# data[].attributes.headline
"Growth of American Cities: The Gilded Age"

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"Growth of American Cities: The Gilded Age"

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New York's population nearly tripled from 1860 to 1900; it was one of the most heavily-populated cities during the time period.

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Jacob Riis immigrated to New York in 1870. In 1890 he became nationally known for his book "How the other Half Lives" (and then later, the "Battle with the Slum") in which he forced the public-the advantaged half-to acknowledge the poverty that existed in tenements.

# data[].attributes.subject
Jacob Riis immigrated to New York in 1870. In 1890 he became nationally known for his book "How the other Half Lives" (and then later, the "Battle with the Slum") in which he forced the public-the advantaged half-to acknowledge the poverty that existed in tenements.

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"Flatiron Building: A Three-Sided Story"

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"Flatiron Building: A Three-Sided Story"

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1902
New York City’s first skyscraper was built: the 21-story Flatiron building at 23rd Street and Fifth Avenue.

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1902
New York City’s first skyscraper was built: the 21-story Flatiron building at 23rd Street and Fifth Avenue.

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1904
New York City’s first subway line, called the IRT, opened.

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1904
New York City’s first subway line, called the IRT, opened.

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Between 1892 and 1954, more than 12 million immigrants passed through Ellis Island, an immigration facility that is now part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument.

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Between 1892 and 1954, more than 12 million immigrants passed through Ellis Island, an immigration facility that is now part of the Statue of Liberty National Monument.

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Hine, 1908

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"Derrick and workers on girder, Empire State Building"

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"Derrick and workers on girder, Empire State Building"

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Hines, 1930-1931

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"Italian family looking for lost baggage, Ellis Island"

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"Italian family looking for lost baggage, Ellis Island"

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1905

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John G. Mark (Library of Congress)

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“12 year old boy at work pulling threads. Had sworn certificate he was 16—owned under cross-examination to being 12. His teeth corresponded with that age,” 

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“12 year old boy at work pulling threads. Had sworn certificate he was 16—owned under cross-examination to being 12. His teeth corresponded with that age,” 

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Jacob Riis, 1890

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 “A man atop a make-shift bed that consists of a plank across two barrels,”

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 “A man atop a make-shift bed that consists of a plank across two barrels,”

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Jacob Riis, 1890

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During the Gilded Age, there were approximately 25,000 deaths and 1 million injuries per year due to poor industrial working conditions.

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"Italian Mother and Her Baby in Jersey Street"

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"Italian Mother and Her Baby in Jersey Street"

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Jacob Riis 1888-1889

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This political cartoon illustrates that laborers were subjected to inhumane working conditions and low wages during The Gilded Age, essentially abandoning their rights.

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New York's factories introduced air pollutants, such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, into the environment, thereby intensifying climate change and acid deposition.

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Jacob Riis, 1892

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"In Sleeping Quarters, Rivington Street Dump"

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"In Sleeping Quarters, Rivington Street Dump"

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Jacob Riis, 1892

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Percentage of Americans living in cities in 1860: 20%
Percentage of Americans living in cities in 1900: 40%

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Jacob Riis, 1892

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In 1900, 18% of industrial workers were between the ages of 10 and 15.

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During the Gilded Age, industrial vapors led to the formation of smog, which made it difficult for people to breathe in New York.

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Newspaper article on the "dark places photographed in 1888"

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Image provided by: The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundation

