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Collaborative learning means that students work together to achieve a common goal, sharing ideas, responsibilities, and knowledge, while actively supporting each other’s learning process.

Two additional definitions:

According to Oxford University Press, collaborative learning is “an approach to teaching and learning in which learners work together in small groups to achieve a shared goal.”

According to Edutopia, collaborative learning involves “students working in pairs or groups to solve problems, complete tasks, or create products, with a focus on interaction and shared responsibility.”

A related term is cooperative learning, which is often more structured, where each student has a specific role within the group to ensure participation and accountability.

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“ Sushi “ become “ Susi “ in BM baru tahu 🤣

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Collaborative learning is defined as the shared learning of students in pairs or in small groups with the aim of solving common tasks

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Collaborative learning is an educational approach to teaching and learning that involves groups of students working together to solve a problem, complete a task, or create a product.

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BenBRAPARIK ÖĞRENİLİR.

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“Collaborative learning” is an umbrella term for a variety of educational approaches involving joint intellectual effort by students, or students and teachers together. Usually, students are working in groups of two or more, mutually searching for understanding, solutions, or meanings, or creating a product. Collaborative learning activities vary widely, but most center on students’ exploration or application of the course material, not simply the teacher’s presentation or explication of it.(by Barbara Leigh Smith and Jean T. MacGregor)

The reader will not be surprised to learn that our group did not agree on any definition of collaborative learning. We did not even try. There is such a wide variety of uses of this term inside each academic field, and a fortiori, across the fields. Moreover, the task force activities did not include a specific task which would have forced members to converge on a shared understanding of 'collaborative learning'. Instead, we shared a broad interest in multidisciplinary interactions, which was reified in this book. Hence, I review the variety of approaches to 'collaborative learning' that were present in our group. When a word becomes fashionable - as it is the case with "collaboration" - it is often used abusively for more or less anything. The problem with such an over-general usage is two-fold. Firstly, it is nonsense to talk about the cognitive effects ('learning') of 'collaborative' situations if any situation can be labelled 'collaborative'. Secondly, it is difficult to articulate the contributions of various authors who use the same word very differently. Therefore, I explore various aspects of this definition, not in order to establish 'the' correct definition of collaborative learning, but in order to help the reader to put the different chapters in perspective. I will not review the chapters here, the reader might prefer to read them before reading this introduction. The broadest (but unsatisfactory) definition of 'collaborative learning' is that it is a situation in which two or more people learn or attempt to learn something together. Each element of this definition can be interpreted in different ways: • "two or more" may be interpreted as a pair, a small group (3-5 subjects), a class (20-30 subjects), a community (a few hundreds or thousands of people), a society (several thousands or millions of people)... and all intermediate levels. 2 • "learn something" may be interpreted as "follow a course", "study course material", "perform learning activities such as problem solving", "learn from lifelong work practice", .... • "together" may be interpreted as different forms of interaction: face-to-face or computermediated, synchronous or not, frequent in time or not, whether it is a truly joint effort or whether the labour is divided in a systematic way. These three elements of the definition define the space of what is encountered under the label 'collaborative learning': pairs learning through intensive synchronous joint problem solving during one or two hours, groups of students using electronic mail during a one-year course, communities of professionals developing a specific culture across generations, ... I explore this space along three dimensions: the scale of the collaborative situation (group size and time span), what is referred to as 'learning' and what is referred to as 'collaboration'. (What do you mean by collaborative learning? Pierre Dillenbourg)

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Collaborative learning is an educational approach to teaching and learning that involves groups of students working together to solve a problem, complete a task, or create a product. According to Gerlach, "Collaborative learning is based on the idea that learning is a naturally social act in which the participants talk among themselves (Gerlach, 1994). It is through the talk that learning occurs."

There are many approaches to collaborative learning. A set of assumptions about the learning process (Smith and MacGregor, 1992) underlies them all:

Learning is an active process whereby students assimilate the information and relate this new knowledge to a framework of prior knowledge.Learning requires a challenge that opens the door for the learner to actively engage his/her peers, and to process and synthesize information rather than simply memorize and regurgitate it.Learners benefit when exposed to diverse viewpoints from people with varied backgrounds.Learning flourishes in a social environment where conversation between learners takes place. During this intellectual gymnastics, the learner creates a framework and meaning to the discourse.

1. In the collaborative learning environment, the learners are challenged both socially and emotionally as they listen to different perspectives, and are required to articulate and defend their ideas. In so doing, the learners begin to create their own unique conceptual frameworks and not rely solely on an expert's or a text's framework. Thus, in a collaborative learning setting, learners have the opportunity to converse with peers, present and defend ideas, exchange diverse beliefs, question other conceptual frameworks, and be actively engaged.Collaborative learning processes can be incorporated into a typical 50-minute class in a variety of ways. Some require a thorough preparation, such as a long-term project, while others require less preparation, such as posing a question during lecture and asking students to discuss their ideas with their neighbors (see concept tests). As Smith and MacGregor state, "In collaborative classrooms, the lecturing/listening/note-taking process may not disappear entirely, but it lives alongside other processes that are based in students' discussion and active work with the course material." Regardless of the specific approach taken or how much of the ubiquitous lecture-based course is replaced, the goal is the same: to shift learning from a teacher-centered to a student-centered model.

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According to Gerlach, "Collaborative learning is based on the idea that learning is a naturally social act in which the participants talk among themselves (Gerlach, 1994). It is through the talk that learning occurs."
http://archive.wceruw.org/cl1/cl/moreinfo/mi2a.htm

Collaborative learning is a method of teaching and learning in which students team together to explore a significant question or create a meaningful project. A group of students discussing a lecture or students from different schools working together over the Internet on a shared assignment are both examples of collaborative learning.
In cooperative learning, students work together in small groups on a structured activity. They are individually accountable for their work, and the work of the group as a whole is also assessed. Cooperative groups work face-to-face and learn to work as a team.
In small groups, students can share strengths and also develop their weaker skills. They develop their interpersonal skills. They learn to deal with conflict. When cooperative groups are guided by clear objectives, students engage in numerous activities that improve their understanding of subjects explored.

In order to create an environment in which cooperative learning can take place, three things are necessary. First, students need to feel safe, but also challenged. Second, groups need to be small enough that everyone can contribute. Third, the task students work together on must be clearly defined. The cooperative and collaborative learning techniques presented here should help make this possible for teachers.

