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370 BC - In the Phaedrus ( dialogue ) :
shows us speech between Socrates and Phaedrus going from normal themes to political disscusions
- Showing us how Socrates was pretty against writing things down ( people will rely too much on written word and could use it out of the context)
- time of spreading informations by word of mouth ( only rich people had access to hand-written media like letters and codices)

1452 - Johannes Gutenberg : printing press
- faster information sharing, media   was cheaper and more people became literate
- Church and people on high places had problems with bigger mass of the people who are now literate
1517  - Martin Luther - 95 Thesis
- Translated bible to German because he believed everyone has right to interprate bible by their own view of it
18th Century - 1st mass media -> Newspaper : media literacy became really important
- Penny Press Era :
- anyone could get newspapers
- profit is prioritised more than truth
JOSEPH PULITZER and WILIAM R. HEARST : - YELLOW JOURNALISM

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History of Media Literacy, Part 1: Crash Course Media Literacy #2

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-before online shopping- advertisers didn't know what you were looking at
traditional advertisements were contextual- they were put in specific places- billboards, TV or magazines
-advertisers targeted different groups of people: teenagers, elders, business professionals, white and black people...
-first came display ads- like print ads, they'd just sit on your screen
-the web cookie- made ads stronger- they follow you around the web and report back on your habits
-addressable advertising- sometimes referred to as behavioral targeting
-whit Instagram or any other app you use, with the right clause hidden in all the Terms of Service, you information can be sold to third parties
-data tracking can determine what kind of content you see elsewhere- when we browse Amazon or Netflix, they provide us with suggestions based on stuff we've already seen
-sponsored content- anything from an Instagram post to a documentary
-nothing online goes away-
-BEING ONLINE=TRACKING

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Online Advertising: Crash Course Media Literacy #7

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-for every conscious reaction, our mind also has a subconscious reaction and response

-schema- a thoudht pattern; a way the brain understands a task, the desired outcome of that task and the strategyfor getting there

-the efficiency ideal for everyday tasks is not ideal for parsing complex and new information

-the brain is good at completing pictures and taking shortcuts, it also uses prior knowledge to fill in the blanks

-we're vulnerable to misinformation because of our desire to make sense of the given information, to see the whole instead of its parts

-false memory-our brain completes a scenario with a plausible one. As a result, it's easier to create a memory than to change one

-conformation bias- the brain hunts for inforamtion we believe to be true. Social media is designed to reward conformation bias.

-"satisficing"- satisfying and sufficing- accepting information presented even if it's not true.

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Media & the Mind: Crash Course Media Literacy #4

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https://youtu.be/9iUjvNtgWAs

History of media lit part two

How the newspaper became the first mass media.At the turn off the penny press wars, another medium was about to go boom.
The first motion pictures were shown in the 1980’s , and popula culture as we know it took its first steps off the printed page.
Them radio broadcasts soon brought the news, music and more right into people’s homes.

By the 1950 television sets joined in.After that personal computers becomes.
Its the 20th century ,every where were
tv shows,radios.

David is an internationally recognized expert on children's and young people's interactions with electronic media, and on media literacy education.
Now, when I say "media", I'm talking about a couple of different things. The literal definition of media is the plural of medium, or multiple mediums, so to speak. And a medium is a substance or method in which something is communicated. It's the vehicle for a message.

Books, films, paintings, songs, TV shows, poems, video games, magazines, podcasts, music videos, newspapers, web forums, coupons, email newsletters, tweets, straight-to-dvd sequels, receipts, traffic signs, both good and bad street art, Snapchat stories, those word of the day calenders your aunt always buys you, protest signs, embarrassing but cute childhood photos you post on throwback Thursday, breaking news push notifications that give you a mini heart attack, sex-ed pamphlets about your changing body, and by blu-ray copy of the second highest grossing film of all time, Titanic - those are all media.
When you think about it that way, it makes sense that we spend so much time consuming media. Whether you're at work, or school, or just hanging out, chances are you're almost always interacting with some sort of artifact of communication. As a culture, we often stick a "the" in front of "media" to refer collectively to mass communication. It's an umbrella term we use to talk about the widely-distributed newspapers, TV channels, websites, radio stations, movie studios, and more that create and distribute information, like CNN, the New York Times, NPR, Disney, or YouTube.

Whether you're talking about media as in multiple mediums or "the media" - and during this course we'll be talking about both - the ability to navigate the media is a powerful and crucial skill. Media scholars refer to this skill as media literacy. As a field of study, media literacy comprises and overlaps many different theories and subjects, from critical thinking and psychology to linguistics and ethics in technology.
Okay, media literacy lesson number one: understanding the differences between media messages and media effects. Media messages are the values and ideas that are promoted by the media, the things that get put into them. Media effects are their influences and consequences on audiences.
But talking about media in terms of these inputs and outputs is way, way too simple. Media doesn't just broadcast one easy-to-understand message straight into our brains. And readers and viewers don't just agree with whatever they say and move on with their lives. The creator's experiences and environment affect everything they create. Their messages are filled with tons of baggage. And we consumers have our own baggage, too, which determines how we react to and interpret messages.

Media scholars, cultural critics, and plenty of other smart, academic types have long understood that we need to think about messages and effects in a far more nuanced way. For instance, take British sociologist Stuart Hall's theory of encoding and decoding, popularized in 1973. Hall wrote that before a message is distributed, it is encoded by the creator during its production. The message the creator wants to send is written in a code of sorts using a host of pre-understood meaning, symbols, and definitions that they think or hope the recipient will understand.

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History of Media Literacy, Part 2: Crash Course Media Literacy #3

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Media- the plural of medium or multiple mediums

We are almost always interacting with some sort of artifact of communication.

The ability to navigate the media is a powerful skill.
Media scholars refer to this skill as media literacy.

That's ability to acces, analyze, evaluate, create and act using all forms of communication.

Media Literacy Lesson #1: understandin the differemce between media messages and media effects.

Textual determinism is rejection of Hall's theory of encoding and decoding.

Stuart Hall

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Introduction to Media Literacy: Crash Course Media Literacy #1

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- psychologists and sociologists researches - brands use them to  persuade us to buy something
- ADVERTISEMENT - public notice promoting a product, event or service
- PR (PUBLIC RELATIONS) - management of the relationship between the public (us) and brand
- PROPAGANDA - information distributed with a direct purpose of promoting certain point of view
-  MARKET RESEARCH - discover what makes us want to buy things - important for advertisers --> peer pressure (we want to fit in)
- HIERARCHY OF NEEDS - advertisements use different combinations of those needs and hope we will respond by buying their product --> important for influence on consumers
PERSUADING METHODS
1. authority - it's more likely that we will believe someone if we think that person is an expert
2.  likeability - if we trust them and like them (celebrities)
3.  consistency - if we already heard all the best about the product
4. consensus - if it's popular we believe it is good too
5. traditional wisdom -  if our elders used it too
6. false dilemma - limited number of choices
7.  red herring - presentation of something irrelevant just to distract you from some issues

- advertisements use all of the methods above to change your mind and buy their things

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Influence & Persuasion: Crash Course Media Literacy #6