to choose, women's right to abortion, but also when it comes to women-- anybody's right about who they want to marry, who they want to live with, in terms of gay rights and lesbian rights. You know. Respecting other people's rights is peace.

DOLORES HUERTA: I was 25 years old. We wanted to pass this bill that would give people who were legal immigrants of the country their old age pensions. These are people whose children had gone to war, and so I went to see the assemblyman, and after I explained to him the bill that I wanted him to vote for, he threw his hotel key across the desk and said, come and see me at my hotel tonight if you want my vote. So I just stood up and walked out. I didn't even honor that with a response. I just stood up and walked out the door.

The sexual harassment was something that was prevalent. You just expected it to happen. I remember working and having to run around the desk every night. How could I get out of here without the boss trying to make a pass at me? Every single day, having to scheme, how am I going to get out of this office? And I think for younger women today, at least, we know that still happens. But now, at least women have a recourse-- somewhere that they can go to take care of a situation like this.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

DOLORES HUERTA: Cesar and I both came out of this organization called the Community Service Organization. And Cesar actually didn't really pay very much attention to me. I was always following him around like a groupie, because I knew he was this great organizer. And he would just ignore me.

But then at one convention that I stood up and gave my report about we were trying to end the guest worker program of the time called the bracero program. And what I had done in my particular community to get 800 jobs for some of the farm workers that had been locked out because of the bracero program. Well, he was there, Mr. Fred Ross was there. Saul Alinsky from the Industrial Areas Foundation. They were all very impressed with my report.

Later on, when we were working together in Los Angeles, Cesar was organizing farm workers, and I had organized another group of farm workers in northern California. But both groups fell apart when we turned them over to their two other unions. So it was at that point that Cesar said, no, farm workers will never have a union unless we do it, unless you and I do it. And that was the beginning of the United Farm Workers.

[MUSIC PLAYING]

DELORES HUERTA: I think we've got to change the way women are raised. And we're taught that we have to not get our little dresses dirty. That we can't be out there wrestling with our brothers. And our sisters. That we can't fight because that's not ladylike. And so as a result it just makes it so easy for us that we cannot defend ourselves physically, we can then be dominated and manipulated on the emotional level. On the psychological level. And then on the political level. And so we are not taught to be strong.

So that's why it's-- you know we think it's unusual then, which it shouldn't be unusual, that a woman can get out there and do things as well as a man can do.

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Dolores Huerta is a union leader and an activist for the rights of farm workers and women. Along with Cesar Chavez, she founded the first successful farm workers union in the country, the United Farm Workers, in 1962. She is a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

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African American Suffragists History Forgot 

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African American Suffragists History Forgot 

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The African-American Suffragists History Forgot

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You have to be pretty tough to carry a bowling ball around while riding a horse for an entire day. That's what it's like for 13-year-old Aisholpan, an aspiring eagle huntress, who takes on a male-only tradition in Kazahkstan, even without support of the nomadic tribe's elders.

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The Eagle Huntress || A Sony Pictures Classics Release

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Filmmakers

Otto Bell

Director

Otto Bell runs Courageous, a commercial studio of filmmakers and designers based in New York. He has directed over fifteen documentary films as far afield as Uganda, Japan, Egypt and Vietnam for brands such as IBM and Philips. During a decade in the industry, he has also created and produced multi-award winning world affairs programming such as "Horizons" on BBC World News and "Shunya" on Times Now of India. Otto is a graduate of Oxford University and the prestigious WPP Fellowship Scheme. He lives in Manhattan, but originally hails from Northern England.

Pierre Takal

Editor

Pierre Takal is an Emmy-winning editor and composer with over twenty years of experience. His credits include ONE DIRECTION: THIS IS US, a 3D feature documentary directed by Morgan Spurlock; "This American Life," the television series with Ira Glass for Showtime; and the documentary "DMC: My Adoption Journey," for which he won an Emmy.

Simon Niblett

Director of Photography

Simon Niblett has shot around 200 documentaries and dozens of commercials in over 150 countries on all seven continents. Based in the UK, he has seen the rapid changes in technology over the 30 years. From a simple film camera in the 80s and early 90s, he is now able to use drones, cranes, motorized tracks and multiple cameras to achieve shots previously requiring a small army of technicians. THE EAGLE HUNTRESS is a great example of a tiny crew producing something cinematic in the harshest of environments.

Morgan Spurlock

Executive Producer

Morgan Spurlock is an award-winning writer, director, producer, and president and founder of full-service New York-based production studio Warrior Poets. His first film, SUPER SIZE ME, premiered at the Sundance Film Festival 2004, winning Best Directing honors. The film received an Academy Award ® nomination for Best Feature Documentary.