Also, in cooperative learning small groups provide a place where:

learners actively participate;

teachers become learners at times, and learners sometimes teach;

respect is given to every member;

projects and questions interest and challenge students;

diversity is celebrated, and all contributions are valued;

students learn skills for resolving conflicts when they arise;

members draw upon their past experience and knowledge;

goals are clearly identified and used as a guide;

research tools such as Internet access are made available;

students are invested in their own learning.

https://www.thirteen.org/edonline/concept2class/coopcollab/index.html

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use of small groups so that students work together to maximize their own and each other’s learning”

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Collaborative work is sharing ideas with peers, or collaborating in do a job.

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jamne spoznaje radi stvaranja i razvijanja novih ideja, novih kombinacija ili jedinstvenih inovacija 

https://hrcak.srce.hr/94728

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Suradničko ili kooperativno učenje je zajedničko učenje učenika u tandemu (paru) ili malim skupinama s rješenjima zajedničkih zadataka, proučavanja i istraživanja zajedničkih tema ili nadgradnje uzajamne spoznaje radi stvaranja i razvijanja novih ideja, novih kombinacija ili jedinstvenih inovacija

https://hrcak.srce.hr/94728

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Angela, Italy 
Cooperative learning is a type of learning based on the interaction within a group of students working together toward a common goal. Collaborative learning is, also, a form of relationship among students that promotes positive interdependence, individual accountability. the teacher's role is not to provide information, but to act as a facilitator for learning.
 Hello everyone

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Angela, Italy 
Cooperative learning is a type of learning based on the interaction within a group of students working together toward a common goal. Collaborative learning is, also, a form of relationship among students that promotes positive interdependence, individual accountability. the teacher's role is not to provide information, but to act as a facilitator for learning.
 Hello everyone

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"Collaborative learning platform focuses on enabling the next level of collaboration central to modern teaching and learning. The right platform brings together people, learning content, and insights. Technology can play a pivotal role in creating personalized learning spaces that address students' social and emotional needs. It also gives educators the ability to personalize learning with the right collaborative learning platform. Students are empowered to work together with interactive, visually rich experiences that build skills and deepen understanding." Microsoft in Education

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Cooperative learning is a teaching method where students of mixed levels of ability are arranged into groups and rewarded according to the group's success, rather than the success of an individual member. Cooperative learning structures have been in and out of favor in American education since the early 1900s, when they were introduced by the American education reformer John Dewey.

1. Cooperative learning is fun, so students enjoy it and are more motivated.

2. Cooperative learning is interactive, so students are engaged, active participants in the learning.

3. Cooperative learning allows discussion and critical thinking, so students learn more and remember what they've learned for a longer period of time.

4. Cooperative learning requires students to learn to work together, which is an important skill for their futures.

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3.1 What is collaborative learning

Definitions:

1. "By its very definition, collaborative learning, takes the power away from the teacher as "guru" and distributes that power among the students as self-sustaining, motivated "learners" who take ownership and responsibility of the entire process of leaning in an interactive, "talking-to-each-other" and engaged manner. The teacher becomes merely a facilitator, an "expert designer" of a student's intellectual process and a "mid-wife of a more emergent learning process." *

2. "For educationists, collaborative learning is a comprehensive term for "a variety of educational approaches involving joint intellectual effort by students, or students and teachers together." *

* Smith, BL and MacGregor, JT, "What is Collaborative Learning?" in Goodsell, Maher, Tinto, Smith & MacGregor's Collaborative Learning: A Sourcebook for Higher Education; National Center on Postsecondary Teaching, Learning and Assessment; Pennsylvania State University: 1992

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3.1 What is collaborative learning

Definitions:

1. "By its very definition, collaborative learning, takes the power away from the teacher as "guru" and distributes that power among the students as self-sustaining, motivated "learners" who take ownership and responsibility of the entire process of leaning in an interactive, "talking-to-each-other" and engaged manner. The teacher becomes merely a facilitator, an "expert designer" of a student's intellectual process and a "mid-wife of a more emergent learning process." *

2. "For educationists, collaborative learning is a comprehensive term for "a variety of educational approaches involving joint intellectual effort by students, or students and teachers together." *

* Smith, BL and MacGregor, JT, "What is Collaborative Learning?" in Goodsell, Maher, Tinto, Smith & MacGregor's Collaborative Learning: A Sourcebook for Higher Education; National Center on Postsecondary Teaching, Learning and Assessment; Pennsylvania State University: 1992

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"Colloboraive learning is an educational approach to teaching and learning that involves groups of students working together to solve a problem, complete a task, or create a product."
http://archive.wceruw.org/cl1/cl/moreinfo/mi2a.htmlhtml
Collaborative learning is an umbrella term for a variety of approaches in education that involve joint intellectual effort by students or students and teachers. http://sydney.edu.au/education_social_work/learning_teaching/ict/theory/collaborative_learning.shtml

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“Collaborative learning” is a  term for a variety of educational approaches involving joint intellectual effort by students, or students and teachers together. Collaborative learning represents a significant shift away from the typical teachercentered or lecture-centered milieu in college classrooms. In collaborative classrooms, the lecturing/ listening/note-taking process may not disappear entirely, but it lives alongside other processes that are based in students’ discussion and active work with the course material. Teachers who use collaborative learning approaches tend to think of themselves less as expert transmitters of knowledge to students, and more as expert designers of intellectual experiences for students-as coaches or mid-wives of a more emergent learning process./Barbara Leigh Smith and Jean T. MacGregor (1992). Collaborative Learning: A Sourcebook for Higher Education.

Collaborative learning is an educational approach to teaching and learning that involves groups of students working together to solve a problem, complete a task, or create a product. According to Gerlach, "Collaborative learning is based on the idea that learning is a naturally social act in which the participants talk among themselves (Gerlach, 1994).

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Collaborative learning implies communication, brainstorming, sharing information, organising ideas.

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Collaborative learning must be team work with discussion of ideas, negotiation of solutions, and the final product has to be a collective creation.