Newspaper Page Text

L T i 0 < 7 i IP HSiliS Si PS w P P I I p
j
I
10 THE SUN SUNDAY FEBRUARY 12 1888S1XTEEN PAGES I t
t FLASHES FROM TIlE SLUMS
1JCTVHKB IAKKN IN DARK PLACES J3T
TUB tlOUTNtKO FKOCK8S
f
ami ftk Rriolli nr Joaraey Tkrcntk
v tko City with iin nIAntn Cumerlt
t Tke Pr the Idle unrf t h Vlclom
With their way illuminated by spasmodic
1 flashes as bright and hal and brief as those
t of the lightning Itself a mysterious party baa
lately been startling the town o nights Bom
I
nolont policemen on the street denlcons of the
dives In their dens tramps and bummers In
their socalled lodgings nnd nil tho pooplo of
the wild and wonderful Tarot of New York
night life have In their turn marvelled at and
been frightened by the phenomenon What
they taw waa three or four figures In tho gloom
a ghostly tripod some weird and uncanny
movements the blinding flash and then they
her the patter of retreating footsteps and
tho mysterious visitors were cone before they
could collect their scattered thoughts and try
to find out what It waa all about Of course all
this tUM 8p edlly became known to TUB HUN
rsportrL and equally a n matter of course
they speedily found out tho moaning of tho
Morning mystery But at the request of tho
parties Interested the publication of tho facts
was delayed until tbo purpose ot the expe
dition was accomplished That has now beon
dono and Its history mnynow be written
The party consisted of members of the So
ciety of Amateur rhotournphorof Now York
experimenting with the process of taking In
vtantMsous pictures by an artificial flash light
and their guide and conductor un energetic
ItentlernaQ who combines In his person
though not In practice the two dIgnities
deacon In a Long Island church and a police
WHITE SLAVES
reporter in Now York His object In tho mat
ter besides the Interest in the taking of the
pictures wns the collection of n series of v Inn s
for magic lantern Mlles hhow ne as no mere
description could tho misery 11 vice thai ue
had noticed In his ten years ot experience
Aside from Its strong human Interest bo
thought that this treatment of the topic would
call attention to the needs of the situation anti
BiiBcect the direction In which inucdi good
niliht be done The nature of this feature ol the
deaconrrporters Idea Is Indicated by the wily
he hns succeeded In Interesting the children In
his Bunday school on Long IMnnd In the work
of helping tho destitute children of the me
tropolis The le8ltlt about the little church
edlllco Is turned Into a garden In which tho
Sunday school children work at spading
hoeing planting and weeding amt the pota
toes and other vegetables thus raised nre con
tributed to a childrens home in this city In
furtherance of just such nlms the deaconre
porter throw himself with tireless energy Into
the pursuit of pictures of Gotham crime and
misery by night and day to make n foundation
for I lecture called < The Other Half How It
Lives and Dies In New York to give nt church
and Sunday school exhibitions and tho like
I
I
WAKED UP BY TUB FLASH LIGHT
The entire composition of the night rouslnc
partywaa Dr Henry O PIITard and Klchntd
c 110 Lawrence two accomplished t and procr
SITS amateur photographers Dr Jithn T ftu
gB of the Health Board who Is I strongly inter
ested In tho same direction and Jacob A jilts
the deaconreporter
The frt picture In this report gives avlewof
life among the white slaves as the needle
women of New York are truthfully and pa
t teal designated since fiE HUN has dis
closed so much or the misery and oppression
I
they suffer Thl women aro mother and
daughter both widows As they are both able
to work nnd have no children or any one de
pending on them they are exceptionally well
01
off among the class to which they belong Hut
fi Is only by unremitting work early and Late
that they are able to keep over themselves tbo
poor shelter of a tenement house roof and
provide the actual necessaries of tile anl
LDINGS I I PKIL STREET
The adventures of tbe picturetaking party
fa other directions were interesting und BOIIIO
time amusing Tholr night pictures wore
faithful and characteristic being mostly map
shots and surprises In the daytime they
could not altogether avoid having tmo object
known and utrugglo as thoy mlcht against It
they could not altogether prevent the natural
Inhtlnct of fixing up for a picture from being
followed When I view WHS of Interest and
value as they found I they wore eomotlmeti
unable to top tlm preparation find posing
I from almost destroylnetlii internet 111 It oslnl
lllls I kindly furnlHhed a number of his
photogrtDhs to TUK BUNS artist and they aro
J thlT
i kiven here An example of tho flashlight pie
urea le this from tbo lodging room of the Tlilr
i
q
1L 1UX1F1I bTllKET
tleth MroKt pollcit tttatldii Tlm threo women
iiuiL11 In the ilisli in iinqidltTou nt tnM i t
fits Million IIOIIDH lodii r IIil 14 i nliovMi Iii tnI I
duO or brazou liidHTcicntu ono in letirin I
lulllUlcl 1trllt
modesty and averted lace onl the third In I
uxry defiance ofcameru sad visitors I
1 at ir fluahlltihl ploturp though showing I
opJyftwJ Ilf0il t eloquent of the misery and de
n of those with whom ImaclnatloD can
paw It aa each roounUg nlgbt does people I
I with the wrcokP of humanity that lon its
clientage I II n 1 cli street t sevencent lodging
house whoso cots or beds or bunkl or ham
mocks partaking as thoy do of the character
tiles of rnnnklnl are simply Btrlp of canvas
stretched between beams six feet apart Hr
llll has other views of this place at night which
aro a revelation to those who wore never lucre
1 ho Pictures secured of some of the not
rious courts and alleys of the lowest tenement
COUrR tho Fourth nnd With wards are
Interesting and aro especIally relied upon
very r tills to wake his 10 ocsIT avorof the
Childrens Aid Hooloty and other children
Chid AlI i
helpers becnuse they aro always swarming
with children Tho court n It Baxter street
long of an unsavory reputation and with a
I JlijJfji fJi
I
A BAXTER 6TBEET ALLII
still more unsavory name Is I now almost
wholly given up to Italian occupancy 1 II
still dirty and distressed and Its plcturo as
given here Is not without Interest 1 is a
typical tenement house yard the clothes lines
the hydrant tho push cart and the children
being t always to be found ar al
At 49 Baxter street Is n similar place an alley
leading l In from the sidewalk with tenements
on either side crowding so closo as to almost
shut out tho light of day On one side they aro
brick and on the other wood but there is little
differeneo in their rloketlnoss nnd squalor
This Is also an Italian colony and the bags of
rags and bones and paper shown are gathered
rRI those people despite tbo laws and ordi
nances and the S 000 police
At 59 Mulberry street In the famous Bond
Is i another alloy of this sort except I Is I as
much ole In character Its name U Bandits
Boost IB I worse than tho designations of most
of these alleys I has borne this name these
many years and though there have boon many
entire chances In the occupants In that time
J
BANDITS BOOST
each succeeding batch Booms to ba calculated
in appenraaco and character to keep up the
appropriateness of the name There are no
bags of rags to Indicate oven that low form of
industry here Many Italians live bore but i
they are devoted to tho stale beer Industry On
each side of the alley are stale beer dives In
room after room where the stuff is sold for two
or three cents a quart After buying a round
flUar
the customer Is entitled to a seat on tho floor
otherwise known as a lodging for the night
Another outcropping of the benevolent pur
pose of Mr lllls In behalf of the boys Is his
showInn a touching picture of street Arabs
In I Bleeping quarters which it must have taken
r =
BLEEPING STIIELT ABASH
a hunt to discover These youngsters have
evidently spent their lodging money for gallery
seats at the show and have found shelter on
the bock stoop of an old tenement house 01
The researches into tho manner of life of the
uo
I other half contln
contn
1v hnnnht uln
voitt1gstortncoto i
face with tho growl
