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Devonport: A town that has been rebuilt; a neighbourhood which has seen death and destruction; a community torn apart and glued back together again. But just how much has the area changed? SARAH WADDINGTON looks back to discover more

In 2008, Devonport was one of the poorest neighbourhoods in the South West.

Before the millennium regeneration, more than 75 per cent of homes in the town were social housing. The buildings, mostly flats, were constructed after the Second World War, when bombs destroyed much of what was already there.

But by the turn of the century, the council had begun moving tenants out of their homes with plans to completely transform the area and improve residents' standard of living. At the time, Devonport was the only place in Plymouth to benefit from central Government regeneration funding through the New Deal for Communities (NDC) programme.

When the 21st century arrived urban analyses were carried out across Devonport, including Ker Street. There, feasibility studies concluded it would be neither economically nor socially viable to refurbish and maintain the flats as they were.

The ambitious scheme was finished in 2013, but just around the corner and in its final stages is the £70 million redevelopment of Plymouth's former Royal Navy South Yard, which should be completed this year.

Some former residents have moved out indefinitely, not wanting to uproot their families for a second time - but others have moved back, witnessing first-hand the drastic changes Devonport has gone through.

There is no denying the area has undergone a complete facelift.

"Every time a street came down the residents were there watching," recalls former resident Liz Cook, who grew up in Devonport in the 1950s and moved back there again at the turn of the century.

"It meant a lot to them - they had lived a lifetime in these council flats and raised their families there. All the tears that were shed were genuine."

Pictures show how the face of Devonport has been transformed

Having such a personal connection with Devonport, Ms Cook, now 69, is deeply interested in its history and runs a website 'Devonport Online' to document its fascinating past.

Looking back, she said: "During the millennium decade numerous streets were demolished entirely and rebuilt with both houses and flats, the houses providing something previously lacking in Devonport - gardens.

"The housing aim during that period was to convert the 75 per cent of social housing into 75 per cent privately owned houses."

Despite this, the recent re-planning of Devonport has also put the spotlight on its past - with 21st century, modern housing erected next to historic, and in most cases, listed, buildings.

These include the Devonport Guildhall, Ker Street Social Club, also known as the 'Egyptian House', the Devonport Market Hall and a former bank, which was converted into homes.

Developer Redrow tried to stick to pre-enclave street patterns at the former Royal Navy South Yard, and was even able to reuse the pre-war fascia of the former Midland bank building in an apartment block.

But this reworking has also had its drawbacks, as Mandi Leaves, barmaid at Ker Street Social Club, knows all too well.

When residents were turfed out of the street, Mandi, who runs the pub with her parents, Ann and Allan, were left completely isolated and alone.

And Mandi, aged 50, says now residents have returned - most of who are new to the area - the sense of community has "completely gone".

"We nearly lost the pub," she said. "It was horrible. What they said would take four years actually took nearly 10 years, and the building itself took a right knock. It was quite traumatic."

£70m Devonport regeneration scheme to be completed in 2017

In 2005, when the South Yard site was released, there was also an opportunity to redevelop Ker Street and to build a new link road.

Ms Cook said this road would "remove the isolation Ker Street had suffered" since the 1960s development.

To carry out the 'millennium redevelopment' the council offered the site to Devon and Cornwall Housing Association, now called DCH, alongside Midas Homes and Westco Developers.

Over the following two years, residents were decanted and bulldozers moved on to the site in June 2008.

But Mandi, who has been barmaid at Ker Street Social club for 30 years, said it wasn't as simple as it may sound retrospectively.

She said: "When they turfed everybody out of the flats and maisonettes opposite us, I think they found asbestos, so all of that had to be removed before they could knock it down.

"In the meantime they allowed homeless people to temporarily use them, and for a while we had a problem with drug users before the buildings were eventually knocked down.

"When that happened we nearly lost the pub; it was horrible because it was so hard to get people in - people who previously lived there were now spread everywhere, all the way up to Crownhill. "

During this time, for events like darts competitions, Mandi said her father would take a mini bus and drive a route around Plymouth, picking people up and dropping them off again.

But despite their best efforts, the family had to remortgage their home to keep the social club in business.

The multimillion-pound regeneration scheme was eventually completed in 2013.

There is now 230 new homes, including houses with gardens, new flats, a mix of market and affordable housing, public space, and commercial spaces.

But Mandi says although "it might look nice" on the outside, she fears the sense of community there once was will be gone forever.