Since then he has directed, produced and distributed film, television and digital projects. His credits include the films CZECH DREAM, CHALK, WHAT WOULD JESUS BUY?, WHERE IN THE WORLD IS OSAMA BIN LADEN?, FREAKONOMICS, POM WONDERFUL PRESENTS: THE GREATEST MOVIE EVER SOLD, MANSOME, COMIC-CON: EPISODE IV - A FAN'S HOPE, ONE DIRECTION: THIS IS US, and the WGA Award-winning and Emmy nominated "The Simpsons 20th Anniversary Special: In 3-D! On Ice!"

Spurlock's television work includes the series "30 Days" (FX), "A Day in the Life" (Hulu), "Mansome" (Yahoo!), "7 Deadly Sins" (Showtime), "Dark Horse Nation" (History Channel), "Morgan Spurlock Inside Man" (CNN), and "American Takedown," among others.

Daisy Ridley

Executive Producer/Narrator

Daisy Ridley is an English actress best known for her breakthrough role as Rey in the 2015 film, STAR WARS: THE FORCE AWAKENS. She will reprise her role as Rey in STAR WARS: EPISODE VIII set to be released by Disney December 15, 2017.

Since appearing in STAR WARS VII, Ridley voiced the lead role of "Taeko" in the 25th Anniversary re-release of Studio Ghibli's classic animated film, ONLY YESTERDAY, which opened earlier this year.

Ridley has several films in the pipeline such as the supernatural drama KOLMA. The film, directed by Marielle Heller, will reunite her with her with J.J. Abrams who will produce.

Daisy is the recipient of a 2016 Oscar Wilde Award. The non-profit US-Ireland Alliance created the event to recognize the contributions of the Irish in film.

Susan MacLaury

Executive Producer

Susan MacLaury is the co-founder and executive director of Shine Global. Susan executive produced the Emmy Award winning, Academy Award ®-nominated documentary WAR/DANCE, THE HARVEST ("La Cosecha"), the Academy Award ® winning documentary short INOCENTE, and 1 WAY UP: THE STORY OF PECKHAM BMX in 3D. She is currently producing Shine's upcoming film THE WRONG LIGHT (aka SELLING OUR DAUGHTERS). MacLaury is also in charge of the educational outreach and social advocacy efforts for all of Shine's films. She is has degrees in both social work administration and health education and was associate professor of health education at Kean University from 1994 through 2013.

Dan Cogan

Executive Producer

Dan Cogan is the Executive Director and Co-Founder of Impact Partners, a fund and advisory service for investors and philanthropists who seek to promote social change through film. Since its inception in 2007, Impact Partners has been involved in the financing of more than 60 films, including THE COVE, winner of the 2010 AcademyAward ® for Documentary Feature; HOW TO SURVIVE A PLAGUE, nominated for the Academy Award ® in 2013; THE HUNTING GROUND; THE QUEEN OF VERSAILLES, winner of the U.S. Directing Award at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival; DETROPIA, winner of the Editing Award at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival; FREEHELD, the 2008 Academy Award ® winner for Documentary Short Film; THE GARDEN, Academy Award ® nominee for Documentary Feature in 2009; and HELL AND BACK AGAIN, winner of the Documentary Grand Jury Prize and Cinematography Awards at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival and an Academy Award ® nominee for Documentary Feature.

Regina K. Scully

Executive Producer

Regina K. Scully is the Founder and CEO of Artemis Rising Foundation, a philanthropic organization dedicated to developing and promoting media, education, and healing projects that transform our culture. She is the Founder and CEO of RPR Marketing Communications, a premier Public Relations Agency in NYC, specializing in exclusive consumer products and brands.

Scully is a social entrepreneur, education and media activist, and documentary filmmaker. She is also one of the leading communications and media consultants in the country, speaking at schools, conferences, and companies around the world. A 30-year veteran in the fields of journalism, public relations, brand marketing, and media literacy, Ms. Scully has a successful track record of building and producing successful premier brands, projects, and films that integrate cause-related issues, social media, and outreach campaigns.

Scully is an Academy Award ® nominated producer of THE INVISIBLE WAR which won the 2012 Sundance Audience Award. She is also a three-time Emmy Award winning producer and has executive produced a number of award winning documentaries including MISSREPRESENTATION, THE HUNTING GROUND, ALIVE INSIDE, DREAMCATCHER, PROPHET'S PREY, and FED UP.

