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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=awRRPPE3V5Q

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmTYUgSpXmE

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http://www.tomsguide.com/us/best-phone-carriers,review-3066-7.html

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QFheVRGz1fk

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Media ownership and concentration remains a critical issue, with concerns of bias, the abuse of personalized power at stake, the future of media evolution, and the potential of democracy.

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Critics argue that as competition among media companies decrease, the content of messages changes in a negative way - as companies grow larger, their content decreases in quality and that the messages are more likely to harm the public

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Many Channel Options, Shrinking Source Diversity

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Many Channel Options, Shrinking Source Diversity

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Audiences have more media channel options than ever before, but source diversity is shrinking. Media professionals are experiencing large changes in the quantity and quality of work available to them and this has created deep rifts within the media.

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Many critics argue that the most significant consequence is the ability of a handful of media owners to exert influence on media content, and people’s view of the world.

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Removing a company (media) will create an economic collapse. 64% of media shares are publicly traded and owned by institutions such as banks, insurance companies, and mutual funds.

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Strong trend towards concentration, consolidation, and centralization - formation of the United States; founders preserved state's rights and the formation of local governments, but also created a powerful central government - could also be seen in the development of media industries; though they begin small, they take on the characteristics of large business as they grow

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Anyone can start a company (magazine, newspaper, video production, recording company, or website), however they will find it difficult to stand out from the

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Numerical diversity is the number of available channels in any given area. Source diversity is a measure of the number of media owners in any given market.

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Researcher addresses how observers looking at the same thing arrive to such contrasting conclusions about media concentration.
The observers are looking at different things. Those who see more competition are focusing on numerical diversity.
Those who see greater consolidation usually consider source diversity.

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Belief that control of important institutions should be spread out as much as possible so that many people share the power
Should be kept local if they are to serve best the needs of individuals and society

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Several factors have driven structural changes in communication and media markets such as threat of new media technologies, the relaxation of media concentration rules, and the search for greater vertical and horizontal integration.

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Graph of all the media owner ships and big monopolies

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In the past few years, countries such as the United States, Canada, Mexico, Britain, and Australia relaxed their media ownership rules.
The question that arises is whether or not these changes will foster healthier competition, as advocates claim, or even more consolidation, as critics argue.

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New sprouting companies often get bought out by larger companies.
Smaller independent companies don't have enough funding nor resources to enter the market; thus reducing the overall competition.

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Time Warner re branding themselves - new name and image = new publicity and a fresh start into the market again

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Verizon vs AT&T
competing with the data rates

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Concentration of Power
- value of localism & efficiency
Reduction of Competition
Limits on Access
- ownership & voice
Change in Content
Enriches Few People