"We've tried to encourage the new residents around us to come in," she said, "and because there's a large Polish community, we got Polish beer in especially.

"This building belongs to the community, we've always said that, and we want the new residents to use this building for what they want."

In 2014 Devonport was shortlisted for a prestigious international regeneration award.

At the time, then council leader Tudor Evans said the area "feels and looks incredible".

He said: "Extraordinary buildings are now teaming with life and post-war flats have been demolished and in their place are affordable homes for families.

"The change is on an extraordinary scale that reflects the hard work put in by the organisations and individuals over many years."

Looking at the bigger picture, some of the major housing projects include Ker Street and the former South Yard development - delivered on land that was walled as a storage enclave by the MOD during the Cold War - as well as Mount Wise and Gun Wharfe.

Ms Cook, who now lives in Plympton, said the area's regeneration is "very fascinating" - not least because she was involved with some it personally.

Ms Cook used to live on Cornwall Street (above)

She explained: "People were all involved in their own little ways, as prior to a lot of houses going up, meetings were held all over Devonport with the council and developers.

"There would be lots of cups of tea and coffee on the go, and they even got the children involved with workshops for what we foresaw Devonport to be and what changes we wants.

"Looking back with a different head I think it was a bit useless as they had their plans anyway and it didn't really matter what we said or did."

When plans were finalised and buildings earmarked for demolition, residents were found homes in other parts of the city, but Ms Cook said most people had a deep, emotional attachment to their respective estates.

"That's why a lot of people came back and watched the demolition," she said. "Some would be left in a half demolished state, and former residents would go in and look at their front rooms half tore down."

"It was same all over Devonport - it was sad to watch something they loved go."

Although a poignant time for residents experiencing the upheaval first-hand, everyone was given a choice as to whether or not they would like to return.

Ms Cook was offered a new flat in Cornwall Street, after spending some time renting a property in Pennycross. Unfortunately, she had problems with a neighbour, and took the decision to move out completely.

She said: "It was just unlucky really, so I moved to Newton Ferris for two years, and I now live in Plympton.

"Despite everything, the changes are nice in Devonport, and a lot of nice people have moved in, which sounds terrible having being born there.

"Although at time we were manipulated, it was for the good and it is a massive improvement."

Devonport Regeneration: Projects

Devonport Guildhall

Built by John Foulston in the 1820s, it gradually fell into disrepair during the last century.

It was restored by the Real Ideas Organisation (RIO) with a £1.75 million Community Assets Grant. The organisation worked closely with the council, HM Government and the former Devonport Regeneration Community Partnership to achieve this.

It is once more at the heart of the community on Ker Street, and you can even have your wedding there.

Devonport Column

Also built by Foulston to mark the founding of Devonport as an independent town, the Grade I listed column, with a 124ft high public viewing platform across the city, had been restricted to the public since the late 50s and closed in the 1990s.

RIO secured a £685,000 Heritage Lottery Fund to restore it, and for those brave and fit enough to climb all 137 steep spiral steps to the top, it offers beautiful panoramic views of Devon and Cornwall.

Once out-of-bounds behind the dockyard wall, the historic landmark has an exciting future as a high tech 'play market'.

The council, RIO and Plymouth University have joined forces in a pioneering project that will put digital gaming into the heart of a regenerated Devonport.

Granby Green

This part of Devonport has been refurbished and now boasts a play area, new features such as seats and picnic tables, paths and a piazza, as well as road safety measures to make it safer.

Devonport Park

This is a 150-year-old park restored thanks to £5.3 million funding from the Heritage and Big Lottery Funds, Devonport Regeneration Community Partnership and the council.

The council worked closely with the Friends of Devonport Park and helped create an adventure playground, refurbished the tennis courts, and planted wildflower meadows.

A pavilion has been built and a replica bandstand opened. Historic monuments were also carefully restored, including the Lower Lodge, the Doris Gun, and the Napier Fountain

St Aubyn's

The Grade II listed Georgian church has had a £2.2million transformation, funded by the (DRC) Partnership. It now houses a library as well as community facilities.

Devonport: Pictures through the years

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The battle to keep Devonport's spirit alive after a total revamp

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Devonport: A town that has been rebuilt; a neighbourhood which has seen death and destruction; a community torn apart and glued back together again. But just how much has the area changed? SARAH WADDINGTON looks back to discover more In 2008, Devonport was one of the poorest neighbourhoods in the South West.