Barbara Dobkin

Executive Producer

is a pioneer in the Jewish community as a donor-activist for programs to empower women and girls, Barbara Dobkin is one of the most visible and committed advocates for social change. She was the Founding Chair of Ma'yan, a program of The JCC in Manhattan, the Jewish Women's Archive in Boston and the Hadassah Foundation. She was a founder of Advancing Women Professionals and the Jewish Community and is the immediate past board chair of American Jewish World Service. She also served on the boards of The Women's Funding Network, The White House Project, the Women Donors Network and Lilith Magazine. She presently chairs the board of the Dafna Israeli Fund, a feminist foundation in Israel. A frequent speaker on women's philanthropy and leadership, she is a significant supporter of and adviser to a variety of not-for-profits, both Jewish and secular in the U.S. and internationally. Barbara has been recognized by several organizations including the New York Women's Foundation, the Jewish Funders Network and the Council on Foundations for her innovative philanthropic work.

Asher Svidensky

Co-Producer

Asher Svidensky is the photographer whose stunning images of Aisholpan first captivated the world. THE EAGLE HUNTRESS would not have happened without him.

After finishing his military service in the Israeli army, Svidensky pursued his dream to be an art and documentary photographer. While photographing eagle hunters in Bayan Olgii, he decided to document the future generation of apprentice hunters. With one day left in Mongolia, he found Aisholpan.

In addition to serving as co-producer on THE EAGLE HUNTRESS, Svidensky also contributed to the filming of the eagle capture scene and the Golden Eagle Festival.

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The Eagle Huntress || A Sony Pictures Classics Release

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Filmmakers Director Otto Bell runs Courageous, a commercial studio of filmmakers and designers based in New York. He has directed over fifteen documentary films as far afield as Uganda, Japan, Egypt and Vietnam for brands such as IBM and Philips.

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Katharine Johnson and the first computers.

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Katharine Johnson and the first computers.

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Newsela | Inventors and Scientists: Katherine Johnson

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As a young girl she loved numbers, which paved her way to career solving complex calculations for America's space program.

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I DIssent Ruth Bader Ginsburg Makes Her Mark.I will be reading this out loud to my students and discussing how difficult it has been for womyn to achieve equality in the legal system.

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I DIssent Ruth Bader Ginsburg Makes Her Mark.I will be reading this out loud to my students and discussing how difficult it has been for womyn to achieve equality in the legal system.

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Research how women were perceived in sports over time. For example, did you know that less than 50 years ago womyn were only allowed to play 1/2 court basketball?

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Newsela | World Cup champion U.S. women soccer players demand equal pay

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Five women on the World Cup-winning U.S. soccer team have filed a complaint demanding equal pay. They earn much less than U.S. men soccer players, who have not won a World Cup.

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If your image of a computer programmer is a young man, there's a good reason: It's true. Recently, many big tech companies revealed how few of their female employees worked in programming and technical jobs. Google had some of the highest rates: 17 percent of its technical staff is female.

It wasn't always this way. Decades ago, it was women who pioneered computer programming - but too often, that's a part of history that even the smartest people don't know.

I took a trip to ground zero for today's computer revolution, Stanford University, and randomly asked over a dozen students if they knew who were the first computer programmers. Almost none knew.

"I'm in computer science," says a slightly embarrassed Stephanie Pham. "This is so sad."

A few students, like Cheng Dao Fan, get close. "It's a woman, probably," she says searching her mind for a name. "It's not necessarily [an] electronic computer. I think it's more like a mechanic computer."

She's thinking of Ada Lovelace, also known as the Countess of Lovelace, born in 1815. Walter Isaacson begins his new book, The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution, with her story.

"Ada Lovelace is Lord Byron's child, and her mother, Lady Byron, did not want her to turn out to be like her father, a romantic poet," says Isaacson. So Lady Byron "had her tutored almost exclusively in mathematics as if that were an antidote to being poetic."

Lovelace saw the poetry in math. At 17, she went to a London salon and met Charles Babbage. He showed her plans for a machine that he believed would be able to do complex mathematical calculations. He asked Lovelace to write about his work for a scholarly journal. In her article, Lovelace expresses a vision for his machine that goes beyond calculations.

She envisioned that "a computer can do anything that can be noted logically," explains Isaacson. "Words, pictures and music, not just numbers. She understands how you take an instruction set and load it into the machine, and she even does an example, which is programming Bernoulli numbers, an incredibly complicated sequence of numbers."

Babbage's machine was never built. But his designs and Lovelace's notes were read by people building the first computer a century later.

The women who would program one of the world's earliest electronic computers, however, knew nothing of Lovelace and Babbage.