nr which is the1
highly I I suggestive
unnie of the din or
pitcher In which beer
IH brought by the
idnt or quart from
the corner saloon
The bright youngster
here pictured us the
prowler Clunymcdo
has thousands or
prototypes in this =
city Ho serves both
the families In the
tenements and the i
gangs tilt cougru
mite on tho corners1
or In stulilos or some
other hhellor to work
thewrowlor In mnny = = = J
cases yet younger
children ore pressed
into this service und
gIrls as well ps boys
of tender years tire
sent Into calooim
of bad character for
eaowtu
this purpo o aurun
t1Hp growler gang that is l tho exemplifica
tion of all that In degrading anti disreputable
dlHrerutlblo
in the whole range of the practice In the one
whoio hi adqiiiii tors is l under the iiicIsnut street
dump Iho BurrmmdliiKH o thcuo I dilnkerit I I
arc dIrt I1yIn BBICSand refuse or tilt klmU
I
I
II
F 4
4 a
r 5
AN tAUT BIDE 01101VLB11 QAMI
the tlncnn eirietod floor nnd the Mench
laden nil and > hers li no mtriotlmihixii i > t
tile one of licr 11ln IVivnl pioilonrn
nut eipeclod hire und Jntonuptioiis uro not to
bo feared Ho the o IllQrlullloUlaru though I
thoull
young and sturdy never work can iineawtlo
nlvr oin
here anti rush the growler until 10J10
eight cot U gone
KOle
A similar gang qn tbe wait side la the greater I
freedom they enjoy awul the stables and I
1
slaughter houses UP town Indulge in all tho
beer they can got while assembled in the open
bet THey cn Iot POI rtUjeM moans of gettIng
under Ia when as U frequently tho cnse
that becomes necessary
V
a i
Let
I I
t
J WEST SIDE anowzEB aino
A feature of growler gang life Is the proeeed
Ing known a wrestlIng for the price That
means Rotting money with which to buy boar
And whon these young toughs talk about Ret
ting money It simply moans getting It and
there Is no restriction expressed or Implied ro
carding the means to be employed At these
lima the advent of a drunken man Into the
district patrolled by the Rang is a piece of good
luck for the boysnot for him Tho Interest 1
ing process of robbing for lush a bore shown
i
I
7
j
J
G
OBnlNG A LUSl
J
ll t deftly and quickly gone through with i
The degradation pictured In this view of a
Thompson street dive Is perhaps BB low as
any that tho picture takers came across Tho
dive Is one of the places known as Black and
Tans because Its frequenters aro colored men
and white women of tho most degraded sort
The man who la lounging on the barrel 60r
Ignorant worthless black of a capacity equal to
work as 1 day laborer were It not that tho en
ergy for such occupation can only be supplied
LjLJLJI t O J f
t3 0
I ii I It
I I I l I
LJ i 4
V 4
t Al
4r
A BLACK AND TAN DIVE
b1 the pressure of the most dire neosslty The
woman shown is white 8 to complexion but
a dissolute life and the effect of drink havo
dragged her down to tho level of the man If
Indeed she is not beneath It
OS COMB OFT
JL TIt Adventure with PullUer that
Cape CaMldjr I t Prud or
The Story by a Police Captain appeared
a usual in the World Thursday but ns usual
it was not written by the Police Captain whose
nuiuo wtta priuiou uuuur LUC uuuuuig 10 Beni
type This was the title
BURGLAR BILLY
A Thrilling Adventure
BY
POLICE OAPT EDWD OASSIDT
01 the Eldrldge Street Station
WBITTEV EXFBES8IT You THB KVENINO WORLD
Burglar Diy wa 1 thief named William
Wilson and the thrilling adventure which
Copt Cassidy was supposed to describe was
his arrest and his Incarceration in a police eta
anl lco sta
tion notwithstanding the determination of
Lilly to lie down on tbo sidewalk and his re
fusal t proceed until his feet were clubbed
wer
Copt Cassldy was askid last evening whether
ho wrote tbe story
J Write It sad Cart Csssldy I didnt
write a word ollt But t I had written It I
would not have written my name Edward
Cassidy because my name h Fhllip A young
man came into tbe police station a week ago
mnl
and asked me to give him stlton points for a
story 1 refused but he pressed mo BO hard
tout I thought the best way out of tho conver 8
sation was to tall him something So I told
10
hIm the Drat thing that came Into my head It
waa true but it was lot worth writing I
forrv the story came out as it did but I did tbo
test I could under lie circumstances and hope
1 yjli not bo censured too much for It < loJ
nBACIT UNDER OVA TEll
A Coralhn Mrrmaltf DIsporting Is the
Glare or Electric Ilthi
From an UnldtnlUlrJ Sure
One of the features or the Itoyal Aqua
rium Westminster is tbo singularly graceful
rum t sllulury rlf1
swimming performances of some young girls
under tbo able direction of Prof Beokwltb hInt
self a swimmer of celebrity In dayapone bln
For tlu lust eight rears said daUJone
baL0VcoPJtnueU givo regular performances
contnuod Ilvo
In this building that I take Itl is proof onougu
of thoir popularity The hail whore tho show
tnkos place is well adapted being constructed
for tho purpose Tier upyn tier of seats slope
nurposo < ter
gradually Cown to the swimmIng bath or BlolO
BOlOS coumj tout In length by thirty In vwuui
At one end of the tank upon a plutform 1rof
Itecknlth stands and introduces the swimmers
t tho audIence Introucls
Allow wesgyatbelrofessor introduce
my Latest WO111Sto Clifton and a lir9tty girl
of an iuimlttbhoflgus steps rotward anti stands
Walling a fJPI oct above the dark water Itand
wate
18 clad lit beg sIlk tIghts r cbloi 10 her hips
hr dross I composel of 1 claseiltttuug bodice
el080llln
of coracoored cashmere half open at I lie
neck but with arms totally uncovered tle
parently liar numerous Immersions UlvI or nix
1 day agree with her nond rfully well for sue
hug tho ilearebt and cruumlettof nklnn rosy
Cbeols and xparkllng eynH indeed mich red
ness of cheeks iniulo mu think ot paint and
luadt me regret hut ilia I lirst 11nt inunt
uecrharlly touches of color rob thU pretty girl of such dohicuous i
After ibolrofeisor had flnUued cnuniernt
I II tbl various eiwOleuce she bat iwijulred
under his tuition Miss Clifton
Uldor Ils took a single
tUIOl < IUon tok I
Steu anti lIke a pink arrow shot herself into
tbe air The next second she was fur beneath
10nl
tbe green depths of the water a ooralhuod
mernmlil silently cleitvInK her way and easily
dlbcernlble by reason of a powerful electric
light that followed anti dlsplioud her overt
nioveinent After her live or nix nthur younu
lltdleu ilnllonrit In null k HUUOCnMoii 1r n lilllTi
Klrl uf 7 appeal ed ihn lrute orB iluuglitor ami
joiincett Pupil wlJ itS liv pitb i7tull y 1111
nmrkttd In out of her depth iiywllVre
urioun fonts of fnoey rvvlmmlng worn indulged
II all rirmloful and eJover mid then t young
lleakwlth earn upon the mace a youth younl
who dived and am theentiro iengh of the
tank under water then ntro lenlb blowing
akQk wAte reaPpeared blow nK
like a grampus at the fart roapPArtl
happily for th durabIlity of ones > faIth In
crimson cheskg alias ClIfton only grew roster
and protfierthe longorehuostayed and eplasbed
abut Evol her abort curly hair did not seem
to lose Ito criarnags and when tl wster tour
nlmont wag Or sho arose ilke VIUS from
thl I suit Irlht amid liti wttili I ii n lke wllj I he sum rk
lug IWhlr 11111 u Ilf itur 101lha J Ih61111rl
true tn Ula llrlcilua Up
Woman Ita trm pII > kiD give ye some chops
In
your breakfast ooPI
I womanTsp u k Waatld 4aal > i w cttpfl
TraBep I wainI kroif hi BJI t tat vita aa MU
THIEVE AND THEIR WAYS
A TALK mm itrarxcTOii axnifEy coy
ClNINO CnULVArB
T cUim mr n ThlefIlK MotlT U
ThUTUr ThleTt Haiar Kick Thieve
Vfb Stick to flutsluuasA Yankee Jixll
Inspector Byrnes was surprised tho other
day In what seamed to bo an Idle moment lie
does not have many such In his curiously
decorated oTloo surrounded by pictures and
mementoes of police life he Is seldom alone an
Instant Interviews with complainants and
consultations with hU Aids and lieutenants
are varied by meetings and contests with
crooks and criminals each striving to find out
how much tho other knows without betraying
his own knowledge These lents when under
Inquisition aro sometimes present as prison
ers and sometimes arc merely visitors In response