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My students work in small groups but I think they not very collaborative (for now), its a process where they are learning to listen each other and respect different solutions for the problems. Last week I ask them about the definitions of autonomy, decision making and responsibility. We will discuss what they have found in pairs and maybe we build a presentation for the class. I hope to lead them in a path  of collaboration to promote collaborative learning.

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In collaborative learning, the dialogue between students increases, information is shared, brainstorming and different ideas emerge, strengthens communication.

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1) "The  broadest  (but  unsatisfactory)  definition  of  'collaborative  learning'  is  that  it  is  a  situation  in which two  or  more  people  learn  or attempt  to  learn  something  together."
Source: https://telearn.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00190240/document

2) "The term “collaborative learning”  refers to an instruction method in which students at various  performance levels work together in small groups toward a common goal."
Source: https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/bitstream/handle/10919/8588/gokhale.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

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learning together is, in my opinion, a common search for solutions, answers and searching for new content

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Collaborative learning is one of the best ways of socializing. Because pupils are searching, reading a part of a whole subject and they are telling the others about what they learned. They can learn reading effectively, transfer their knowledge to their friends and gain more self confidence.

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Students’ learning goals may be structured to promote cooperative, competitive, or individualistic efforts.  In every classroom, instructional activities are aimed at accomplishing goals and are conducted under a goal structure.  A learning goal is a desired future state of demonstrating competence or mastery in the subject area being studied.  The goal structure specifies the ways in which students will interact with each other and the teacher during the instructional session.  Each goal structure has its place (Johnson & Johnson, 1989, 1999).  In the ideal classroom, all students would learn how to work cooperatively with others, compete for fun and enjoyment, and work autonomously on their own.  The teacher decides which goal structure to implement within each lesson.  The most important goal structure, and the one that should be used the majority of the time in learning situations, is cooperation

Cooperation is working together to accomplish shared goals.  Within cooperative situations, individuals seek outcomes that are beneficial to themselves and beneficial to all other group members. Cooperative learning is the instructional use of small groups so that students work together to maximize their own and each other’s learning.  It may be contrasted with competitive (students work against each other to achieve an academic goal such as a grade of “A” that only one or a few students can attain) andindividualistic (students work by themselves to accomplish learning goals unrelated to those of the other students) learning.  In cooperative and individualistic learning, you evaluate student efforts on a criteria-referenced basis while in competitive learning you grade students on a norm-referenced basis.  While there are limitations on when and where you may use competitive and individualistic learning appropriately, you may structure any learning task in any subject area with any curriculum cooperatively.http://www.co-operation.org/what-is-collaborative-learning

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Collaborative learning is a method of teaching and learning in which students team together to explore a significant question or create a meaningful project. A group of students discussing a lecture or students from different schools working together over the Internet on a shared assignment are both examples of collaborative learning.(https://www.thirteen.org/edonline/concept2class/coopcollab/index.html)
Acquisition of competences together with others

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Collaboration is the power behind humanity’s giant leaps like Sputnik 1, Apollo 11, documents in library of Alexandria, building Pyramids. Collaborative learning is helping each other to develop with all ways. In the collaborative learning process students work together and try to find solutions to a problem. In that group working students can talk in their own language that is based on friendship, perspective or popular culture. “collaborative learning” refers to an instruction method in which students at various performance levels work together in small groups toward a common goal. The students are responsible for one another’s learning as well as their own. Thus, the success of one student helps other students to be successful (Gokhale, 1995). Also collaborative learning is a way to remove the barriers between students. Cooperative Learning is a method that creates a successful learning environment for all of these children: disabled and nondisabled youth, minority and majority students, and students of varying cultural backgrounds (Holm, 1987).

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They should play a role in collaborative learning with students, so that everyone gets some knowledge of the task at hand.
Collaborative learning is one that can be implemented in the form of an e-learning technique where one or more students, teachers and / or individuals learn, collaborate and share a training course.

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“Collaborative learning” is an umbrella term for a variety of educational approaches involving joint intellectual effort by students, or students and teachers together. Usually, students are working in groups of two or more, mutually searching for understanding, solutions, or meanings, or creating a product. Collaborative learning activities vary widely, but most center on students’ exploration or application of the course material, not simply the teacher’s presentation or explication of it.(by Barbara Leigh Smith and Jean T. MacGregor)

The reader will not be surprised to learn that our group did not agree on any definition of collaborative learning. We did not even try. There is such a wide variety of uses of this term inside each academic field, and a fortiori, across the fields. Moreover, the task force activities did not include a specific task which would have forced members to converge on a shared understanding of 'collaborative learning'. Instead, we shared a broad interest in multidisciplinary interactions, which was reified in this book. Hence, I review the variety of approaches to 'collaborative learning' that were present in our group. When a word becomes fashionable - as it is the case with "collaboration" - it is often used abusively for more or less anything. The problem with such an over-general usage is two-fold. Firstly, it is nonsense to talk about the cognitive effects ('learning') of 'collaborative' situations if any situation can be labelled 'collaborative'. Secondly, it is difficult to articulate the contributions of various authors who use the same word very differently. Therefore, I explore various aspects of this definition, not in order to establish 'the' correct definition of collaborative learning, but in order to help the reader to put the different chapters in perspective. I will not review the chapters here, the reader might prefer to read them before reading this introduction. The broadest (but unsatisfactory) definition of 'collaborative learning' is that it is a situation in which two or more people learn or attempt to learn something together. Each element of this definition can be interpreted in different ways: • "two or more" may be interpreted as a pair, a small group (3-5 subjects), a class (20-30 subjects), a community (a few hundreds or thousands of people), a society (several thousands or millions of people)... and all intermediate levels. 2 • "learn something" may be interpreted as "follow a course", "study course material", "perform learning activities such as problem solving", "learn from lifelong work practice", .... • "together" may be interpreted as different forms of interaction: face-to-face or computermediated, synchronous or not, frequent in time or not, whether it is a truly joint effort or whether the labour is divided in a systematic way. These three elements of the definition define the space of what is encountered under the label 'collaborative learning': pairs learning through intensive synchronous joint problem solving during one or two hours, groups of students using electronic mail during a one-year course, communities of professionals developing a specific culture across generations, ... I explore this space along three dimensions: the scale of the collaborative situation (group size and time span), what is referred to as 'learning' and what is referred to as 'collaboration'. (What do you mean by collaborative learning? Pierre Dillenbourg)

