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Part 1 - History

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Material used in the early day of the cinema

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Material used in the early day of the cinema

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At the end of the 1800's celluloid film was created. This was also the invention of the camera, which moving sequence image then become available. Celluloid made this possible so therefore you could film moving images.

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These early films did not use any sort of editing technique. This was because the technology was not available. These early videos can only be seen by one person.

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What Editing Techniques were used the early form of cinema?

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What Editing Techniques were used the early form of cinema?

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The editing techniques that was used in the early form of the cinema was known as in camera editing. This would involve stopping the camera on what was being filmed and then moving somewhere else or getting the next scene ready then to carry on filming.

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Pioneers

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The Lumiere brothers were two french inventors. They used celluloid film. With the invention of the camera which could capture moving sequence images which then became available.

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The moviola machine was the machine that was used to edit early camera footage. This would used tapes that could be 2 or more hours long. To edit these tapes you would have to cut the tape to the part that you want and then stick the tape back together and feed it back into the moviola machine.

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Earliest Films and the Editing Techniques

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Earliest Films and the Editing Techniques

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This was one of the Lumiere brothers films were they used the in camera editing. They would stop the camera on what was being filmed. He we see them filming a train this would be a represent life and what was going on in the world with people getting the train.

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Porter would edit the tapes and shots. He would cut them together. This would create narrative or a story for the audience to follow.

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This was another Lumiere brothers film were we would workers leaving the factory. We see a cut were a horse comes into the film.

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Lumiere Brothers - Still of 1st ever film - shot on the 19th March 1895

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One of the films that Porter made was The Great Train Robbery which shown some bandits robbing a train it used cuts and also had narrative and story which was the first of its time.

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Melies is also a editor who uses surreal editing. The techniques the create disorientating or dream like sequences.

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One film that Melies made was A Trip To The Moon. This used props and and editing techniques to create a story. This is were wizards travel to the moon and capture a alien. He used a human face with whipped cream to create the moon.

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Developments

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This is a cheap and low quality type of film reel. This 16mm was often used in homes.

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This was more expensive than the 16mm his was because it was used in cinema industry. This was seen as a dangerous in the early years as e film reel was extremely flammable

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Explain the methods of cutting, splicing and joining

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Explain the methods of cutting, splicing and joining

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First you would find the part of film that you want. After doing this you would you slice that clip from the film, you would do this using he slicer.

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You would then place half of he film into the slider. In the slider there is a red line that tells you were to put both of the films together.

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Inside the slider there is pegs that help keep both tapes still as you put them together.

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You would then tape one side together and smooth the tape out so there is no air bubbles. You would then repeat this step on the side of the film.

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The feed the tape through the film.

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One of the camera editing is called editing on the fly. This is when someone picks scenes from TV Shows or Films. This is when they want to shorten down scene to fit a specific time scene.

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Linear is when there is a continuous editing.

Non Linear editing therefore you can see the editing being made.

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Purpose

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ERyVAL5mt7E

The slow motion was used in this to to break up some of the actions scene and the fighting. The dictator would of also of used the scene to show the style of the film and the vast amount of enemy's that he is facing.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYCuN6rU4A0

The dictator has sped up this scene when the vampires are running this is to show that the vampires has power which are super speed. It also shows how much faster they are then humans and also normal time itself.

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In Film and TV Shows they use flashbacks to further the story and show why someone is this way or it to tell the audience about previous events. A flash forward is also used to further the story and show events from the future of a film or TV Shows.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aThb7mEXqEI

Football matches only show the highlights of the game because if they shown the whole game their may be boring parts of the game if this happens the audience may find it boring and stop watching the TV. Also showing the highlights makes the TV show more entertaining for the viewer.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r7y-5yUk9HI

In this clip they use linear editing this is so the clip is being continuous editing and so the scene is free flowing. This makes it easier for the audience to understand what is going on in this scene and it also keeps the audience more involved with the TV Talk Show.
In the talk show they also use a 180 degree angle this is the 180-degree rule is a basic guideline regarding the relationship between a character and another character or object within a scene. On this you can see on the tv the relationship with the two people on screen.

