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Māori Economic Development (Clare Manson)

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Māori Economic Development (Clare Manson)

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Māori chiefs led economic development through choosing not to reserve any share of payment for land for himself, but would distribute the money throughout the community, providing maximum benefit to those within the tribe, thus acquire a name for himself- one of generosity and of dignity. In this way, the chief’s mana (power) was enhanced and the tribe would reap many benefits through being strengthened and elevated in power as a result of the generosity of the chief.

Products of greenstone, wheat, pork, potatoes, dairy, flax, seal skins, and timber were traded. Value added products included chisels and hatchets carved out of greenstone, hand-prepared flax, and milled grain.

These items were traded not just locally but also internationally- in the Pacific Islands (such as Tahiti and Hawaii), North and South America, (America, Brazil) Europe, (France, Portugal, the Netherlands) Australia, and Asia (India and China).

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(Kathleen Stanley)
I think of the chiefs as shrewd businessmen, who weren't out for just the benefit of themself, but taking good care of the people under their care, providing land, protection and resources for the common good.
Chiefs would use many tactics to benefit their tribes, like intermarrying with another tribe, or pakeha in order to acquire more goods or land.  Resources from the land such as potatoes, flax, pigs, wheat, wood and greenstone were traded wherever and whenever they could. One shrewd chief traded fish with Cooks ship, then when Cook returned the Chief traded Greenstone as it was more profitable than fish.

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My reaction: I loved reading about the "entrepreneurial" history of the Maori. Honestly, I was surprised at just how quickly Maori grasped western technologies and communicated so effectively with traders and international authorities. I'll leave the other questions for other people to answer!

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Proud is what I felt when reading this about Maori being the "most entrepreneurial people in the world" in Petrie writing. The fact the Chief quite often shared out and managed the communal resources for the benefit of all in the community does not surprise me, as Maori are very kind and generous people, manaakitanga is a very important aspect of our culture.

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Proud is what I felt when reading this about Maori being the "most entrepreneurial people in the world" in Petrie writing. The fact the Chief quite often shared out and managed the communal resources for the benefit of all in the community does not surprise me, as Maori are very kind and generous people, manaakitanga is a very important aspect of our culture.

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The chiefs lead economic develop by managing resources well.  If they were able to obtain manage and defend resources effectively their mana increased, and they were able to attract a bigger labour force.  A chief managed the tribe’s resources for the benefit of the whole community.

Products included pounamu, sealskins, flax, pork, potatoes, timber, dairy products, and grain.  It was traded locally through trading sites such as Kororareka or direct to European traders.  It was also exported with products going to Australia, Britain, China and the USA.  Trading relationships were strengthened with marriage partnerships between European traders and Māori women.  Both primary products and added value products such as milled grain and prepared flax were traded.

I was impressed with the extent of the trade, the willingness to adopt new technology, and the scale of the agriculture by Māori in this period.  A very innovate industrious people.

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The Maori chiefs were very generous towards economic development rather than taking the profits and lining their own pockets instead dispersed it among their people or “minor claimants” essentially as in today's society the government disburses money out to beneficiaries.

Different areas produced different products, large areas of the waikato region were used to grow wheat and potatoes and maize, then to add value to this the maori built and operated a number of flour mills.

Maori occupied boats as their main trading grounds, articles suggest that the cook strait was used as a base for trading between north and south island, north island product would change hands and be taken to the south and vice versa with south island products.

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I am impressed to read that Maori were first with innovations such as dairy farming and wheat cultivation.  This proved their ability to try new things and to better their economic position.  They were amazing entrepreneurs who sought out new skills and put them to practice.
The chief was not working for himself but more for the community as a whole.  He  would build rapport by being generous and in turn this would benefit the community economically.  He would attract a strong labour force which grew greater power and resources.
The value add products would have come from dairy farming and the wheat cultivation. This is new information to me which I find fascinating!

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“Maori most entrepreneurial people in the world” is a statement which I was not aware of, but which is not surprising to me at all. In the years we have lived in NZ, I have seen many extraordinary accomplishments and genius initiatives from Māori people.

What was the way the chief led economic affairs?  (4th paragraph)

My understanding is that the chief distributed the wealth, in order to gain more mana and better reciprocal bartering power through being known for his generosity.

The economy was built on producing things and trading them – what was produced?

Flax, potatoes, pigs, dairy

Who / where was it traded?

There was a system for worldwide trading in place – namely Australia, China, America, Britain, France, Tahiti, Brazil, Portugal, the Netherlands, New South Wales and Tasmania.

Was it only primary production (i.e. raw products) or was there value added products (i.e. the raw product was changed into something else)?  Give examples.