As part of the oral history project of the Computer History Museum, Jean Jennings Bartik recalled how she got the job working on that computer. She was doing calculations on rocket and cannon trajectories by hand in 1945. A job opened to work on a new machine.

"This announcement came around that they were looking for operators of a new machine they were building called the ENIAC," recalls Bartik. "Of course, I had no idea what it was, but I knew it wasn't doing hand calculation."

Bartik was one of six female mathematicians who created programs for one of the world's first fully electronic general-purpose computers. Isaacson says the men didn't think it was an important job.

"Men were interested in building, the hardware," says Isaacson, "doing the circuits, figuring out the machinery. And women were very good mathematicians back then."

Isaacson says in the 1930s female math majors were fairly common - though mostly they went off to teach. But during World War II, these skilled women signed up to help with the war effort.

Bartik told a live audience at the Computer History Museum in 2008 that the job lacked prestige. The ENIAC wasn't working the day before its first demo. Bartik's team worked late into the night and got it working.

"They all went out to dinner at the announcement," she says. "We weren't invited and there we were. People never recognized, they never acted as though we knew what we were doing. I mean, we were in a lot of pictures."

At the time, though, media outlets didn't name the women in the pictures. After the war, Bartik and her team went on to work on the UNIVAC, one of the first major commercial computers.

The women joined up with Grace Hopper, a tenured math professor who joined the Navy Reserve during the war. Walter Isaacson says Hopper had a breakthrough. She found a way to program computers using words rather than numbers - most notably a program language called COBOL.

"You would be using a programming language that would allow you almost to just give it instructions, almost in regular English, and it would compile it for whatever hardware it happened to be," explains Isaacson. "So that made programming more important than the hardware, 'cause you could use it on any piece of hardware."

Hopper retired from the Navy Reserve as a rear admiral. An act of Congress allowed her to stay past mandatory retirement age. She did become something of a public figure and even appeared on the David Letterman show in 1986. Letterman asks her, "You're known as the Queen of Software. Is that right?"

"More or less," says the 79-year-old Hopper.

But it was also just about this time that the number of women majoring in computer science began to drop, from close to 40 percent to around 17 percent now. There are a lot of theories about why this is so. It was around this time that Steve Jobs and Bill Gates were appearing in the media; personal computers were taking off.

Computer science degrees got more popular, and boys who had been tinkering with computer hardware at home looked like better candidates to computer science departments than girls who liked math, says Janet Abbate, a professor at Virginia Tech who has studied this topic.

"It's kind of the classic thing," she says. "You pick people who look like what you think a computer person is, which is probably a teenage boy that was in the computer club in high school."

For decades the women who pioneered the computer revolution were often overlooked, but not in Isaacson's book about the history of the digital revolution.

"When they have been written out of the history, you don't have great role models," says Isaacson. "But when you learn about the women who programmed ENIAC or Grace Hopper or Ada Lovelace ... it happened to my daughter. She read about all these people when she was in high school, and she became a math and computer science geek."

Lovelace, the mathematician, died when she was 36. The women who worked on the ENIAC have all passed away, as has Grace Hopper. But every time you write on a computer, play a music file or add up a number with your phone's calculator, you are using tools that might not exist without the work of these women.

Isaacson's book reminds us of that fact. And perhaps knowing that history will show a new generation of women that programming is for girls.

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The Forgotten Female Programmers Who Created Modern Tech

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If your image of a computer programmer is a young man, there's a good reason: It's true. Recently, many big tech companies revealed how few of their female employees worked in programming and technical jobs. Google had some of the highest rates: 17 percent of its technical staff is female.

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What famous inventions can be directly attributed to womyn? Big question, why are there less womyn in science than men?

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Newsela | Women in STEM careers mentor girls interested in coding

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Women software developers and website designers are in the minority in their positions - for now.

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Explore the timeline of events and why womyn for years were not allowed to vote.

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Newsela is an Instructional Content Platform that supercharges reading engagement and learning in every subject.

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As you work on fractions, have students look at what percent of a dollar a woman makes relative to a man. (students can research this
What does that mean over a life time?
What does that mean when over 50% of households are headed by single moms?

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The gender pay gap varies substantially from state to state, due to factors such as:

The primary industries in the state and the opportunities they create

Demographics such as race/ethnicity, age, and education level

Regional differences in attitudes and beliefs about work and gender

Differences in the scope and strength of state pay discrimination laws and policies

Explore Your State STATE WAGE GAP DATA
The gender pay gap occurs across almost all occupations and industries:

Male-dominated industries tend to have higher wages than industries and occupations made up mostly of female workers;

In a comparison of occupations with at least 50,000 men and 50,000 women in 2017, 107 out of 114 had statistically significant gaps in pay that favored men; six occupations had no significant gap; and just one had a gap favoring women.