sponge to Borne detectives Invitation In these
words The Boss wants to see you With
the closo of day these things do not end for
many a similar hour 1 passed by this official
In a room In his own house that has In a more
luxurious dtgroe many of the characteristics
of the office at PolIce Headquarters And as I
this were not enough to keep a man on tho
verge of distraction In the multitude of cases
for work and worry thus presented there must
bo added a great deal of outside work up
town down town and all over to enable the
Inspector to see and know for himself tho situ
ation In matters of Interest in his department
more thoroughly than can be don In the reception
ception reports however Intelligently made
from some one elses observation
TIE IIUc reportor who surprised the Inspec
tor In seeming idleness epoko to him and
then noticing that the answer came as though
from a mind recalled from a distance was
struck with the notion that Instead of being at
rest the detective had been busily engaged An
effort to Und out whether or not this was so
met with no success and this was proof posi
tive that there was something In It Whon
there Is nothing to tel the Inspector says so
When there Is something but he dooant want
to tell It bo says nothing
Everyone mho U familiar with life In tho
woods has been a mother bird led away
the attention of a lot of boys who have
nearly stumbled upon the hiding place
of bar nest tihe falls fluttering at their
feet I seems tho easiest thing pos
sible to stretch out the hand and grasp her
Tho hand is I stretched out but tho bird flutters
out of reach Continulne these tactics until
the ntst Is left far behind she cayly takes
wing and tho deluded boys could not find the
PIano where they bognu the chase eves I they
hud not forgotten all about the circumstances
of Its beginning
o was Boraethine In this manner that In
Spector Us rues begun to talk In a very general
way to tho reporter The latter thought ho
had a chance to captur the ofttciul and reached
out for him with tutu question
low are professional criminals mad
They are the product of a wide variety of
circumstances anbwered the Inspector A
great many might ba said t bo born thieves
Tholr parents were thieves or of I class that Is I
in some way not entirely reputable The chil
dren male mid female grow up under In
fluences of association and early training that
give them no chafes to loam to respect tho
teachings of morality or the restrictions of law
But in looking over the list and taking the
number of criminals who have become cele
brated In m > day the percentage is very small
of such who became so by reason of early train
ing by criminal parents or oven from natural
predilection growing out of relationship of this
kind Evan of those who crew up amid sur
roundings ant associations common to such
parentage there are few who may bo sad to
have mud a mark In this profession
ISO t It true that in many cases thieves who
have families try to keep their business a
Bcvrot from their children t
Yes they do It as long 1 thoy can Many
of them Intend and mean to but generally
speaking 1 is Impossible The father or
mother whichever U the thief and sointimos
it Is both is I away a great deal To the in
quiring miids of children this may lead to a
discovery Then tha visits of associates the
chance of an arrest or any of perhaps a hun
dred happenings may expose the facts At
first there is I u childish horror a natural repug
nance but blood is thicker than water and
sympathy is soon excited The father or
mother does sot call In vain for the childs re
gard and even asistnnce and support against
the law and Its operations which speedily take
on the appearance of oppressions to the young
mind Then unless speedily removed from
these Influences the force of circumstances
some pressing want or some seemingly excel
lent opportunity makes the child a thIef and
another recruit Is enlisted in the ranks of pro
fessional criminals
Does It ever hapDen that children are suc
cessfully kept In Ignorance of the business of
their criminal parents
Yes It does On that score I know of more
than one case In point here uro criminals
crminals
who have put their children in convents or
some such institutions whin very young and
thus have protected them from ever nicking
the dreaded dIscovery fhs > are visited there
by their parents nt lone Inlervals perhaps hut
always under circumstances when the visit Is
safe and exposure risked Ono of tho most
notorious women crooks that > > ow York has
over known lion a daughter grown who Is a
pious and rellrlous woman a bister in a con I
vent and I assume Mill Ignorant of bur
mothers manner of life
You have only mentioned thieves who have
maae their murk does this all apply to tho
common run of offenderx
No I really did not think of them They
nro not objects of study and I would not repay
it Of course In large city like this there
It a larle cly Iko tla tber uro
many young boys growing up whoso parents
are poor and can do little for thorn nnd for this
and a variety of other roisonx have little con
trol over their children At from 11 to 16 years
of age those boys get a taste for going to shows
and places of amiisoment and un appetite for
excitement of all kinds In most cases the first
robbery committed by them offenders is for tho
purpose of getting money to go t the show
They are led on step by Bleu naIl tbeirussoola
tons constantly get worse They become pro
fessional tblevosbut not of a dangerous grade
that Is lot dangeraus In the direction of large
hauls They are tho most dangerous to life
lre
and the most apt to do violence committing
crime They are ready tu knock it wan down
to rob him ID the street or shoot one to enable
them to ohcape when dlcovercd plundering a
house Hut they are easily caught and seldom
seldm
are lone out of prison In the recent case of
the Weeks murder the cnuturo of tho mur
darer when there seemed to bo little or no
chance at llrstof such a resultshou a the weak
ness of this clasH of offenders weal
What Is there to be wild iibont tho higher
clnss thieves who cannot bo called natural
born thieves r
A great many are pertons of reputable
parentage who hare hint advantages of
avo IIt Idlltlles ex
cellent early training of general education
mud ot businessoxperloiue Ihoy full through
family troubled disappointments or discour
agements of some kino OIKO having commit
ted tho overt act that makes them thieves
their intelligence Is BUI h that their progress in
crime is very rapid It is much greater than
that of the Ignorant < pemons who perpetrate a
low mean clnss of roblorif In forger this
is particularly noticeable home of the men
who aro known lnti < rnutlonnll > IH the mel
trntorn otastounding loigirfis tire men of
good origin aol I Bplemlldl ly ediiuiteil I
htntv ito thilsvs look IIIKHI thcilr I business 1
Does I scent leujllnintr Hthem1 I
Well you cuuniit tell much about hut I
You would bnvo to I b lol liilnf or Iho among
them to get at their fduihln n mutter nlll
They speak of going to work when talking
among themselves in I mntteroffiia way It
is the same with confidence men and women of
thu town When they wt out to ensnare people
und get their they nlwais siwiik
pie money tht Ilwas of
I as going to wor 101 IMHV time n tolef starts
out to do a Jai of thloving ho kmiowa limit ho
tukon come chime of fnlllii tluit Is 1 of be
lug arrestuiI and Impriinnil In ninnycntea
tlio Job Hoinih in bo I juaclli illy without risk
and hmvnvut damvrmi I I inn be lie over 11
durtuLim ono thM lie mIlls not eipuet
ID get away with V o Jiiiili IH I lore
nialuub of his liberty I I Ibuii I I I prole ionul
tiilI Jloro ordnur oliiideis are mnh
more roiklvus III taking I ilianepit of f being
locked up One of the Him 1 things that a Inc
of professionals dons nowaday when planning
for a niece of work Is t < HUbturltx > ln eouiil
amountx what Is culled fall money Thin IB
to protect any one of the gang who may hap
pen to be rested and provide him with conn
eel nnd other noeeisarli It protecm them
Mgnliibtwiieli other nisi A common ownership I