Value was definitely added to some raw products, for example: flax, that were pre-prepared by Māori, received a higher price.

Is this new information to you?

No. Although many of the facts are new to me, I have always known that Māori were keen on trading to make a better life for them and their whānau; and that they had the skills, intelligence and determination to make the best of their opportunities.

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My main reaction to the statement “Maori most entrepreneurial people in the world” was that this must mean historically and what evidence was there for this? How were they the most entrepreneurial?  What happened to change this so drastically and is there a way to get this back?

The chief led economic affairs by effectively managing communally owned resources for maximum benefit to the tribe, also in times of social, political and economic stress they could facilitate regrouping with other tribes for their mutual benefit.  They also used political marriages to unite tribes and gain more land.  Another way to gain land for economic advantage was for the chief to lead their tribe to war which increased their land, resources and labour force through enslaving the defeated.

Different items were produced for trading like greenstone, fish, flax, pigs, wheat, timber, fresh produce like potatoes.  Greenstone was originally traded in raw form and later as part of tools like chisels and hatchets between Te Wahanga and Cook in Totara-nui, they originally traded in fish.  Hand prepared flax was traded rather than raw flax and was quite sought after.  Haupokia and Te Waru from the Waikato traded flax with Joseph Montefiore in the West Coast, this trading relationship became permanent with Montefiore marring Ruawhine from the tribe opening trade from Otumoetai to Kororareka, Auckland and New South Wales and with the British Navy Board.  This trade relationship expanded to include pigs, wheat and fresh produce.

The new information for me was the flax trade, I did not realise that this was a highly traded item here in New Zealand.

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The chiefs lead with great honour and generosity amongst his iwi and hapū, gaining great mana with not only his people but also the europeans. The Maori people were extremely resourceful with using the land but also took hold of new ideas and products that were introduced to them and really ran with them, they traded flax, wood, fish, wheat, jade (greenstone) and sealskins while also making hatchets and chisels out of jade to trade with as well. they took these items to Australia, Auckland and Kororareka to trade with Australians, the British, the Chinese and also the Americans that came into these ports.

I loved reading that line about Maori being entrepreneurial and the best in the world, it made me feel proud of my people and culture but it also made me feel sad when I think of all the issues relating to Maori not feeling valued and how that has effect them over generations.

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“Maori are the most entrepreneurial people in the world”. I only needed to read these readings to agree with that statement. They adopted the english language quickly and saw the demand for certain products, immediately taking action to supply it.

It is honourable the way the chiefs distributed the profits made from the trading among the tribe whilst forgoing a cut themselves. Europeans had limited access to land due to Iwi’s ownership and iwi were more efficient. In effect Maori had a monopoly on the land-thus cultivating the land for produce.

Greenstone and fish was traded as well as flax, wood, grain and potato. Sealing and whaling was also a source of trade.  Flax was highly sought after.

Sealskin was mainly sold to Britain, China, America and Australia.

Greenstone, fish, flax, wood, grain and potato were traded to ships coming in from France, Brazil, Tahiti, Portugal, Tasmania, the Netherlands. This was all new information to me.

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Learning that the Maori people were viewed as the most entrepreneurial people in the world was not that big a surprise. Maori people have often over the years had to adapt to the situations presented to them. They were able to move from land mass to land mass before settling in New Zealand. They showed that they could adapt to the different environments that they found. When the europeans arrived they were able to work out how to trade what they had to a group of people who were seen as being technologically advanced.
Chiefs recognised that there was power in building up their people rather than reaping the rewards of profits for themselves. They would make sure that their people had everything that they needed and in turn their people saw that they lived good healthy lives with the current chief.
The focus for trade was often flax, pig and potatoes which they would trade often to NSW and to the British, but more of their stock would end up going China and America.
Not only did they trade their items as raw items but they would also take things like flax and pounamu and craft them into desired creations that were heavily sought after.

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Māori being the "most entrepreneurial people in the world" is a statement that didn't really surprise me. I know a little bit about NZ history already, and the Māori people were definitely incredibly resourceful and thoughtful with what they did! I loved the readings this week. The questions have essentially been answered in our group, but I will add that I definitely found it fascinating what things were traded and how important they were - flax, for instance, seemed to be incredibly important and was even shipped overseas to Australia. It's amazing because I walk past flax bushes all the time and I never think much of them but they used to be so valued.

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(Silvia Hodel)
Maori Chiefs managed communally owned recourses for benefit to their community. Wealth from this was distributed throughout the tribe with the Chief not taking a share. Chiefs also established wheat cultivation and commercial dairy farming.
They produced Wheat, potatoes, maize, kumera, flax, pigs, timber, fish.
Value added products were: Flour mill, trading bank, shipping vessels.
They traded to Sydney, Hobart, a trading post in Otumoetai transported to Kororareka and Auckland and NSW. Sealskins were shipped to China.