In some occupations, women collectively are receiving billions less than they would with equal pay; for instance, women working as physicians and surgeons are paid $19 billion less annually than if they were paid the same as men in that occupation.

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The Simple Truth About the Gender Pay Gap: AAUW Report

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The gender pay gap varies substantially from state to state, due to factors such as: The primary industries in the state and the opportunities they create Demographics such as race/ethnicity, age, and education level Regional differences in attitudes and beliefs about work and gender Differences in the scope and strength

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Why do we need a day without women march?

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Why do we need a day without women march?

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What is the purpose?
What are they trying to draw attention to?
What types of jobs will be impacted?
What do you think people will learn?

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WASHINGTON ― Dozens of schools up and down the East Coast have announced they will be closed on Wednesday as their teachers, the vast majority of whom are women, participate in the "Day Without A Woman" strike to protest President Donald Trump.

All 16 public schools in Alexandria, Virginia, Chapel Hill-Carrboro City Schools in North Carolina, and at least one preschool in Brooklyn, New York, have canceled classes for International Women's Day on March 8, anticipating staff shortages.

The Maple Street School in Brooklyn sent a letter to parents last week explaining that the preschool supports the political statement teachers are making by staying home. The school is still offering "backup care" that day to those who need it.

At Maple Street we have taught our kids, your kids, to have a voice, to use their words kindly but firmly, to always have a plan and think about the how and the why. We practice with them how to protest, how to march for a cause, the importance of giving back to their communities, how to identify injustice and we show them how much we love and truly support their diverse lives, personalities and family by embracing their individuality rather than pretending its not there.... [In] this spirit, we as a staff will show our kids that not only do we talk the talk but we do actually practice all that we teach them.

The strike, created by the organizers of the historic Women's March on Washington, asks women around the world to skip work, wear red and avoid spending money for a day. The purpose is not only to protest some of Trump's offensive statements and policies regarding women, but to underscore how integral women are to the world economy.

Wednesday's protest will also remind the public how essential women are to education: More than three-quarters of kindergarten through high school teachers in the United States are women. Entire school districts are unable to operate without them.

Alexandria City Public Schools' website announced that more than 300 staff members requested leave for , which "may be" attributed to observance of the strike. Though schools will be closed, many early childhood and afterschool programs will continue to meet. "This is not a decision that was made lightly," the message reads.

Similarly, Chapel Hill-Carrboro City Schools announced last week that the district would be canceling classes because of the high volume of teachers interested in participating "Day Without A Woman."

"I asked our school principals and central office department heads to survey staff to find out how many absences would occur," Jim Causby, superintendent of the Chapel Hill-Carrboro City public school system, said in a statement. "The results came back, and the number was significant. In fact, it is my determination that we will not have enough staff to safely run our school district."

The strike is also affecting higher education institutions. The New School, a university in New York, announced support for the strike after nearly 20 female faculty members wrote a letter to their colleagues urging them to cancel classes. The school granted faculty members " flexibility " in canceling classes and urged all managers to be "as receptive as possible" to any staff who participate. Leadership also effectively gave students a green light to miss class.

"We encourage faculty not to mark students absent if they have communicated their intentions ahead of time and made the necessary arrangements with you," university provost Tim Marshall wrote in a statement.

Of course, not all female teachers are able to sit out a school day this week. But even those who can't strike are finding their own ways to make a statement.

"I'd likely lose my job if I just didn't show up," said Rachel Wright of Salt Lake City. "So, I will wear red, not spend money and incorporate a lesson about Women's History Month."
CORRECTION: This article initially said The New School had canceled classes on March 8.

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'Day Without A Woman' Strike Is Closing Schools Around The Country

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WASHINGTON ― Dozens of schools up and down the East Coast have announced they will be closed on Wednesday as their teachers, the vast majority of whom are women, participate in the "Day Without A Woman" strike to protest President Donald Trump.

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We celebrate women but they don't make equal pay, have adequate rights

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We celebrate women but they don't make equal pay, have adequate rights

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This article is from Newsela. You have the ability to level the article.

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Newsela | We celebrate women but they don't make equal pay, have adequate rights

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Separate is Never Equal Sylvia Mendez & Her Family's Fight for Desegregation.

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Separate is Never Equal Sylvia Mendez & Her Family's Fight for Desegregation.

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This book is about how there also separate schools for white and brown children. Then when the father takes up the fight for his children to attend the "white" school the mother steps in and runs the farm so that he can go to court.