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Continuity Editing

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A cut is the most basic shot of transition. A cut is an abrupt, but usually film transition from one scene to another.
Some examples of a cut are seen here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7LXQg6t4q2A

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An action match refers to film editing and also video editing where the editor cuts from one shot to another view that matches the first shot's action.

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In Film and Video the cutaway shot is the interruption of a continuously filmed action by adding a view of something else in the same scene. This is used to change the scene seemly without the audience knowing.

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A eyeline match is were the audience gets to see what the character is looking at. This means where the eyeline of the charter is.

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The shot reverse shot is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another character and then we can see the other character is shown looking back at the first character. This is used so that the audience can see the facial expressions and emotions of both characters.

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The dissolve is the most basic of shot transitions. It is in essence using two shots together.

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The fade is also one of the most basic of shot transitions. It is in essence using two shots together. There is two fade's in film. The first being a

Fade In - Beginning of a scene

Fade Out - End of a scene

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A wipe is a film transition where one shot replaces another by travelling from one side of the frame to another or with a shape.

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Alternative Editing Styles

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A montage is an editing technique in which shots are added together in a fast-paced fashion that adds a lot of information in a short period.

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2. The Battleship Potemkin The Battleship Potemkin is first and foremost a propaganda film. The story gives an exaggerate...

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A split screen is when in cinema, television, or a computer screen two or more images are displayed.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YNmFocIWzz8

In the film Scott Pilgrim Vs The World they use split screen at this certain part of the film that I have linked we see a split screen being used this is to show the girl that Scott is looking at but also what Scott is doing while looking at her. This is to show the audience how nervous Scott is while looking at the girl.

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A jump cut is when there is an abrupt transition from one scene to another.

It is used to show another scene abruptly.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WrdCC9ZHhwY

In the film A Space Odyssey they use a jump cut when the ape throws a bone into the sky and then it jump cuts into space showing the earth.

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A Freeze Frame is when a single frame freezes this causes a motionless image from a scene.

This is used to show the audience a specify scene this could be so that the audience can find something in the scene or making the audience focusing on this scene more.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ejMA-okgm9I

In this link we can see a freeze frame being used in the film Goodfellas. This is used so therefore someone can narrate over the scene giving the scene meaning and narrative.

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This is when a image is placed on top of an already-existing image or video. This is usually to add to the overall image effect.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQNqrxkcoj0

In this clip we can see a superimposition happen when a image is over another image or another video.

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Continuity Editing is sometimes deliberately broken because of stylistic reasons and this also it helps to create narrative to the story a example of this is seen in the film pulp fiction.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7EdQ4FqbhY

In this film they brake the continuity editing this is to create narrative to the story. It also helps to make the film more stylish in the editing.

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The 180 Degree Angle is broken in film and TV because it makes the audience feel uncomfortable and also makes them feel nervous.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4KFM_CLoQ0

In this clip we can see the 180 degree angle being broken and also how it makes the audience feel. The nerve it has and also how uncomfortable and confused it makes the audience.

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Video Analysis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SdoVioPv0fs

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Fade has been used in this scene at the start of the trailer. We see the has then it fades and we see inside of the house. They have done this to show how normal the house looks from the outside and then it fades to inside the house and we see how dark it is inside. The fade goes dark this represents the mood in the house.

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A cut has been used in this scene because we first see the door of the room that the daughter has just been thrown in. It then cuts to the lock on the door. Then we see another cut to the look being pulled on as we hear the sound of the daughter desperately trying to open the door. The cut has been used in this scene to show the rush of the girl trying to open the door.

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Slow motion has been used in this scene as we see carrie and her prom date on top of the stage the scene then goes slow. As we see something in the background fall this is to indicate that Carrie is about to use her powers. They have used slow motion to show happiest then to show that her destructive powers will always return.

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Eye line match has been used in this scene to show how dramatic the scene is as we see the mother and the daughter fighting about Carrie going to the prom. Eye Line Match has been used in this scene on how the connection with the daughter and mother has been broken.