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Māori lived in a subsistence economy where the hapū was largely self-sufficient but koha and trades were also present. When the Europeans came Māori began to barter more commercially - swapping kai for their guns and metal tools. They traded items such a fish, kumara, greenstone, and items made out of flax.

Māori used waka as their main place of trade, these areas flourished during the 1850’s when European settlers were still creating their townships, however the floating markets of Māori became increasingly obsolete after European townships developed and became more self-sufficient.

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I guess in any culture there are those that are entrepreneurial,  whether this means that Maori as a whole are the most entrepreneurial, I am not sure.

Economic activity used human resources communally.

Crops such as wheat, potatoes and kumara were cultivated and traded.

Value added products were things like carts, ploughs, flour and other technologies were also produced.

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“Maori most entrepreneurial people in the world” – ( 2 nd line of article) – note your reaction to that – no right or wrong reaction just note it down

Surprised and proud! They seemed to make the most of every opportunity they were given.

What was the way the chief led economic affairs?  (4 th paragraph)

The chief led economic affairs in a way that would bring maximum benefit to the community through distributing wealth rather than keeping it to himself. This showed generosity and dignity which enhanced the chief’s mana (power and authority).

The economy was built on producing things and trading them – what was produced? Who / where was it traded?

·         Te Wahanga supplied Cook’s ship Resolution with fish in early 1773 in Totara-nui.

·         When Cook returned later that year he returned to Totara-nui later that year, Te Wahanga returned with greenstone chisels and hatchets to trade with Cook.

·         Flax was initially produced and traded through merchants from Sydney who placed agents throughout New Zealand who often married a member of the chiefly family to seal alliance to local tribes. 1831 was the peak year for flax trade with 1182 tons being exported to Sydney (the majority by the British Navy Board).

·         Cargoes of flax, pigs, wheat and other produce were traded between Otumoetai and Kororareka/Auckland/New South Wales.

·         Other materials traded included timber, seal products, whale products, potatoes, pigs and milled grain. These were traded with Britain, Australia, America, France, Tahiti, Brazil, Portugal, the Netherlands, New South Wales and Tasmania, India and China.

Was it only primary production (i.e. raw products) or was there value added products (i.e. the raw product was changed into something else)?  Give examples

No, there were many value added products. For example, flax was prepared before being traded, greenstone was made into chisels and hatchets before being traded, seals were skinned and their skins treated before being traded, etc.

Is this new information to you?

Yes, I didn’t realise how entrepreneurial NZ Maori were in those times and how quickly the NZ trades expanded.

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How did chiefs lead economic development? What was produced? Value added products? Where did they trade? 

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How did chiefs lead economic development? What was produced? Value added products? Where did they trade? 

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Some of the countries they traveled to was Australia, Hawaii  and England and formed allies with the leaders.
Value added:
Trade avenues started up and relations with other nations were build.
Products traded:
Whale products,  seals, timber shrunken, preserved heads and flax  were some of the products traded.

The exchange of goods were not always even, in the case of muskets the cost for one musket could vary from year to year but muskets were old weapons but that knowledge was not known to the locals.

This information is not new to me as I have been interested in NZ history since 2000 when I first started looking at moving her. Some of the information is new, like how far reaching the trade were, Europe, etc.
The fact that the islands is so isolated made the Maaori people made them great entrepreneurs and it is visible in many places in New Zealand.

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“Maori most entrepreneurial people in the world” – ( 2nd line of article) – note your reaction to that – no right or wrong reaction just note it down

Yes I can believe that, their ancestors explored and settled in New Zealand, you have to be entrepreneurial to be able to do that!

What was the way the chief led economic affairs?  (4th paragraph)

Everything he did was based on mana (power and authority) and therefor it was very important to have a wealthy community by using all the resources they had communally instead of individually.

The economy was built on producing things and trading them – what was produced?

Wheat, potatoes, maize and kumara was cultivated and several flour mills were operated to trade in flour. They also traded in flax and pigs.

Who / where was it traded?

Trading ships from America, France, Tahiti, Brazil, Portugal, The Netherlands, New South Wales and Tasmania.

Was it only primary production (i.e. raw products) or was there value added products (i.e. the raw product was changed into something else)?  Give examples

Sealing, waling and timber were some raw products traded. Although I assume some value was added by killing and skinning the seals, killing and using products like the oil from the wales and cutting down the forests for timer. The flour was of course a value added product.

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- Aroha Thompson
I really enjoyed the statement about Maori being found the most entrepreneurial people in the world.