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Collaborative learning  is  teaching and learning that involves groups of learners working together to solve a problem, complete a task, or create a product.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224766528_Collaborative_learning_What_is_it

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Collaborative learning is the problem of finding more than one student together. I think a different version of peer teaching

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Collaborative learning is an educational approach to teaching and learning that involves groups of students working together to solve a problem, complete a task, or create a product. According to Gerlach, "Collaborative learning is based on the idea that learning is a naturally social act in which the participants talk among themselves (Gerlach, 1994). It is through the talk that learning occurs."
http://archive.wceruw.org/cl1/cl/moreinfo/mi2a.htm

Collaborative learning is an e-learning technique by which one or more students, teachers and/or individuals jointly learn, research and share an educational course. Collaborative learning enhances the typical educational approach by allowing remotely connected peers and individuals to collaborate in real time through technological aids and resources.
https://www.techopedia.com/definition/2484/collaborative-learning

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Collaborative learning is a situation in which two or more people learn or attempt to learn something together. Unlike individual learning, people engaged in collaborative learning capitalize on one another's resources and skills

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Collaborative learning is an educational approach to teaching and learning that involves groups of students working together to solve a problem, complete a task, or create a product. According to Gerlach, "Collaborative learning is based on the idea that learning is a naturally social act in which the participants talk among themselves (Gerlach, 1994). It is through the talk that learning occurs."
http://archive.wceruw.org/cl1/cl/moreinfo/mi2a.htm
“Collaborative learning” is an umbrella term for a variety of educational approaches involving joint intellectual effort by students, or students and teachers together. Usually, students are working in groups of two or more, mutually searching for understanding, solutions, or meanings, or creating a product. Collaborative learning activities vary widely, but most center on students’ exploration or application of the course material, not simply the teacher’s presentation or explication of it.
https://www.evergreen.edu/sites/default/files/facultydevelopment/docs/WhatisCollaborativeLearning.pdf

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The modern pedagogical community regards collaborative and cooperative learning as a key element in the process of successful knowledge and practical experience acquisition. Collaborative learning technology originated as an alternate form to the

traditional teacher-centered or lecture-centered educational system. This technology

brings together three main concepts in a single process: learning in teams, peer assessment and working in small groups.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322646551_Collaborative_Learning_at_Engineering_Universities_Benefits_and_Challenges

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In its simplest definition, collaborative learning is an umbrella for a variety of educational strategies and approaches involving joint efforts by both teachers and learners.
Six major types of collaborative learning are:
1,Think-pair-share
2,Informal collaborative learning groups
3,Formal collaborative learning groups
4,problem-based learning
5,Collaborative base groups
6,Jigsaw collaborative learning
From ezTalks: https://www.eztalks.com/elearning/6-major-types-of-collaborative-learning.html

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Collaborative learning is a method of teaching and learning in which students team together to explore a significant question or create a meaningful project. A group of students discussing a lecture or students from different schools working together over the Internet on a shared assignment are both examples of collaborative learning.In cooperative learning, students work together in small groups on a structured activity. They are individually accountable for their work, and the work of the group as a whole is also assessed. Cooperative groups work face-to-face and learn to work as a teamCollaborative learning is an e-learning technique by which one or more students, teachers and/or individuals jointly learn, research and share an educational course.

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Collaborative learning is a method of teaching and learning in which students team together to explore a significant question or create a meaningful project. A group of students discussing a lecture or students from different schools working together over the Internet on a shared assignment are both examples of collaborative learning.In cooperative learning, students work together in small groups on a structured activity. They are individually accountable for their work, and the work of the group as a whole is also assessed. Cooperative groups work face-to-face and learn to work as a teamCollaborative learning is an e-learning technique by which one or more students, teachers and/or individuals jointly learn, research and share an educational course.

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1st definition:
Generally speaking, I think collaborative work is when the students are helping each other so that someone can do something that otherwise would not be possible to do or to do so with great difficulty.

2nd definition:
In a more detailed way, I think collaborative learning involves the mobilization of interpersonal skills, effective communication, negotiation, planning, conflict resolution, decision making, leadership, personal responsibility, teamwork, creativity, situational analysis, formulation and problem solving, critical reasoning, ability to give feedback, etc.

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According to Gerlach, "Collaborative learning is based on the idea that learning is a naturally social act in which the participants talk among themselves (Gerlach, 1994). It is through the talk that learning occurs."
http://archive.wceruw.org/cl1/cl/moreinfo/mi2a.htm

Collaborative learning is a method of teaching and learning in which students team together to explore a significant question or create a meaningful project. A group of students discussing a lecture or students from different schools working together over the Internet on a shared assignment are both examples of collaborative learning.
In cooperative learning, students work together in small groups on a structured activity. They are individually accountable for their work, and the work of the group as a whole is also assessed. Cooperative groups work face-to-face and learn to work as a team.
In small groups, students can share strengths and also develop their weaker skills. They develop their interpersonal skills. They learn to deal with conflict. When cooperative groups are guided by clear objectives, students engage in numerous activities that improve their understanding of subjects explored.

In order to create an environment in which cooperative learning can take place, three things are necessary. First, students need to feel safe, but also challenged. Second, groups need to be small enough that everyone can contribute. Third, the task students work together on must be clearly defined. The cooperative and collaborative learning techniques presented here should help make this possible for teachers.

Also, in cooperative learning small groups provide a place where:

learners actively participate;

teachers become learners at times, and learners sometimes teach;

respect is given to every member;

projects and questions interest and challenge students;

diversity is celebrated, and all contributions are valued;

students learn skills for resolving conflicts when they arise;

members draw upon their past experience and knowledge;

goals are clearly identified and used as a guide;

research tools such as Internet access are made available;

students are invested in their own learning.

https://www.thirteen.org/edonline/concept2class/coopcollab/index.html

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Everybody should have a role to play in collaborative learning so that everybody gains a bit of knowledge of the task in hand.
Collaborative learning is an e-learning technique by which one or more students, teachers and/or individuals jointly learn, research and share an educational course.