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A jump cut has also been used in the trailer. It has been used when we see Carrie at her prom and we see her powers destroying the prom. In this scene they use a jump cut to show how the Carrie is reacting to events and we also see the destruction that she is using doing at the prom. The jump cut is used because they can show both events in quick fashion.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RIyzJoagd_4

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I was asked to create a music video for a song of my groups choice. I was also asked to plan a clear idea of the music video with this being why we picked the video, safety hazards and also the budget.

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We came up of the idea of music video to show the past events of are main character and how is life has changed and where the events of his past has took him. We decided to do this idea because the song fits the idea and how the artist in the song is talking about himself and uses the phrase "Picture Me" and with this we thought it fit in well with the idea of the music video.

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To construct the storyboard of the music video the group all listened to the song that we will be using in the music video and thought of ideas that would fit the song well. We then picked the best scenes and thought how these scenes can tell a story then the group started to drawn the scenes onto the storyboard.

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In the recce we went to the locations that we would be using. In the recce we spoke about the lowry car park and how their may be cars in the way. To prevent this we went to a part of the car park that had no cars in the area and filmed there. We also used the abandoned house but didn't enter it as we didn't have any permission to enter it, so therefore we filmed outside of it. We also filmed were their wasn't a lot of the public in the area. This is the same as the risk assessment with the wires from the camera and also the legs of the tripod. To avoid tripping over these we made sure we knew where we was walking.

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We changed the idea where we filmed inside the abandoned building. Instead of this we filmed in a green screen room. We had to do this because we didn't get permission to enter the abandoned building. Therefore we used the green screen room to act as inside of the abandoned.

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While editing the music video, I made it so all the scenes that was set in the past had a grey colour tone. This is because scenes in the past are often seen as being in grey because its the past. I also used fade transitions in the music video as this brakes the scenes up. It also fades to black when it is about to go to a scene which is set in the past as it matches the grey colouring.

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In the music video I created meaning with the colour and the grey colour this is to represent the past scenes, this creates meaning as we know the story is also set in the past and also how troubling his past was. I also slowed down the scene when something upsetting in the artist life is happening on the scene.

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In the group there was three people me, Tom Hughes and Ela Acir. In the group we could all communicate well together. This made it easier to talk about ideas in the music video and also the scenes we will use. With having 3 people in the group you can have different outputs and also different ideas. This could be for the music video and also for the editing of the music video.

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Things that could be improved on in the group is that people would do a equal amount of work in the group and not leave others to do more. When we was filming it could be improved if some times we didn't mess and filmed the scenes quicker without messing.

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One strength in the group is that we are all close friends therefore we could clearly talk to each other and clearly understand the idea that the group was giving.

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The weakness is that the group didn't work as a equal as some people done more than others in the group this made it slower to finish the music video.

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Class mates has said that the music video is well made and also has a clear story to it.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tn4hRtCcKo4

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I was asked to edit together a interview from a continuous scene of a interview. I had to cut the scene up and make it into a interview which had cuts and transitions.

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In the interview I added cuts to other scenes. I also used a fade to cut some of the scenes up. The camera angles that was used in the interview are a close up shot when the interviewer is speaking or when cheekz is speaking. I also used a two shot camera angle when I shown both the interviewer and cheekz in the same scene.

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I also used a green screen in the interview. This was used when cheekz was preforming and singing. She was singing in front of a green screen. The first picture that I used for the green screen was a picture of Manchester, this was because cheekz is based in Manchester. The second photo that I used in the green screen was a photo of media city, Salford quays. This was because the interview was filmed from media city so therefore I picked that for the photo on the green screen.

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One decision that I chose to make when editing the interview was to have cheekz singing and preforming at the start of the interview. I did this so the viewer knew the artist that they was listening to and had also heard her rap.

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Another decision that i chose to make when editing the music video was to do a close up of the person who is talking. If both are talking in the interview I would do a two shot therefore you can see both. I have done this so therefore the main focus would be on the person talking.

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What worked well when editing the music video:

- There was a lot of content to edit with this made it easier to edit.

- There was also a lot of camera angles to choose from. Therefore there could of been 3 different camera angles for one scene, this also made it easier to edit.

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When editing it was difficult to get the sound of the voices to sync with the actors when they are speaking this was a difficult to do when editing the music video. Also to make the video look smooth and to have no cuts mid way threw the scene this was difficult to do.