In n lund Ilku IbU I helps In I kiepihem I 1111 her
And 1 hue > Dim iirrrntiiil Is pintii 1 t it < < I iihaliiht thu
Ue ci 01 if his j U i i Kinds ml i JII I i > M Jloiu I t
inulii Muudlukt lucy me ell pioti etui nunhiht
tint risk of hiivliiKMti 10 Ulll t tnt Im him to
hel him Ihninll nmneyIH I left l In tho hlllS
of conlldentlul friend usually nut
a cnmmiin frlnl URIly a
cOlldenll1 oornJI I
professional Hporflng ptople elL saloon
kroperu are genera Jy tliw iliilS Who ore we
lopS wel
II
enouKh acquainted with I u tblovos to bu vritij
them thonth I not of them
What are tho rewards ot successful thiev
ing 7 Do these men look forward to a time when
they can stop stealing and enjoy what they
have amassed of other puop OH wealth r
1 do not know a iKrton who huts been I pro
ffuloniil I tbiuf t nnd Imn illiii in U Iii I moi money
wi I ilxtiot iciidi in IM I tlixng thnt lit iIi
hidein MifiOn InuiiM I I Itli IMI I miitl r
luiw oiuokfil It Hint be iluinuy biivn Ciii ugh
w thpriideiKe to live on I ull his Ilu Hut he
llh I always be I rendr to put up fur the uzpenaoi
of a job out ot which hn cun got SOme proUt or
buy stolen property when it can be done with
any assurance that there is little risk Their
rod for Boner 1 iiuaUable I ltle h r are men
In this country and In Europe I moan Amor
leans in Lumps for I do not know much ol
foreign criminal matterswho have trot a pile
of money as professionals They bnv cot It
yet and as I matter of fact they have never
abandoned the mntr by which they not It Hut
they pursue their ways 8 as to greatly reduce
their chances of either going to prison or of
contributing to the enrichment of lawyers
Tholr money gives them a position among tholr
own class Thy are sought out by firstrate
crooksthe only kind they would have anything
tOdo wIth and by IIlyln expenses fnd rp
oXpn r
malnlnl In the background they can share In
tmprolt or thieving nt very Itt isk
That reminds mo Inspector V ho Is Adam
Worth who is reported as living In such great
stylo in London somewhat after the fashion
you havo Iniilcatod
Adam Worth IB one of tho class I have re
ferred to He is an American and some of his
people live In this city today Ho fled the
country on nccount of n Massachusetts bank
robbery Ho took over a large amount of
money and set up an eiegunt private establish
lent In London His home Irlnto Piccadilly
I Is frequented by tho highest class of Eng
lish criminals and of American crooks who go
In
across Ha Is reputed to have added largely to
his wealth through his shrewdness In dlsnoslng
of stolen property from tho Continent He is a
swell I tell you He lives find acts like I n gen
tleman owns a yacht nnd nil that sort of I
thing Anybody who goes over there from
hero and Is known as a good man I is sure of bo
Ing royally entertained by Adam let ur place
II 1 assume under tho surveillance of the po
lice and he U liable at any time to make a flip
that will give them a tme grab blm Ills
t no double life In the story Kid the stage ac
ceptation of such things He docs not have any
society except that of his kind With nil his
monnvand despite hIs criminal record his exile
Is raid to be n bitter dose for him He is reported
to have made many attempts and offered largo
amounts to make a compromise In the bank
case against hint BO that lie could return to
this country Criminal as he Is ho still has a
longIng leI the land or his sti lie Is
known to hove planned and had carried out
some of the most daring robberies in England
of Into years among them that of the Cover
mal train tl0
There nro n numborof men and women too i
occupying a similar position In this country
Hnuipof them possess large wealth and consid I
erable political Influence
I suppose they rely upon that firm old rock
of tradition holor uwoorthtoe8 7 said the
reporter InquIringly
They rely upon their own shrewdness and
ability to keep under In
bily cover vvas the Inspec
tars retort und ho continued Honoramong
Inc eontnled lonor
thlevo l My experience his taught me that
there U no such thing her Is not as much
real sticking together and consideration for
each others Interests as there Is In tho ordi
nary relations of lIfe business and social I
have never yet met 1 thief Ii I my lIfe t who
would not ae himself if possible from going
to State prison by betraying his associate Into
confnemont In Uie ordinary course of busi
ness there are many persons arrested
here from all walks of life There nre
men among them whoso character and
standing In tho community have been good
And I must admit that If It Is possible for them
to shield themFolres by Implicating any one
rise tony win ao u very mucti ijulckor than a
I professional thief It Is I not a moral difference
l any means and does not weaken my first
1 proposition about honor among thieves They
are all thIeves alike for the purposes of this
argument I Is simply I assume that they
can more readIly be brought to belIeve that
they will benefit thomoUes by betrajlnir
btrlyln
others The professionals different habile <
thought different education and training have
to bo considered He is cautions with the po
lice He Is schooled to It nnd even when dis
posed to try to help himself by helping them
helloJ
ho eonsidors the stop very carefully first
carruly 11t
lou I have prolu bo some experience with both
lesand I gay again that the persons who
have bad a good position In the community and
the respect and confidence of commuolyand
hnv8 proved to me time und arab that they
will hasten quicker than an ordinary thief to
protect themselves or try to at the expense of
others I have seen men of this kind In this
very room cry like children with big tears tle
tag down their cheeks begging toTe allowed
to toll about others to nave their own miserable
carcasses from the dungeon thotownmlrble
Instances 1 yes but without names an
swered the Incpectorto a tentative question
Titero wits a financial man brought Queeton
once on I matter of hypothecation In which
two were concerned Ho was a big fellow and
bIt folow
had Mood well My questions wero answered
impudently and he was of course noncommit
Rnl curse
tal I suddenly turned upon him and told him
what I thought of him in terms that were none
the choicest and then called an officer to
whom I said Lock that big loafer up In a
few hours ha was begging t have me sent for
so that ho could toll all he knew
Tho comparison Is in the case of a man ar
rested for laying down a forged check for
torled chek
10000 In Dallas Texas and whom we took on
the description of come India ink marks on his
hand Ha was Identified and certain of con
viction but it was three days before ba could
make up his mind to try and help himself by
telling something about the others In the job
When he found out that he hud to go down
South anyhow and take a chance oflong
Ind tlke long Imprisonment
lonllm
prisonment In one of those stockade jails he
cut his throat in the ferry house and died
Ab the Inspector finished this ha suddenly
seemed to recall an engagement and apolo
getically bowed the reporter out It was some
time before the latter remembered that he had
failed to find out what the Inspector was think
tag of as bo tat there apparently idle
A trusTKiirt xniKf TAKERS rEW
Uajor llnrrlean or St Lanla Talk Inter
eatlnflr or Criminal
From VIe 5 Limit elotit Dtmacnt
Thloves mean professional thieves crim
inals of the higher grade pursue their crooked
career with be t same feelings that honest men
follow their daIly vocations Tbe businessman
expects a certain percentage of losses during
ho year just lOt bo has reason to boliove that
he will moot with unexpected gains Those
losses or gains are entered up In tho profit nnd
loss account The professional thief orrrira
Inal philosophically argues to himself What
arlUII hlmsel
I gain I gain easllj und I must be prepared to
servo I portion of my years In prison If It Is
little BO much the better for mo I it t much
so much the worse for me
Mujor Lawrence Harrlgan Appraiser of tho
Tortwus the speaker For upward of a quarter
I of I century thu Major was a thief Quaror
tonal reputation and although bo has settled