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The very dictionary definition of collaboration will tell us what collaborative learning means. The word "collaboration" brings together the Latin "col-" meaning "with or together" with the Latin "labor" or toil. For educationists, collaborative learning is a comprehensive term for "a variety of educational approaches involving joint intellectual effort by students, or students and teachers together."¹
Dr. Ranee Kaur Banerjee

“Collaborative learning” is an umbrella term for a variety of educational approaches involving joint intellectual effort by students, or students and teachers together. Usually, students are working in groups of two or more, mutually searching for understanding, solutions, or meanings, or creating a product. Collaborative learning activities vary widely, but most center on students’ exploration or application of the course material, not simply the teacher’s presentation or explication of it.
BarbaraLeigh Smith and Jean T. MacGegor, 1992

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The grouping and pairing of learners for the purpose of achieving a learning goal, has been widely researched and advocated - the term "collaborative learning" refers to an instruction method in which learners at various performance levels work together in small groups toward a common goal.
http://www.gdrc.org/kmgmt/c-learn/index.html
Collaborative learning is an e-learning technique by which one or more students, teachers and/or individuals jointly learn, research and share an educational course. Collaborative learning enhances the typical educational approach by allowing remotely connected peers and individuals to collaborate in real time through technological aids and resources.

https://www.techopedia.com/definition/2484/collaborative-learning

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“Collaborative learning” is an umbrella term for a variety of educational approaches involving joint intellectual effort by students, or students and teachers together. Usually, students are working in groups of two or more, mutually searching for understanding, solutions, or meanings, or creating a product. Collaborative learning activities vary widely, but most center on students’ exploration or application of the course material, not simply the teacher’s presentation or explication of it  by Barbara Leigh Smith and Jean T. MacGregor,1992.
Cooperative Learning Cooperative learning represents the most carefully structured end of the collaborative learning continuum. Defined as “the instructional use of small groups so that students work together to maximize their own and each other’s learning” (Johnson et al. 1990), cooperative learning is based on the social interdependence theories of Kurt Lewin and Morton Deutsch (Deutsch, 1949; Lewin, 1935). These theories and associated research explore the influence of the structure of social interdependence on individual interaction within a given situation which, in turn, affects the outcomes of that interaction (Johnson and Johnson, 1989). Pioneers in cooperative learning, David and Roger Johnson at the University of Minnesota, Robert Slavin at Johns Hopkins University, and Elizabeth Cohen at Stanford, have devoted years of detailed research and analysis to clarify the conditions under which cooperative, competitive, or individualized goal structures affect or increase student achievement, psychological adjustment, self-esteem, and social skills.

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Let's rise together! Ego vs Sinergy

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Collaborative learning has a special strength about combining of  participants ideas in team work.
It  is a type of collaborative learning that involves students working in pairs or small groups to discuss concepts or find solutions to problems. Similar to the idea that two or three heads are better than one, educational researchers have found that through peer instruction, students teach each other by addressing misunderstandings and clarifying misconceptions.
(https://teaching.cornell.edu/teaching-resources/engaging-students/collaborative-learning)
Cooperative learning is characterized by positive interdependence, where students perceive that better performance by individuals produces better performance by the entire group (Johnson, et al., 2014) (https://wp0.vanderbilt.edu/cft/guides-sub-pages/setting-up-and-facilitating-group-work-using-cooperative-learning-groups-effectively/).

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for me collaborative learning is their own and  each others' learning process while solvng a problem and sharing rsponsibility as a group.
Pierre Dillenbourg 'collaborative learning' is that it is a situation in which two or more people learn or attempt to learn something together. Each element of this definition can be interpreted in different ways: • "two or more" may be interpreted as a pair, a small group (3-5 subjects), a class (20-30 subjects), a community (a few hundreds or thousands of people), a society (several thousands or millions of people)... and all intermediate levels. 2 • "learn something" may be interpreted as "follow a course", "study course material", "perform learning activities such as problem solving", "learn from lifelong work practice", .... • "together" may be interpreted as different forms of interaction: face-to-face or computermediated, synchronous or not, frequent in time or not, whether it is a truly joint effort or whether the labour is divided in a systematic way.  Dillenbourg P. (1999) What do yuo mean by collaborative leraning?. In P. Dillenbourg (Ed) Collaborative-learning: Cognitive and Computational Approaches. (pp.1-19). Oxford: Elsevier
According to Gerlach, "Collaborative learning is based on the idea that learning is a naturally social act in which the participants talk among themselves (Gerlach, 1994). It is through the talk that learning occurs."

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The term “collaborative learning” refers to an instruction method in which students at various performance levels work together in small groups toward a common goal. Collaborative learning is a relationship among learners that fosters positive interdependence, individual accountability, and interpersonal skills.
(Anu A. Gokhale, 2012)
Cooperative learning is the instructional use of small groups through which students work together to maximize their own and each other’s learning (Johnson et al. 1994). It is related to collaborative learning, which emphasizes that learning occurs as an effect of community (Johson and Johnson 1999). It is, however, contrasted with individualistic and competitive learning in which students work by themselves to accomplish learning goals that are not related to others, and compete with each other for grades (Johnson et al. 1998). There are three types of cooperative learning. The first type is formal cooperative learning which consists of students working together, for one class period or several weeks, to achieve a joint learning goals and complete tasks assigned. The second type is informal cooperative learningwhich includes students working together to achieve shared learning goals...
(Rim Razzouk, Tristan E. Johnson, 2012)

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Collaborative learning is a situation in which two or more people learn or attempt to learn something together.[1] Unlike individual learning, people engaged in collaborative learning capitalize on one another's resources and skills (asking one another for information, evaluating one another's ideas, monitoring one another's work, etc.).[2][3] More specifically, collaborative learning is based on the model that knowledge can be created within a population where members actively interact by sharing experiences and take on asymmetric roles.[4] Put differently, collaborative learning refers to methodologies and environments in which learners engage in a common task where each individual depends on and is accountable to each other. These include both face-to-face conversations[5] and computer discussions (online forums, chat rooms, etc.).[6] Methods for examining collaborative learning processes include conversation analysis and statistical discourse analysis.[7]

