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School attendance in America at the beginning of the 19th Century was undemocratic. This picture would change dramatically by the end of the 19th Century, when education would become more practical and increasingly, if not yet equally, accessible to all.  The first Great Awakening one hundred years earlier focused on spiritual regeneration. It strengthened evangelical denominations such as Methodists, Baptists, Congregationalists and Presbyterians. The second wave had a social impact, generating popular support for temperance, the abolition of slavery, and other social reforms, including universal education.

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A desire to reform the U.S. also arose out of the Second Great Awakening. Women’s involvement in the revival provided support for the women’s rights movement. The Awakening led to the opening of Mount Holyoke College by Mary Lyon, only after the abolition movements started by the 2nd Great Awakening. Mount Holyoke has led the way in women's education. A model upon which many other women's colleges were patterned, it quickly became synonymous with brilliant teaching and academic excellence.  Oberlin was the first college to accept women Mary James Patterson, she was the first black women to earn a college degree.

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Born on September 23, 1800, in West Finley Township (near Claysville), Pennsylvania, William McGuffey's elementary school series appeared from 1836 to 1857. They were collections of didactic tales, aphorisms and excerpts from great books and reflect his view that the education of young people required their introduction to a wide variety of topics and practical matters. They became standard texts in nearly all states for the next 50 years, selling more than 125 million copies.

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Noah Webster accomplished many things in his life. Not only did he fight for an American language, he also fought for copyright laws, a strong federal government, universal education, and the abolition of slavery. Webster had a conversion experience during the Second Great Awakening, whereupon he became an orthodox Calvinist and an ardent Congregationalist.Webster thought a virtuous and well-educated citizenry ensured the preservation of freedom.

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As a social reformer, he was influential in the promotion of the temperance movement, which was aimed at prohibiting the use of alcoholic beverages. He also worked to help establish a state insane asylum. While the idea of an insane asylum may seem offensive by today's standards, this was a progressive approach to improving mental health in the 19th century.

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Women, when fighting for the equal right to vote, sometimes based their belief on God’s word. During the antebellum period many women fought for their rights, a battle fought mainly as a result of the Second Great Awakening. In July of 1848 the first women’s rights convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York. Elizabeth Cady Stanton had the task of drawing up the Declaration of Sentiments that would define the meeting. Taking the Declaration of Independence as her guide, Stanton submitted a document including that, "all men and women had been created equal.” Following 2 days of discussion, 100 women and men signed the Declaration of Sentiments. This was the beginning of a fight for change.

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Convention was led by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton two abolitionists who met at the 1840 world  anti-slavery convention in London. As women Mott ans Stanton were barred from the convention floor. Working with Martha Wright, Marry Ann McClintock, and Jane Hunt set out a call for women's conference to be held at seneca falls.

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The Second Great Awakening fueled the women’s rights movement. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was one of the two leaders of the Women’s Rights Movement. In 1869 they formed the National Woman Suffrage Association. It’s primary goal was to achieve voting rights for women by the Congressional amendment to the Constitution. Elizabeth Cady Stanton also had the task of drawing up the Declaration of Sentiments that would define the meeting. Taking the Declaration of Independence as her guide, Stanton submitted a document including that, "all men and women had been created equal.” Following 2 days of discussion, 100 women and men signed the Declaration of Sentiments. This was the beginning of a fight for change.

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The Cult of Domesticity was the idea that the women's role in life was to be a moral teacher and supervisor for her children, as well as, her husband.
This "cult" arose popularly after the Second Great Awakening, as a need for moral counselor became present. There were generally two different types of women than sprang from the Second Great Awakening: those who embraced the new roles and those who sought to emerge into greater roles.

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Enlightened thinkers rejected the preaching of "moral superiority of men" and knew that a republic could only succeed if its citizens were virtuous and educated. The primary caretakers of American children are American women. If the republic were to succeed, women must be schooled in virtue so they could teach their children. This idea of an educated woman became known as "Republican Motherhood."