down to the dull routine of a Federal office the
old fire Is I still in him and it Is not a difficult
matter to get him started on a discussion of
the subject which for too greater part of his life
has been a close study tIoireatrIlrtofbt lo
Major Hnrrlgun discusses criminals as Don
fihormun would soldlorsor Tom Allen pugilists
no does not stop to ask Why do criminals ox
tat hit ns un officer knowing they do exist
discuses thus bunt method of controlling exist
He perhaps believes that In the eternal econ
omy of things thieves are put on earth to give
detectives employment Ilve
Yes sir he resumed tho thief looks upon
his terms In jail or tke penitentiary as so much
lost in the game He t a thief and next to de
vising ways and moans to acquire without la
wihout In
bor the Property that belongs to othora his
bll
mind Is Vent on devising ways and menns to
keep out of prison Ho 13 like a man playing
at cardslie vv Ins or loses I recall an Instance
Unit Illustrates whnt I nay rcnl morning at
lt
about IS oclock nor waiting out nil night I
arrested a notorious hotel sneak As BOOH as I
put my biindH on him be knew what ho was
rl hl
wanted for There was n dead case agaInst
Mm and when I touched him on CISO shoulder
and said that tbo Captain wanted to BO him I
huvn no doubt that he
hl made up his mind to
plead guilty and get off as cheaply ns possl
mile It
1 was In winter and as we walked to
gether don Morgan street on the way to the
pollen station wo passed nn old cobbler shop
Eurlyus It Wits and I bitter cold morning
was too I well Iorulnl
fH wel remember tho old fellow wits
im legging away nt his work by candle light
Abe third glanced In at the industrious shoe
maker and then said to mi <
I have spent seven of the past twelve years
to prison and yet I have done better than yenr
thln
old fellow lie works from early morning until
ate ut night to get his bread and meat unti
then he doesnt live as well ns I do In prison
sad when I am on the outside i live on the fat
of tho land with plenty good clothes gay
companions gayer girls nad everything that t
money can buy I wouldnt trade places with
him right now and 1 know thut I am booked
fora trip trntho road bookd
lhlt thiIefspokn lila honeatsentlments > and
the untlmentH of t bin kind eeltmonts
Hoe tlm thief nut look forward to milking n
the lilg rCllorlo hlUl I ml Islwl lotlilng I I I I I front his criminal Wet I
I bey often loll each other that and tblak
Ind thllk
thnt they mean I but uses or genuine reform
or ictlnmient on n big huul Irl oluil re ihSt
they turn miido tbo Bubjoet of romance thus
we of KlHxana the Joint Vnljean of the racillo
Hlope the mal who was once a forcer and has
Ofypars been livIng California respected
millionaire Is one ease in n Hfi TH a
fact Is that all thieves rii men of appetite l
Ihey do not steal for the sale of stealing
111 want money with which to gratify their
piisbloiiH I the passion In not for women
anti It I niobt t nlwnyg nt 10 for eiinli
or drink Tlm thief t r when In I fund
luivie lies It on Ills worn cmi or Jeavmi It nt Ito I
turd tiiblv boinepf the Hhreudol mid most
HdroltthbiVHsuMjthe I t I verltmt ihlldron In tlm
orlRt Ihllr II
Imndhofa r faro denier hull u thief I who bux
often talked about squaring it us they cull
vfonnlnr does get several thousand dollars
what KIMHI does it do him 7 Women w dolarsi
cards get It in short order and he must go to
Mealing saahn These things be must Cum
He won t work for his money so he contiiues
monlY
t steal There have undoubtedly been oases
of reform and many a small town has Its hotel
Ia
or saloon keener held In esteem an an honest
man by nil who know him and rt al that man
has a history wh eh he would like t < > forget
A ul Ito oIIImor Is not much of lke r litul foret
red rmailiiiiH Tlmrn un a iaw uf r a iniin
In n m hi linl who shut iurvul I tin in I 1111
Jastern peiilnintliiry liu CM me to bt Louis
Clf t
mid buttled down to leaking an honest living
aklol on bonl8t Ivlnl
atahoemuklng Ho
eloemukloR was industrious and torn
perate and did wall and ut the end of twenty
years he was the owner of a lire niece of MOD
arty at the corner of Ninth tf Morgan prop
This ho old for tUOOO cash ad nmored t
Qnlnoy III where ho went Into tho hotel bust
ness Whether he had to much money ono
I dont know but ho Rot to dlMlpatinK One
time I was on tbo Grand Jury It WAS uibOUt
throe yearn after ho loft hero and mi a tour of
inspection of the Jail I found him The recog
nition was mutual Ho said
lor lads sake dOIt recollw mo
Oossako
Inquired and found thlt bo was awaItIng
trial for rounterfeltlng nlekois Ho w as after
ward convicted 1 have seen BO much of thieves
that I nm prepared to say that oncon thlof
always a thief may bo set down us a rule
alwRIsa pooplo lire very honorable In their
dcnllnzs with ouch other aro they not
lou mcnn honor nmongthlavoa l Thor
Is no Biieh thing luuonl make 1 virtue of
i5cosiIty They are known to ech oilIer allover
over the land ar Ant tliol knows tblt I ho
should sQuoll or botriiy a broihuettlljof ho
would nt once bo a marked msn and hut Ito
entire fraternity would make It the r business
fratrul I
to BOO him BOttledor In other words convict
ed for some ono of his own crimes antI that
right speedily A great deal of sentimental ad
miration In VMisted over these men who honor
ably refuse to betray tholr pompanloiiB
Thieves are like any other olnss of men They
havo their frlondsblpB A man would go to ex
tremes to help his pal out of trouble while ns
for another thief In whom ho had no personal
interest ho would Bay Ho got Into that trouble
himself lot him got out himself
Outside of their propensity to steal thieves
are like any other class of men They can bo
grateful for favors Away hack In IHi2 I wns
visiting the workhouse with the Mayor and
thor 1 met n young hotel snenk thief nnmud
Walter Howard Ho was muite iii nnd believed
that he Howard Ho begged mo to got him
out and I spoko to tho ifayor who released
him At that time 1 was Hergcimt of 1ollee
nnd walked a lovoo nrctlneL Every night nt
IOU oclock I walked up Cherry street from
Second to Fourth street alone One night this
little thief Walter Howard cnnia to me and
10
told mo thnt three doapornto characters whom
I b1 I onoo pent to the workhouse hind planned
t kill mo that night linn veru lying in wait
for mo In the alloy buck of the old bruvvory 1
Questioned Howard closely and wax satisfied
that he was telling the truth I called ono of tho I
toughest officers I luaU to my assistance Vtn
went UD to tho alley nnd them wore the three
lads crouching in thus dark waiting for UIO to
come along alono vVn untied In on thorn with
our clubs nail beat them pretty badly 1 When
they were well enough they weT Bent down to
tho workhoiiMi again I bad a chiincn after
ward to repay Howard for his timely warning
A thief named llson who wits under sentence
of death for the murder of bergeant U11 more
confessed to me that Howard who was In the
penitentiary serving a twelveyear sentence for
the robbery of Col Blood who was quite n
character her In thowi data was innocent ns
ho Wilson had done thin work himself I car
ried th n before dov Hall who Issued I
lal
pardon Whon Howard came out I bud a little
hul Htte
talk with him I said
Walter you are 1 natural born thief and
will never bo anything else I
I know Itsaid he
Will you do mo a favor r naked
I AnythIng tho world for you Mr lIar
rlean except nromlso you that 1 will never
steal again said ho
Promise me then on your word and honor
as a man that you will keep away from St
Louis as long as I am on the police force
He promised and kept his word He died n I
few years Inter In Jollot Io llod
But coming back to thieves and thin money
they make you may put It down as a rule
that no mater how successful they are they
either din In the penitentiary or tbo poor
house All this Bluff about tbluves leuding a
double life one of crime and tho other in good
society or theIr wives supposing that they mire
SUOI081DI Iro
engaged In reputable busluoss is good mate
rial for novels and plays like Jim the len
man but there nre no such cases The pro
