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In this chapter of "Gender & Age" you'll hopefully learn more about gender roles, impacts/consequences of gender inequality and how society plays a significant role. Along with the process of aging and its impact. Concluding with how to live a better life as a person, a student and in general :)
side note: I tried my best to organize the content, in order, but padlet has a mind of its own.

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 Society expects different things of women & men....

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 Society expects different things of women & men....

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Gender roles: "patterns of attitude and behavior that a society expects of its member because they are female or male"           (Thio. 224)

Stereotypes: "Oversimplified mental images of what women and men are supposed to be." (Thio. 224)

Societies typically associate, stereotypes, with gender roles. For instance, women are traditionally assigned the role of being a "homemaker" and men the role of "breadwinner". (Thio. 224)  Another thing commonly used in today's society, are things like, men aren't supposed to cry. It makes them look week and they are supposed to be masculine. On the other hand, women can cry because they're more sensitive. Another example of this could be, men are supposed to be dominant and women are supposed to be submissive. Although some may feel offended, or feel as if these sayings are invalid, these are the types of stereotypes and gender roles we have faced and continue to face today.

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Dating back many years, women were denied the right to vote, go to school or have employment in certain occupations. Although since then, women have been granted these things, we still see gender inequality playing its role. "Underlying these inequalities is sexism."

Sexism - "prejudice and discrimination based on one's gender. Also involves sexual abuses against women, of which the common is sexual harassment" (p.229)

"even when a male and a women are equally competent in preforming the same task, the women is likely to be        considered inferior to the man."
This produces inequality between both sexes in occupational, education environments and other environments.

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YouTube // WorldFish

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Employment,  More than 40 years ago, sex discrimination has been outlawed within a workplace. While It's still prevalent, "battle of the sexes" . Women typically earn less than men, although "women hold the same jobs, and have comparable skills, training and education" (p.231)

Education,  since the twentieth century women in education have evolved. Although inequality still exists, more women than man attend and gradate from college. Providing equal opportunity  for both sexes in an academic institutional environment. Before, "studies have shown that compared to men, female academics are less likely to be hired, less likely to be promoted and more concentrated in lower ranks of institutions this treatment is attributed to gender discrimination because there is no evidence that women are less competent" (p.231)

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Where there is gender inequality, there are consequences. In ways such as sexual harassment and violence against women.

Sexual Harassment - "an unwelcome act of a sexual nature." (p.236)

which in result makes it hard to preform and excel.

Violence against women, stems form sexist nature of society. Where women are subject to things like, rape.

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Women take a stand agains gender inequality....

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Women take a stand agains gender inequality....

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Feminism - "the belief that women and men should be equal in various aspects of their lives-- and joining the social movement  for gender equality.
Gender inequality is impactful to all women, but more so to those of who are already racially or economically oppressed.

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'Gender Roles' continue to exist  because of socialization being passed through media, school, and even family. Coming into this world, we, don't know what it means to be a girl or a boy.
Even before birth we are socialized by the gender roles that our society has created. Limited to two options, Pink or Blue. "Girls are wrapped in pink blankets and boys in blue ones" (p.227)

family, "girls are handled more gently than boys. Girls are cuddled and cooed over and boys are bounced around and lifted high in the air." (Thio. 227)

School, teachers and peer groups shape cultural gender stereotypes. Teachers exhibit differential expectation between both genders. For instance, gender stereotypes, "girls are often led to believe that they are not as proficient in math as boys" which influence classroom behaviors and either are implicitly or explicitly favored.

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"if you want to avoid an unhealthy old age and enjoy a healthy one.." (Thio. 245) you may want to begin with changing your lifestyle.

Engaging in physical activity, working out.

proper dieting, "eat until you are about 80% full, not 100% as is the common practice in many other societies with lower life expectancies." (Thio. 244)

social interaction, "helps relieve stress, avoid life shortening loneliness." (Thio. 244)

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Media, plays a great role in creating social norms. Gender roles are also pushed through advertising and TV shows, where women are categorized as the homemaker, while the father is said to be the bread winner. For instance in the popular TV show, 'The Brady Bunch', the mother is a "full time stay at home wife". Formally known as the, homemaker. While the father works, "breadwinner". Thio writes, "today, the publications are more sophisticated, but they still tend to define female role in terms of homemaking and mother hood" (p.229)

"Family, school and mass media all teach important lessons about these roles." (Thio.227)

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Video: Powerful Verizon Commercial Casts Spotlight on Gender Roles

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Verizon's "Inspire Her Mind" ad is part of a campaign to introduce more girls to the STEM fields.

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Sociological Perspectives of Gender Inequality, Roles and Other...

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Sociological Perspectives of Gender Inequality, Roles and Other...

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Functionalist Perspective - "it is functional for society to assign different tasks to men and women" (p. 239)
Conflict Perspective - "theorists argue that gender inequality arose because men were able to exploit women" (p.239)
Symbolic Perspective - "according to the symbolic interactionists, interaction between sexes often sustain or reinforce gender inequality" (p.239)

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Biological & Psychological Consequences of Aging 

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Biological & Psychological Consequences of Aging 

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with again comes, the loss of energy.

ability to fight diseases.

senescene - "natural physical process of aging. " (p.240)

skin becomes wrinkled, rough, dry, and vulnerable to malignancies, bruises, and loss of hair.

Spinal disk compresses, most lose 1-3 inches of height, muscular strength, circulatory problems, brain and heart problems,  more prone to strokes.

Psychologically,  aging affects memory and personality.
Senility - "an abnormal condition characterized by serious memory loss, confusion, and loss of the ability to reason."  (p.242)
"older people generally enjoy a higher status in traditional societies than in modern industrialized societies" this is because "traditional societies change slowly, the knowledge and kills of older persons remain useful as opposed to modern societies." (p.243)

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"age is used as a basis for judging and reacting to people, regardless of their individual characteristics." (p.242) Prejudice is typically seen used against older people. For instance, you typically hear people of old age complaining about aching bones, joint, inability to see good or even. In response you hear things like "well, what do you expect, it comes with your old age" something no one wants to be reminded of, or simply that they're old in general. Discrimination is also prevalent today with elders,  as seen through "mandatory retirement laws, nursing homes, and elder abuse" (p. 243)  what right does the "law" have to say an elder person is less able to work passed a certain age? or needs to be put in a home or even neglected?

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"Social forces, such as society's tendency to define older persons as a national burden rather than a national treasure play an important role in psychological effects of aging" 

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"Social forces, such as society's tendency to define older persons as a national burden rather than a national treasure play an important role in psychological effects of aging" 

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Connect2Affect: End Social Isolation Among Seniors

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Isolation is a growing health epidemic, affecting more than 8 million older adults. Learn how to recognize and reduce isolation for yourself or others.