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4

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                                           Sources

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                                           Sources

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Lev Vygotsky. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Lev_Vygotsky

McAllum, R. (2014). Reciprocal Teaching: Critical Reflection on Practice. KAIRARANGA, 15(1), 26-35. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1040126.pdf.

Santrock, J. W. (2013). Children(12th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Silver, Debbie (2011). Using the “Zone” to Help Reach Every Learner. Kappa Delta Pi Record, Fall, pp. 28-31.

Verenikina, Irina (2008). Scaffolding and learning: its role in nurturing new learners. In Kell, P, Vialle, W, Konza, D and Vogl, G, Learning and the Learner: Exploring Learning for New Times, pp. 161-180. Retrieved from https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1043&context=edupapers

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²Cooperative learning strategy

Consists of collaboration and teamwork

Students provide instructional support for each other

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Summarizing

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Clarifying

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Questioning

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Predicting

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2 Four main strategies:

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This instructional method was influenced by Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development.

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c) be followed by evidence of the learners having achieved some greater level of independent competence as a result of the scaffolding experience

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b) be intended to bring the learner to a state of competence which will enable them eventually to complete such a task on their own;

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a) enable the learners to carry out the task which they would not have been able to manage on their own;

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5 To qualify as scaffolding, a teaching and learning event should:

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Vygotsky didn't personally used this term, but others have associated this "stepping stones" technique with his work.

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Russian developmental psychologist

Studied at the University of Moscow

Known as the "Mozart of psychology"¹

Believed that culture and social interaction are what guide cognitive development³