fessional thief does not aspire to any such
RIY
life His origin is always low He commenc
ed stealing wnon a boy mind his education
duclton
was perfected in the house ot refuge
jail workhouse and penitentiary Up to
the time that hols sent to the penItentiary ho
is apt to bo desperata and reckless und under
takes jobs that un older hand would hesitate
about engaging In When ho comes out he Is
more cautious He comes from tho slums and
is bravo and snrowd just as tho women from
his own class are often of surpassing beauty
and seeming refinement beautiful green and
golden flies born in tho muckheap Men of
position vary rarely sink to a life of crlmo
l they do they become forgers and swindlers
but in nine cases out of ten even this class
of criminals have worked their way up to their
exalted position in tho fraternity I
An allround crook is rarely found Thieves
are given to cultivating specialties Ono man
robs hotels another sneaks blinks another is
given to burglary of wholesale dry goods or
fur houses another makes house burglary his
I
particular business another will make daring
dashes upon jewelry stores and another will
cultivate the art of picking pockets Those I
fellows that lump on a man nnd boat hll
nearly to death on tho chance that ho may
have something of value nbout him are mnl
classed as professional criminals 1hey are
thugs aud of the sauna class who burglarize
barrooms and grocery stores nnd kill any one
who detects them The professional thief takes
a pride In his Th8prroslonal I
But how do they live queried tho reporter
Every largo city In tbo country roprtor
headquarters for thieves Time word Is passed
nrouid If a man Is given hours to leave Ht
Louis and ho starts for Chicago the officers
know exactly whore to locate him there
The hangup as they call It Is generally n
saloon perhaps a fashionable resort on a
popular thoroughfare Here they got their
mall and moot and talk over thoir business
Every town has Its ono fence Rometimos
more The fence Is the man who nets ns
quartermaster lor inievos web are in Hiding
and also attends to the secretion and ultimate
disposal stolen goods A Now lork thief on
his way West notifies his immediate friends
through whom be tan be reached In Chicago
Cincinnati Bu Louis and Kansas City Should
ho get in trouble in any of these towns his
friends communicate with the fence and
have done what cnn be done Every crook en
deavors to keep nt least ono town in the coun
try open He must have a place in which to
spend his money ami to secure It be for in
stance promises to do nothing wrong In Bt
Louis and BO long as ho keeps his word he Is
allowed to walk tho streets and spend his mon
ey with his associates male and female
New York Is of course the headquarters ot
all thieves of the upper class There mire u i
dozen quiet little places where the beer is good
where they congregate und plan their lltte ax
cnrslons Into the country One cnn almost im
agine a gang of burglars sitting down nnd
mapping out n route just like the manager of
a snow that Is to make ono and two night I
stands A great deal of nonsonso has been
written nbout tbelvos having grips tumid pass
words and a language of their own Then just
naturally drift together and instinctively know
sash otiler Their Masonry IB Involuntary
They talk hmop when together jiiht us u lot
of printers or telegraph operators or shoe
makers do They exchange information as to
fences and hangouts nnd then when land
lug In n strange city they know whore to go to
meet their own kind
Wandrrlal LUhtilnc flus
1leei the CTirtlllan at Work
The light of the fireflies of tropical Amer
Ion seems to be dependent upon the will IIH
when feeding or asleep It Is not seen attaining
Its greatest brilliancy during activity hail
nicht Tho color of tile light Is n rich green
but the eggs emit n light of n bluish tint un
cording to JJubols Tills naturalist ban miido
extremely interesting experiments with the
rpphorus The eggs bleb ho dried rotnlned
heir luminosity for u week the light reappear
ing when theyworo placed In witor Ho ground
the luminous organs In a mortar nftor having
dried them in vacuum and then mixed them
In boiled water the latter Immediately becom
ing luminous
Dr Dubois concluded that tho light of the
pyrophqrus Is Intended us Iliuminatlomu for itself
close To prove this he covered one of the
Jipper lights with wax and the anImal moved
naourvo when both Hpots Vera covered tho
beetle goon stopped and then moved in nn un
certain manner carefully feeling time round
with his nntnniK Thin spectrum of hue light
was extremely beautiful being continuous
without dark or brilliant rays
Indigestion
Is not only a distressing complaint of Itself
but the parent of many others of a much
mure serious character It Interferes with
nutrition InipoviTlshfs the blond und
weakens every function of lie body No
mure effective remedy for Indigestion ran
be procured hail Ayers Win ibej give
permanent relief by restoring to the nsiiml
latlve organs their normal power vitality
and action
Ifrnry 0 Ifemmenway Itockport Mas tayii
Ayer1 mil have benented me wonrifrfully
for month I suffered from Indlurition and
hetdtcht was reitlen at nlclil uuii laid a bitt
tilts In my muutli every morning After > taking
ono tax of Ayer JhIls eli Iliiti tnublei
Disappeared
my foul illrritrd well mnt toy ilctp w regular
slid refrrihlng >
A A > oit nholme Vllo N Y wrlteit
VThentier I kin troubled with Incilgeitlon I
< ke one or two dosct mit Ajeri Illlt suid am
promptly relieved
I have Bled Ayer Pills for the pa > t 90 yean
and am atUBed I tbould not have been alive
today If It had not been for them They cured
me of dyipeptla when all other remcdln filled
T P Conner Chester Ia
Iloland L Urkln Harlem NY cerllBet
For a long lIeu I man nvltlpi M Indi wlluu
mis inca illatluiM anti lie i urn I uiii t i
Ayers
JNIU one montk and m completely cured
Prepared bjDrJ 0 Jijtt fc C Lowell Uses
CITY ISLANDS BIG GHOST
IT iiorns Atoxa HITIIOUT
T1IK flWUYA
omtlltnra White nad Sometime ntaeki >
Look IIke a Woroaa bit liae N0 r
If It llornt Look Out U Will let
City iBlmiil In winter h n dcsolnto spot
The Sound nbout It Is i froon Inches thick Rnj
the fishing smack lint nicks the summf
harbor a gay scene are fast and helpless CgU
winds swoop across lie flat waste The snow
lies unshovoiled on the sidewalks and half th
houeoH arc empty About three months OBJ
Mips Allle Bturgls rosy cheated mid H or
thereabout who nerves customers with fresh
rolls on tho counter of Welx rs bakery
was
much frightened by a spectral npparitloa lat
at night which rapidly approached hri uvcr
an
adjoining Hold This ghost although It wai
described by Miss Hturgls as n little ons M
much talked about but now It liami ghen ilmie
to another a sixfooter
Thin present ghost did not appear until the
between tho and Hurt
bay ton Island w nsj
firm nnd solid sheet of ice A vuek nto last
Wednesday night It was soeu 111 it A jolly
crowd hud boon sledding on the only hm i n
town behind the Tost Offlcu lll Darling
wns returning late from the sledding tarty
uhnn tin I saw IL Hlirbt that made huts mnni >
cold It wiis on Mala street but tug strwt
was deserted and dark Whit It was ho never
told except limit It was while and lull and
rolled along ubovo tho ground never otmlnz
to touch It Ho ran and did not Bee thetlilr > S
nguln Hut that callus night It was slut alter
ward It uppetired to llllnm Applibiuuli a
telegraph operator In the Hlgnal Bcrvlco flies
and cither pushed him or frightened him K >
that ho ell In n snow drift on the uoai Ide
Applobauch nuver boomed certain whothirbs
felt from is puxli or because tho i n utur
frightened him lie town folks suty Still lavr
Hint Biimo night Will Iaytontliu son of 11 hard
ware merchant In town caught Mght of ntall
grayish white something the Mreot olposlie
LIvlnusss Hotel It Reamed to moe nlonc
about three feet from the ground but what its
form nnd apiiearunce was ho never toMbg
cause he never knew He BIJH lhonlglit nt
dark and ho rim after the first glance
On Thursday night Stephen Collins MU a