Thus, collaborative learning is commonly illustrated when groups of students work together to search for understanding, meaning, or solutions or to create an artifact or product of their learning. Furthermore, collaborative learning redefines the traditional student-teacher relationship in the classroom which results in controversy over whether this paradigm is more beneficial than harmful.[8][9] Collaborative learning activities can include collaborative writing, group projects, joint problem solving, debates, study teams, and other activities. The approach is closely related to cooperative learning.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_learning
Collaborative learning is an umbrella term for a variety of approaches in education that involve joint intellectual effort by students or students and teachers. Collaborative learning refers to methodologies and environments in which learners engage in a common task in which each individual depends on and is accountable to each other. It involves use of small groups so that all students can maximise their learning and that of their peers. It is a process of shared creation: two of more individuals interacting to create a shared understanding of a concept, discipline or area of practice that none had previously possessed or could have come to on their own. Collaborative learning activities can include collaborative writing, group projects, and other activities.
http://sydney.edu.au/education_social_work/learning_teaching/ict/theory/collaborative_learning.shtml

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Collaborative learning
"...is a concept that defines a theoretical and research area of great interest and strong identity. Although the issue of intellectual cooperation has a long tradition in the field of research for psychology and education (Melero Zabal & Fernández Berrocal, 1995; Roselli, 1999a; Rodriguez Barreiro, Fernández, Escudero & Sabirón, 2000; Barkley, Croos & Major, 2007; Strijbos & Fischer, 2007), regularly associated with the idea of working in a group or team, only in the decade of the 80’s and specially the 90’s, the idea gains a new impetus, giving rise to the epistemic field recognized as collaborative learning."
Nestor D. Roselli

Collaborative learning
"... is an umbrella term for a variety of educational approaches involving joint intellectual effort by students, or students and teachers together. Usually, students are working in groups of two or more, mutually searching for understanding, solutions, or meanings, or creating a product. Collaborative learning activities vary widely, but most center on students’ exploration or application of the course material, not simply the teacher’s presentation or explication of it. Collaborative learning represents a significant shift away from the typical teachercentered or lecture-centered milieu in college classrooms. In collaborative classrooms, the lecturing/ listening/note-taking process may not disappear entirely, but it lives alongside other processes that are based in students’ discussion and active work with the course material. Teachers who use collaborative learning approaches tend to think of themselves less as expert transmitters of knowledge to students, and more as expert designers of intellectual experiences for students-as coaches or mid-wives of a more emergent learning process."
Barbara Leigh Smith and Jean T. MacGregor

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When I brainstormed what co-learning is for me it is: working together to solve a problem, with shared responsibility for the outcome and for each other's work.... I also like the term "interdependent".
1) In search for defintions I found "how students interact with each another is a neglected aspect of instruction" (http://www.co-operation.org/what-is-cooperative-learning/) and realized how true that is. On the same page I also found that co-operative learning is "working togehter to achieve shared learning goals and complete jointly specific tasks and assignments" (Johnson, Johnson, & Holubec, 2008).
2) On a another page (https://www2.ed.gov/pubs/OR/ConsumerGuides/cooplear.html) I found also an interesting definition: "Cooperative learning is a successful teaching strategy in which small teams, each with students of different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject. Each member of a team is responsible not only for learning what is taught but also for helping teammates learn, thus creating an atmosphere of achievement.".

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According to Açıkgöz, cooperative learning, is a learning approach in which students are rewarded in different ways by helping them to learn each other in an academic subject, creating small mixed groups in a classroom environment. (2000)
 According to Slavin (1988); cooperative learning as a concept; This course includes the teaching methods in which students are rewarded in different forms, usually in small groups of 2-6 people.
https://www.pegem.net/dosyalar/dokuman/81020150958313.%20%C4%B0%C5%9F%20Birlikli%20%C3%96%C4%9Frenme%20Modeli%202.bask%C4%B1%20onay.pdf
There is a goal in cooperative learning, the members of the group that come together for that purpose interact with each other, are responsible for each other, actively participate in the teaching-learning process while developing problem solving and critical thinking skills.

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Collaborative learning involves the development of higher-level thinking, oral communication, self-management, and leadership skills; the promotion of student-faculty interaction; The increase in student retention, self-esteem, and responsibility; the exposure to and an increase in understanding of diverse perspectives; the preparation for real life social and employment situations.

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According to Gerlach Collaborative learning is based on the idea that learning is a naturally social act in which the participants talk among themselves.(1994)
Smith and MacGregor say that CL is an active process whereby students assimilate the information and relate this new knowledge to a framework of prior knowledge.(1992)

I think Cl is like working together and sharing ideas and then composing new thing

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Work Together
- Share ideas
- Communication
- Active Listenning
- discussion

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1) “Collaborative learning is an umbrella term for a variety of educational approaches involving joint intellectual effort by students, or students and teachers together. Usually, students are working in groups of two or more, mutually searching for understanding, solutions, or meanings, or creating a product” .
(Smith and Macgregor ,1992)

2)"If students learn to work together in the classroom, they will have the chance to become better citizens, as it will be easier for them to interact with people who may have different points of view than their own"
(Wiersema, 2000 apud Figueiredo , 2006)

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Cooperative learnin is : cooperation, negotiation, is a method of teaching and learning in which students team together to explore a significant question or create a meaningful project.
https://www.thirteen.org/edonline/concept2class/coopcollab/index.html

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Cooperative learning is:
collaborative problem solving
understanding the nature of problem
Comunication and negotiation
Exchange
(Griffin and Kerr 2014)

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Collaborative learning is a method of teaching and learning in which students team together to explore a significant question or create a meaningful project. A group of students discussing a lecture or students from different schools working together over the Internet on a shared assignment are both examples of collaborative learning.

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Collaborative learning is a method of teaching and learning in which students team together to explore a significant question or create a meaningful project.

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I understand collaborative learning as a set of strategies that the students apply together,  to learn something or achieve a aim, such as to solve a problem.