What was the way the chief led economic affairs?  The mana of a chief was elevated when he managed local resources for maximum benefit to the community. Being generous was a number one priority in economic affairs.

The economy was built on producing things and trading them.
Items that were produced and traded at this time were flax, timber, produce (including potatoes) pigs,  and timber.

Not only raw materials but some that had been worked with eg. Green stone chisels and prepared flax.
They traded with Australia, Tahiti and Hawaii and also traded seal skins with Chinese, Americans, Australians and British.

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Maria Cleland - Maori Economic Development

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Maria Cleland - Maori Economic Development

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Maori most entrepreneurial people in the world.    My reaction to this was, wow, I believe our country is very entrepreneurial and intrigued that it goes back that far.!

The chief led economic affairs by using his mana to assist in managing the resources for the benefit of the wider community.  This was explained by showing that when land was sold, he would rarely give himself a share in the payment of the land.   By him doing this he would become known as a chief that is very generous and have great dignity.

The items produced were greenstone chisels and hatchets, prepared flax, wheat cultivation,  pigs, potatoes, timber, sealskins and whaling.

It was traded initially with Captain cook, then traded with Governor King and Joseph Montefirore in New South Wales,, then the British Navy board in Sydney. Other traders came from China, France, Tahiti, Brazil, Portugal, the Netherlands and Tasmania.

The produce like the wheat was milled and the flax was hand prepared.

This information is new to me.  It is so interesting to see how entrepreneurial they were.  I'm amazed how far they traveled and how they got to meet King Geprge III.

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“Māori the most entrepreneurial people in the world” (2 nd line of article) – note your reaction to that – no right or wrong reaction just note it down. When I read that, I agreed completely. I think Māori are incredibly entrepreneurial and smart with the way that make use of natural resources in a balanced way in order to sustain the environment and therefore be profitable for many generations ahead. (Rebekah)

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Agree with my peers, the questions have been answered well.

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My reaction to “Maori being most entrepreneurial people in the world” is “What happened?” because although historically research suggests Maori were very entrepreneurial the current day situation suggests otherwise.

The chief led economic affairs by creating alliance with others in prominent positions and by providing for the tribe through managing communally owned resources.

Greenstone, flax, fish, potato, timber, nails used for carvings were all traded commodities.  Specialist traders could be found around the Cook Strait area.

Hand prepared flax was a value -added product that was highly sought after.

This is all new information to me particularly the demand for hand prepared flax.

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What was the way the chief led economic affairs? The chief would distribute wealth from one area to another as a form of generosity and dignity.

The economy was built on producing things and trading them – what was produced? They traded flax products and then also pigs, potatoes, timber and whale

Who / where was it traded? Cook Strait trading location, Totara-nui, for the south island to trade with the North Island and also for ships was the starting point until Maori starting to travel overseas to trade

Was it only primary production (i.e. raw products) or was there value added products (i.e. the raw product was changed into something else)?  Give examples, initially the first trade where raw material but over time Maori began trading in more valued products like milled grain

Is this new information to you? Yes this is all new information for me and I found in most interesting that traders that where positioned here in New Zealand where protected by Chiefs by marrying a daughter from the iwi so that the trade was more direct for both the iwi and the overseas trading group, this forming an alliance for Maori for more lucrative traders

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“Maori most entrepreneurial people in the world” – ( 2nd line of article) – note your reaction to that – no right or wrong reaction just note it down

Previous study on this so initially I was surprised due to unfound knowledge but as you learn more through King and Orange Maori were very adaptive therefore quite successful at what they turned their hands and attention to. I believe this is still relevant but seen more through forms of creativity recognised in society today.

What was the way the chief led economic affairs?  (4th paragraph)

It was hierarchical and the chief with the land most productive and defended was capable of attracting and managing a stronger workforce that then resulted in more power and resources. Which then rolled on for iwi or hapu to be more autonomous and mobile but their were also restrictions to the chiefs reach of support. He held responsibility for communal property, land and benefits to support the community (Petrie, 2002)

The economy was built on producing things and trading them – what was produced?

Potatoes, pigs, kumara, maize, wheat and flour milled by Māori. (Thomas & Nikora, 1992). Flax, timber, greenstone chisels and hatchets also milled grain, seals (Petrie, 2002)for Māori to pakeha

Pakeha to Māori nails, (pigs, potatoes (introduced), new technology especially around agriculture and harvesting.

Who / where was it traded?

Late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century journeys to the Pacific Islands, Australia, North and South America, Asia, and Europe familiarised Maori with overseas markets, products, and economic systems.

Was it only primary production (i.e. raw products) or was there value added products (i.e. the raw product was changed into something else)?  Give examples

Wood turned into timber, greenstone into chisels and hatchets, wheat into flour

Is this new information to you?

No