strange night lii Prospect nvontie opooslto tlm
Vail property He could not describe the ui
penruneoexcept to saY that It was whltn nnj
tall and motionless His homo tuna mirby
and ln quickly cot Indoors and did not ten
tore out until morning Ho told tlio story nt
day and on top of thin vIcIous burn by tlm
others created much talk Cullins told theta
It did not stand upon the gloumhil It sconiuj
Biispended several feet In tio air That unt
all no hail time to notice On llmst I Irldm iimla
more fuel wus added to thu pnnuhii lliim >
Eugene llailotwaa comIng humiluto ut nljlit
and a dismally dark nIght It wt i Iticht oppo
site Flynns ice house at thu 1 orbs ho hair
the enino white apparition It WH u cood hilt
mile from home but Hallett htirtcd nt u hum
dredyard pace Ho said ncm nmrnlni hat
the whito being followed him rolllni alone
over the ground without Bvuiiilni to touch It
and making not tho Bllehte sotiuud Ho told
his townfolks thnt It seemed whllo nnd till but
as for other particulars he had no word to say
The last tlmi he spectra ndHioun3un
Sunday nlcht Whether It was thu sumo host
though Is 11 question for this ghit that Iae
Llvlness saw was blacker even than the night
on which ho saw it Ho told a buv reporter
that bo was never BO completely tcarrd In hU
life Ho was passing Von Llelins Hotel more
than half a mllo from home and on the bay
side by the bridge He wan not thinking of
Blunts at all when he suddenly noticed coal
thing mill and black and Btranuo on the batli
ine pavilion It was six feet tail nt the verr
least and looked like a womans form oxccut
that ho could BOO no face He stopped and
the thing moved toward him It Keeined sus
pended In tho air Ho coula seethe glint of tlm
water In hue dim Btarllcnt under the spectre
He was rooted to the spot In terror for n mo
ment but as the thing approached he bald ha
gained strength and ran as never bo run be
fore Ho looked around and saw it follonlne
and finally when he reached his homo he was
completely exhausted
1 in coins down that way tonight cab
ho to thin reporter mint Im golnir to earn i
revolver If shes Ia > In for me Ill give her 1
shot I dont want to kill anybody but UIIUMI
ghost No IIIo person could travel in thnnlr1
When the reporter linked Justice of the Pence
Martin what ho thought of the scare ho said
On theres some ground for It of course I
suppose some one is masiiii nu1lnp around
here Bearing folks If it continue Im going
to cot ilotnctiveH out and sift the thing to the
bottom It wont do to have women nnd chill
dren scared out of their wits Lverybody In
town Is talking about the thing ami u good
many superstitious people believe It i
Druggist He > nold3 expresses the utmost In
credulity but says ho notices that thu girls
don t go out alone nights any mole and the
boys have their hands full escorting tluui Mr
Geore Adams siiia ho dont believe in ghosts
worth a cent but that thoto who linvo been
visited are undoubtedly serious In their
fright He does not nuggest un explanation
but he does not think it entirely n hoax The
man who runs the combination shoe shop nml
carpenter shop opposite Iteynoldss drug store
says that Dayton was undoubtedly very much
scared Other persons to whom the reporter
talked varied between Incredulity and frIght
HE TOTED A VUKTTY 1ISaiAKEH
A Janiie Farmer Who Won IJccnutc b
Wouldnt Take No for na Anssvcr
SHELTON Co tin Feb 11 Among tlio many
pretty girls who assist In making pins in ths
HOTVO pin factory In this vllhuo was Mlsa Carda
F flames One day eovoral years ago Miss
Dairies In a spirit of mischief joined with otllr
girls In writing their names nnd address thus
papers upon which pins are Btuek borne Fix
months after Miss Dalnos riculvod n letter
from a farmer In Knnsis lie Hiked Mut
flames to correspond with him Mlis Daltrt
flatly refused Mm was HKUM > 1 with her lot
There were plenty of young nnii In lioi clr < lent
society and when her time i lino if over ltdld
she would marry some ono she kuov hut Mr
Iillsbury possessd thin grin of mo t VHS n n
men nnd soon after her nil u nltoo en c r
rnspotidonco Mr 1lllsbury nr > iii i m 151
ton Ho brought with lUnicio eIutial4 Its t0 his
respectabilIty arid staudinc ought an Intro
duction to Ml5 ljuiinos mini itni n i luiefoini
chip he asked her to ninrn bin Ml <
Ii soil the oung man but nlio u i s not in I I 11 i
with him and so refused the gel uiler tin
Kansas farmer made her
Disheartened Mr IlllHbury vent homo In
a few months he met another Connei luui tin
and finally married her The rim um rring MI i
happy ono but after a few mnthis tlielnih t
died and Mr Iillsbiiry was imuo iloteimlnrl
than over to get luis llrnt love the trill I u ihI I
ton plnmnkor He wrote to her iiciln lelliiu
her of his loss and iisktd Hoi tu corns
with him She tigain refused but tier irMiil m
was worded In so inpnthetie n manner tint
lu < ticcnmo more tlmn 1 ever ml In ennlned
H I I mi urciirdlngly cnmn to Hhinn 1110 Iii nnd
nothing daunted began n must pcf < lst cult wip
ing At llwt ho met I with no encourmoiii > iit
bin hl 114 earnestness iunil devotion hictiiitothnff I
out tlm t hrnrt of tho Yunkt I if iindaUrra
time Mr Illlsbiirys pluck won hi r consent
A few minis ago the lliv J i Hltmar pas
tor of thHaptlit Clmrrh united the u periltnnt
Illlabury to bin sweetheart and the lists
gozue to theIr fur Wobtorn homne
fbnvcc to Think It Over
Sho after mi offer You pny me tho greatest I
compliment a viinuii can iutsr Ur I yiim < lriuice but
I niu > tiilli > > nuarcfiital
lie iln iho rial ntnto line Hfcrlyllor how loot
until luiuorrow nlgli I
Constipation
In moil cases Is occasioned by neglect and
its rule Is generally sought for In the me < if
vloltnt purCitives These vvrAkui tie
beads no limit they are less able tu perform
their pinper functions and Chronic Constl I
pittnn or some disease mure d ucrou h
the result 1or any weaKniss or dtrmgo
mrnt uf the heads the sufmt t and moat
effective remedy is Ajrra ralliarllc Tills
They are pleasant tu lake prompt In action
mild tn effect and iri > wa beneficial
W If btrout Mmdvllle jum wrlteit I was
troubled with riimtlilUiii fur yrari A few
boxei of Air IilU rioturril Ins lo lieilh I
haTu alnayi cacti lltia iruntrcd I tneclUeln
their aitloii
AI lorilor Hiiijlln it Millie Ala i > j <
Fir leventl i irn I 1 wn nil lul 1 wlli i uiihtl
laden suit hfxcUolir After lrr < nK s lumbernf
aocalleil liver liitlgnrulirii wuiIit timtut 1
was al last cured liy luiuf A yrrt IIIU
IiirlliRllifpiitt tsm yejrn I wss great jut
ferer from roii < tl < tlon licuiUi lie and general
debility My > klu nit yrllxo lint I bad a con
slant laIn i In my side and 1 t4ck nlitr medicIne
falling I link Iline isxrl l of Ayers Itlli and
am curert Flerbert Flrll hast Saginaw tlciu
tcv Kraiirln 11 fUrloxi Atlanta Ua certl
TM lor everji l ycarl I ih mbject in eon
Iliutlon from wliUli I suttired jiirrediliiK
liicnnirnlenre In huh t U i l iou nf f wrluu
iniilliliio Alia I I tIll nUUHAcj
Pills
and tby lice eomM < 4 the em tire habit
Bold by all Drutesist amid Dealers la Uealda

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Search America's historic newspaper pages from 1789-1963 or use the U.S. Newspaper Directory to find information about American newspapers published between 1690-present. Chronicling America is sponsored jointly by the National Endowment for the Humanities external link and the Library of Congress.

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New York's sidewalks were lined with unharnessed trucks, beneath and between which dirty citizens threw their filth.

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As the largest city, New York contained 287 foundries and machine shops as well as a printing industry powered by 125 steam engines, bone mills, refineries, and tanneries.

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In the 1890s, industrial workers worked on average 60 hours/week , and they were paid on average $.10/hour

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In 1865, there were 35,000 miles of railroad track. This number increased to 242,000 by 1900.