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In collaborative learning, students process new material in pairs or in small groups. It is the intention that the students consult with each other during collaborative learning. This stimulates the formulation of the curriculum, and thereby the internalisation of knowledge and skills

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-"Cooperative learning means using the instructional method of small groups so that they can work together, and each member of the group will improve their own performance and contribute to the performance of the other members of the group." (Johnson, R. , Johnson, D., Holubec, E., 1994)

"Cooperative learning is a didactic method based on the organization, based on well-established operational objectives, of a collective work based on complementarity, oriented towards ensuring the social aspect of learning and aiming at the development of interpersonal communication skills, interactions, skills and behaviors (Ionescu, M., Bacos, M., 2001

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1)For educationists, collaborative learning is a comprehensive term for "a variety of educational approaches involving joint intellectual effort by students, or students and teachers together." Smith, BL and MacGregor, JT, "What is Collaborative Learning?" in Goodsell, Maher, Tinto, Smith & MacGregor's Collaborative Learning: A Sourcebook for Higher Education; National Center on Postsecondary Teaching, Learning and Assessment; Pennsylvania State University: 1992.
2)Collaborative learning is a method of teaching and learning in which students team together to explore a significant question or create a meaningful project.
https://www.thirteen.org/edonline/concept2class/coopcollab/index.html

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In collaborative learning, students work in teams to solve a problem. In the cooperative work, a distribution of roles is carried out during the design and specific tasks are assigned to each member of the team.

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Students become "self educators" and "self motivators" and they can actually support the teachers in their instructional endeavors.

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“The most effective creative process alternates between time in groups, collaboration, interaction, and conversation... [and] times of solitude, where something different happens cognitively in your brain,” says Dr. Keith Sawyer, a researcher on creativity and collaboration, and author of Group Genius: The Creative Power of Collaboration.https://www.edutopia.org/article/group-work-works
Collaborative learning is commonly illustrated when groups of students work together to search for understanding, meaning, or solutions or to create an artifact or product of their learning. Further, collaborative learning redefines traditional student-teacher relationship in the classroom because activities can include collaborative writing, group projects, joint problem solving, debates, study teams, and other activities in which students team together to explore a significant question or create a meaningful project.https://www.teacherswithapps.com/the-differences-in-cooperative-learning-collaborative-learning/

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Collaborative learning is all we can interactive with our students, and approach the learning with they.

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According to Anna Laghigna, teacher and specialist involved in Co-Lab "Collaborative learning is critical to developing a set of interpersonal skills, effectively communicating, negotiating, problem solving, decision making, leadership, personal responsibility, and teamwork".

Also TORRES, P. L. in his book "Online learning laboratory: a proposal critical of collaborative learning for education" presents the assumptions of the collaborative practice  as

" 1. Active participation of the student in the learning process

2. Mediation of teacher learning

3. Collective construction of knowledge

4. Interactivity among the various actors involved in the process

5. Stimulation of expression and communication processes

6. Flexibility of roles in the communications process

7. Systematization of planning, development and evaluation of activities

8. Development of student autonomy in the teaching-learning process

9. Appreciation of freedom with responsibility"

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Collaborative learning is interacting together and learning from each other to achieve a join goal.

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Collaborative learning includes a variety of methodologies and environments where learners can be involved in a common task. In carrying out this task each individual depends on and is accountable to each other.  This should be carried out in small groups to create a shared understanding of their subject/topic.
"For educationists, collaborative learning is a comprehensive term for "a variety of educational approaches involving joint intellectual effort by students, or students and teachers together."
https://www.brighthubeducation.com/teaching-methods-tips/69801-definition-of-collaborative-learning/
" Collaborative learning is a method of teaching and learning in which students team together to explore a significant question or create a meaningful project. "

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From Barbara Leigh Smith and Jean T. MacGregor’s study on collaborative learning:

“Collaborative learning” is an umbrella term for a variety of educational approaches involving joint intellectual effort by students, or students and teachers together. Usually, students are working in groups of two or more, mutually searching for understanding, solutions, or meanings, or creating a product. Collaborative learning activities vary widely, but most center on students’ exploration or application of the course material, not simply the teacher’s presentation or explication of it.

Collaborative learning covers a broad territory of approaches with wide variability in the amount of in-class or out-of-class time built around group work. Collaborative activities can range from classroom discussions interspersed with short lectures, through entire class periods, to study on research teams that last a whole term or year.

Cooperative learning represents the most carefully structured end of the collaborative learning continuum. Defined as “the instructional use of small groups so that students work together to maximize their own and each other’s learning” (Johnson et al. 1990), cooperative learning is based on the social interdependence theories of Kurt Lewin and Morton Deutsch (Deutsch, 1949; Lewin, 1935).

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Cooperative learning is the instructional use of small groups so that students work together to maximize their own and each other’s learning.

“http://www.co-operation.org/what-is-cooperative-learning/”

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Collaborative problem solving (CPS) is a critical and necessary skill in educational settings and the workforce. The assessment of CPS in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 focuses on the cognitive and social skills related to problem solving in collaborative scenarios: establishing and maintaining shared understanding, taking appropriate actions to solve problems, and establishing and maintaining group organization.

“He, Qiwei & Von Davier, Matthias & Greiff, Samuel & W. Steinhauer, Eric & B. Borysewicz, Paul. (2017). Collaborative Problem Solving Measures in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). 10.1007/978-3-319-33261-1_7”

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at the same timeStudent centered and allow for differention to personalize learning for all students

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Collaborative learning is an educational approach to teaching and learning that involves groups of students working together to solve a problem, complete a task, or create a product.

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If they use their networking skills it completes the lesson.  

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If they use their networking skills it completes the lesson.  

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Collaborative learning is an educational approach to teaching and learning that involves groups of students working together to solve a problem, complete a task, or create a product.

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It is a process which includes sharing ideas, giving details, working dependently, collaborative working, communication, negotiation, coordination, monitoring.

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Work together is a way for students to develope social skills and problem solving.I usually use collaborative learning with my pupils,they love to wo

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Work together Is a est to develope social sulla and an help for students

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Collaborative learning is the way studenemts work together,make a project.With cooperative learning;
1. Develops your social skills.
2. Develops feelings of responsibility.
According to Griffin & Care (2014), what does collaborative problem solving involve among students?

* Understanding the common recognition and the nature of the problem
* Communication, negotiation and exchange for a plan to solve the problem
* Coordinated action for the realization of the plan
* Monitoring process
What is Collaborative and Cooperative Learning?

Collaborative learning is a teaching and learning method where students come together to investigate an important question or create a meaningful project. A group of students discussing a lesson or students from different schools working together on the Internet are examples of cooperative learning, both for a common assignment.

