# data[].attributes.body
Who: Government of state/nation
What: Raise taxes on imports to raise their price, making them less attractive
Why: Keep the money inside the nation, protecting domestic industry
When: Ex. Tariff of 1816 (first by Congress)
Where: Dallas, Texas
How: Increases price for overseas goods making home goods look better price wise
Citation: https://www.britannica.com/topic/protective-tariff

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Who: People who want to vote
What: The right to vote
Why: Gives your voice in what happens in the country, what makes a democracy
When: Black suffrage was 1870 (15th amendment)
Where: D.C.
How: Gives the right to participate in elections, which in turn affects how the country is run
Citation: https://www.britannica.com/topic/suffrage

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Who: Justices of Supreme Court
What: Review the constitutional validity of legislative/executive act
Why: To keep the other branches in check
When: 1803
Where: D.C.
How: By having the judicial branch review what the other branches are doing it makes sure no one branch has too much power
Citation: https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/judicial_review

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Who: Chief Justice John Marshall
What: First time using judicial review for interpreting the constitution
Why: Gave the judicial branch a lot more power
When: 1803
Where: D.C.
How: Used the Judiciary Act of 1789 to use the power
Citation: www.history.com/topics/marbury-v-madison

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Who: McCullough and Maryland Government
What: Proved that the Constitution had the power to create a second bank and Maryland did not have the power to tax the bank
Why: First case where federal power ruled over state power
When: 1819
Where: D.C.
How: Supreme court decided in favor of federal government
Citation: www.history.com/topics/mcculloch-v-maryland

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Who: Eli Whitney
What: Machine made for separating cotton from its seeds
Why: Increased the demand for slaves
When: Validated 1807
Where: Affected the South U.S.
How: By increasing the speed of cotton production, more slaves were needed to pick cotton
Citation: https://ehistory.osu.edu/articles/invention-cotton-gin

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Who: Political parties
What: The winning political party would give public office to its supporters
Why: Gave an incentive to support the party
When: Reached height in 1860, declined in 1883
Where: United States
How: Appointed loyal members of the party to public office
Citation: https://www.britannica.com/topic/spoils-system

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Who: Thomas Jefferson
What: Purchase of the Louisiana Territory from the French
Why: Got rid of all (most) European powers in North America and expanded the growing country
When: 1803
Where: North America
How: Thomas Jefferson bought it from Napoleon of France
Citation: www.history.com/topics/louisiana-purchase

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Who: Stephen A. Douglas
What: Authority of a state and its government is created and sustained by the people, through their elected representatives
Why: People are the reason the government is run and sustained, people have the power not the government
When: 1850's
Where: U.S.
How: People's votes elected officials, which did what the people wanted them to do
Citation: www.u-s-history.com/pages/h228.html

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Who: James Monroe
What: Principle of U.S. policy that foreign powers in the Americas is a threat to the United States
Why: End the Age of Imperialism in America and protected the Americas from future colonization
When: 1823
Where: Americas
How: By protection of the U.S. military the Americas was no longer allowed to be colonized
Citation: www.history.com/topics/monroe-doctrine

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Who: Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser
What: Two slaves who created large scale rebellions
Why: Encouraged slaves to fight for their freedom and natural rights in America
When: 1831 and 1800
Where: Virginia
How: Led groups of slaves to rebel against their masters and kill them
Citation: https://amstudz12.wordpress.com/gabriel-prosser-vs-nat-turner/

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Who: Scott and Sandford
What: Supreme Court case that ruled the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional
Why: Slaves were not entitled to citizenship or rights under the constitution
When: 1857
Where: D.C.
How: Congress could not control territorial legislatures, therefore it was the constitution only that applied
Citation: https://www.britannica.com/event/Dred-Scott-decision

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Who: Native Americans
What: Route along which the United States government forced Native Americans to migrate west of the Mississippi river
Why: Native Americans where not treated as citizens and set the tone for the future
When: 1820's to 1840's
Where: United States
How: Forced migration, killed thousands
Citation: www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/trail-of-tears

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Who: 68 women and 32 men
What: First women's rights convention to be organized by women
Why: This started the movement for women's rights, such as suffrage
When: 1848
Where: Wesleyan Chapel
How: By signing a Declaration, like the founding fathers, they were committed to getting those rights
Citation: www.historynet.com/seneca-falls-convention

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Who: United States
What: Belief that the expansion of the US throughout America was both justified and was going to happen
Why: Showed American dominance on the world stage and the growing country gained natural resources
When: 19th century
Where: American continents
How: By expanding their land they became a more powerful, respected country
Citation: ttps://www.britannica.com/event/Manifest-Destiny

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Who: William Lloyd Garrison
What: Anti-slavery newspaper which showed the positive and negatives of slavery
Why: Drew attention to abolition causing a war of words of supporters and people who opposed
When: Jan. 1, 1831
Where: Boston, Massachusetts
How: The newspaper was widely read and raised attention to the problem of slavery
Citation: www.ushistory.org/us/28a.asp

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Who: Slaves
What: Slaves were freed and no longer considered slaves but citizens
Why: Slaves were now citizens and could vote. They were no longer enslaved
When: 1865 (of slavery)
Where: United States
How: Congress voted to abolish slavery
Citation: www.history.com/this-day-in-history/slavery-abolished-in-america

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Whig and Know-Nothing political parties 

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Whig and Know-Nothing political parties 

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Who: Political parties
What: Know nothings won the election so much that they created an official party called the American party
Why: This new party destroyed the Whig party as a significant number left from that party
When: 1854
Where: D.C.
How: By winning by so much they eradicated the other party (Whig)
Citation: www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Know-Nothing_Party

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Who: Andrew Jackson
What: Confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government
Why: Adopted the ordinance to nullify the tariff acts and label them unconstitutional
When: 1832-1837
Where: United States
How: Carolina declared it was to nullify the tariff acts
Citation: www.u-s-history.com/pages/h333.html