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a category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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35 mm film is a film gauge used in filmmaking, and the film standard. In motion pictures that record on film, 35 mm is the most commonly used gauge.

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A twin-lens reflex camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens", while the other is used for the viewfinder system, which is usually viewed from above at waist level.

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A camera obscura is a darkened room with a small hole or lens at one side through which an image is projected onto a wall or table opposite the hole. "Camera obscura" can also refer to analogous constructions such as a box or tent in which an exterior image is projected inside.

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The gelatin silver process is the most commonly used chemical process in black-and-white photography, and is the fundamental chemical process for modern analog color photography. As such, films and printing papers available for analog photography rarely rely on any other chemical process to record an image.

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Photo curators collect, exhibit, research and maintain the photo collection at a museum. They are also responsible for the storage and presentation of photographical collections. At a museum, the curator's position is perhaps the most important position of them all. ... Most curators spend their time researching.

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An exhibition, in the most general sense, is an organized presentation and display of a selection of items. In practice, exhibitions usually occur within a cultural or educational setting such as a museum, art gallery, park, library, exhibition hall, or World's fairs.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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A museum is an institution that cares for a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance. Many public museums make these items available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary.

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A photographic studio is often a business owned and represented by one or more photographers, possibly accompanied by assistants and pupils, who create and sell their own and sometimes others’ photographs.

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an identifiable path created by a point moving in space.

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a flat area surrounded by edges or an outline.

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an element consisting of hues.

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refers to the surface quality in a work of art.

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defines how light or dark a given color or hue can be.

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can refer to the overall form taken by the work

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to a feeling of depth or three dimensions.

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the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space.

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the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and
to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art.

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the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.

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the feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other.

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the path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas

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the feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates
a sense of completeness.

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the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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the quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis.

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lack of symmetry.

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the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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a means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials.

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a directional change in the intensity or color in an image.

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The phrase cool color is used to describe any color that is calm or soothing in nature.

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The phrase warm color is used to describe any color that is vivid or bold in nature.

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In the context of interior design, neutral means without color. Neutrals such as beige, ivory, taupe, black, gray, and shades of white appear to be without color, but in many applications these hues often have undertones.

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Complementary colors are pairs of colors that contrast with each other more than any other color, and when placed side-by-side make each other look brighter.

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Monochrome means one color, so in relation to art, a monochrome artwork is one that includes only one color.

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Constructive criticism is a helpful way of giving feedback that provides specific, actionable suggestions.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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Use subjective when you're talking about an opinion or feeling that is based on an individual's perspective or preferences. Use objective when you're talking about something—like an assessment, decision, or report—that's unbiased and based solely on the observable or verifiable facts.

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Copyright protects original work, whereas a trademark protects items that distinguish or identify a particular business from another.

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The rule of thirds is a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open.

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Leading lines are lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest.

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The golden ratio is a ratio of approximately 1.618 to 1. Artists have used this ratio for centuries to create works of art from paintings to architecture.

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Negative space photography is the area surrounding the main subject in a photo that is left unoccupied.

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Positive space is any part of the photo that jumps out from its surroundings. That includes your subject, for example, along with other noteworthy areas of detail.

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Backlight in photography involves positioning the main light source for a photograph behind the primary subject.

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Diffused light, or soft light, is light that's filtered by something.

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refers to any source of light that is not explicitly supplied by the photographer for the purpose of taking pictures.

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the use of contrast in light and shading across an entire image composition.

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A silhouette is a solid, dark image of a subject against a brighter background.

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two images combined into a single frame or presented together

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a type of three-fold art that is typically hinged together as carved panels side by side

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common method of representing three-dimensional objects, usually by three two-dimensional drawings in each of which the object is viewed along parallel lines that are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.

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When straight lines are curved inwards in a shape of a barrel, this type of aberration is called “barrel distortion”. Commonly seen on wide angle lenses, barrel distortion happens because the field of view of the lens is much wider than the size of the image sensor and hence it needs to be “squeezed” to fit. As a result, straight lines are visibly curved inwards, especially towards the extreme edges of the frame.

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Pincushion distortion is the exact opposite of barrel distortion – straight lines are curved outwards from the center. This type of distortion is commonly seen on telephoto lenses, and it occurs due to image magnification increasing towards the edges of the frame from the optical axis. This time, the field of view is smaller than the size of the image sensor and it thus needs to be “stretched” to fit. As a result, straight lines appear to be pulled upwards in the corners,

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ISO is your camera's sensitivity to light as it pertains to either film or a digital sensor.

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that is, the sensitivity of the film to light.

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a device that allows the camera to convert photons – that is, light – into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the device.

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Film grain is the visible silver crystals in a film negative's emulsion.

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a certain type of visual distortion. It looks similar to grain found in film photographs, but can also look like splotches of discoloration when it's really bad, and can ruin a photograph.

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to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes

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used to denote aperture measurements on your camera

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tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured

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how much is in focus in front of and behind the subject that is focused upon

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uses blur to focus the viewer's attention on a specific area of an image.

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when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot.

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you can manually set both the aperture and the shutter speed to any value you want.

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allows you to take control of the aperture, whereas the shutter speed and ISO are still controlled by your camera.

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a setting on some cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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the mode where you can fiddle with the shutter speed and aperture combo.

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speed at which the shutter of the camera closes.

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an exposure setting that is used when seeking to use a shutter speed of more than 30 seconds.

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purposeful streaking or blurring of an object in motion in a photo for visual effect.

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a device for camera stabilization that has a single leg or three legs.

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define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands.

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using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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a technique in which the frequency at which film frames are captured is much lower than the frequency used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing.

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photographic techniques of moving a light source while taking a long exposure photograph to "draw" an image.

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freezes objects in motion in a still frame.

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the photographer captures several photos in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly.

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a camera-metering mode in which the metering is weighted at the center of the viewfinder

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are shooting a natural light portrait and have placed your subject in the center of the frame, the camera will determine the correct exposure for their face while placing a significantly lesser importance on the background.

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mostly used automatic metering mode in everyday photography

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reflects back 18% of the light that hits it.

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a visual representation of what your camera is focusing on

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a technique where a photographer takes shots of the same image using different camera settings.

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the overall brightness or darkness of a photograph.

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used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera.

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helps you adjust the white balance and exposure settings of images by providing a reference point.

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all luminance values that are not dark or light are considered to be mid-tones.

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Highlights are the lightest elements in an image.

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the manipulation of the light source.

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a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow - at the periphery of photos.

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a reddish-brown monochromatic tone.

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A workspace is a preset layout for the various elements that make up Photoshop's interface. Workspaces determine which of Photoshop's panels are displayed on your screen and how those panels are arranged. A workspace can also change which tools are available in the Toolbar and how the Toolbar is organized.

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The Tool Options bar appears at the bottom in the Photoshop Elements window. It displays the options for a selected tool.

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groups of tools used to edit and manipulate your image.

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The menu bar is used to open and save files, adjust the canvas size, access some of the editing tools, open and close various windows, and more. ... Each of those main menus has additional submenus for related options.

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Many of the tools in Graphic have customizable settings that allow you to adjust their behavior. The settings for the currently selected tool appear in the Tool Options bar above the Canvas.