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Thank you for downloading the personalized learning guide

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BYOT is a blog about personalized learning, blended learning, CBE, and everything innovation in education

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Student Teams-Success Departments (ÖTBB)

Usually four-person heterogeneous groups are formed. The teacher presents the subject with visual, auditory and material support. Students work as a team and help each other learn. The main purpose of this technique is to prepare the whole group and other group members to be successful in exams. Students work for the team and teams for the members. In the exams, if the student shows better success than before, he can earn points for his team. Thus, the student competes with him and not with other students.

Team Assisted Individualization: It is applied mostly for mathematics course and works with its own materials.

Teams are created as in ÖTBB and TOT. The students are subjected to a preliminary test to determine where to begin. Each student works with his personal material (addition, subtraction, fractional numbers, etc li.) And asks his teacher for his location. The student solves the test, has the other friend check with the answer key. If the answers are correct, an upper exercise test is given. A team score is calculated each week based on the number of units completed by the team members and the unit scores. The teams are selected as “super” “very good” and “good arak by looking at the pre-determined criteria. Those who are ir super sertifika and a very good “are given a flamboyant certificate.
Team Assisted Individualization: It is applied mostly for mathematics course and works with its own materials.

https://mustafaakyoldotme.wordpress.com/2018/01/04/isbirlikli-ogrenme-teknikleri/

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Johnson and Johnson suggested five principles of CL as (a) positive interdependence, (b) individual accountability, (c) promotive interaction, (d) appropriate use of social skills, and (e) group processing. I have really appreciated the various definitions of CL that the people involved in the course have suggested. Various performance levels; common goal , relationship among learners, positive interdependence; meaningful learning experiences, real-world problems are only a few of these incredibly important concepts. Moreover, contrasting cooperative vs collaborative approach has increased my awareness of the added value of CL approach: coordinated effort is the key principle to focus upon.

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“Collaborative learning” is an umbrella term for a variety of educational approaches involving joint intellectual effort by students, or students and teachers together. Usually, students are working in groups of two or more, mutually searching for understanding, solutions, or meanings, or creating a product. Collaborative learning activities vary widely, but most center on students’ exploration or application of the course material, not simply the teacher’s presentation or explication of it. (Barbara Leigh Smith and Jean T. MacGregor)

Collaborative Learning is a relationship among learners that requires positive interdependence (a sense of sink or swim together), individual accountability (each of us has to contribute and learn), interpersonal skills (communication, trust, leadership, decision making, and conflict resolution), face-to-face promotive interaction, and processing (reflecting on how well the team is functioning and how to function even better).

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1st Definition:
A process through which learners at various performance levels work together in small groups toward a common goal. It is a learner-centred approach derived from social learning theories as well as the socio-constructivist perspective on learning. Collaborative learning is a relationship among learners that fosters positive interdependence, individual accountability, and interpersonal skills. For collaborative learning to be effective, teaching must be viewed as a process of developing and enhancing students’ ability to learn. The instructor’s role is not to transmit information, but to serve as a facilitator for learning. This involves creating and managing meaningful learning experiences and stimulating learners’ thinking through real-world problems. Yet, the task must be clearly defined and be guided by specific objectives. Sometimes cooperative and collaborative learning are used interchangeably but cooperative work usually involves dividing work among the team members, whilst collaborative work means all the team members tackle the problems together in a coordinated effort. (Adapted from: Seel 2012). ‘Collaboration’ is frequently included among key competences/competencies and 21st century skills.
UNESCO, International Bureau of Education
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2nd Definition:
Despite the term of collaborative learning (CL) has been used in a wide variety of ways across different disciplines and fields, there is a lack of consensus upon definition of the term (Jenni, R. & Mauriel, J., 2004). While there is no consensus on what CL is, there are some underlying features that will be identified.

Collaboration has become a twenty-first-century trend. The need in society to think and work together on issues of critical concern has increased (Austin, J. E., 2000; Welch, M., 1998) shifting the emphasis from individual efforts to group work, from independence to community (Leonard, P. E. & Leonard, L. J., 2001).

CL is an educational approach to teaching and learning that involves groups of learners working together to solve a problem, complete a task, or create a product. In the CL environment, the learners are challenged both socially and emotionally as they listen to different perspectives, and are required to articulate and defend their ideas. In so doing, the learners begin to create their own unique conceptual frameworks and not rely solely on an expert's or a text's framework. In a CL setting, learners have the opportunity to converse with peers, present and defend ideas, exchange diverse beliefs, question other conceptual frameworks, and are actively engaged (Srinivas, H., 2011).

CL represents a significant shift away from the typical teacher-centered or lecture-centered milieu in college classrooms. In collaborative classrooms, the lecturing/ listening/note-taking process may not disappear entirely, but it lives alongside other processes that are based in students’ discussion and active work with the course material. Teachers who use CL approaches tend to think of themselves less as expert transmitters of knowledge to students, and more as expert designers of intellectual experiences for students-as coaches or midwives of a more emergent learning process (Smith, B. L. & MacGregor, J. T., 1992).

CL occurs when small groups of students help each other to learn. CL is sometimes misunderstood. It is not having students talk to each other, either face-to-face or in a computer conference, while they do their individual assignments. It is not having them do the task individually and then have those who finish first help those who have not yet finished. And it is certainly not having one or a few students do all the work, while the others append their names to the report (Klemm, W.R., 1994). There is persuasive evidence that cooperative teams achieve at higher levels of thought and retain information longer than learners who work quietly as individuals (Johnson, R.T. & Johnson, D.W., 1986). Further evidence comes from Samuel Totten (1991). The shared learning gives learners an opportunity to engage in discussion, take responsibility for their own learning, and thus become critical thinkers. Proponents of CL claim that the active exchange of ideas within small groups not only increases interest among the participants but also promotes critical thinking (Gokhale, A.A., 1995).

Marjan Laal and Mozhgan Laal / Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 31 (2012) 491 – 495

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/82671069.pdf

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Collaborative learning is the way students work together and make a Project, a task, or ceate a product. They learn the way sharing, listening, different point of view. In this photo you can see my students collaborative work and their happiness

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The distinction between cooperation and collaboration. According to Witney and Smallbone (2011, p.102-103), cooperation is defined as an activity, ‘‘where participants
divide the task among themselves and work independently’’, whereas collaboration is an activity that enables participants to ‘‘co-ordinate their efforts to solve a problem or accomplish a task collectively’’.