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BASIC PRINCIPLE OF MAGNET

1. north and south

North - masuk

south - keluar

2. ferromagnetic

- cobalt

- steel

- iron

non ferromagnetic

- water

- wood

- copper

3. iron bar

4. same pole - menolak (repel)

different pole - menarik (attract)

5. untuk kegunaan generator

6. straight wire - perpendicular field

selenoid - lemah

7.     flux (φ) = µ0 NIA / l

8.  flux density ( Β= flux (φ) / A )

- bilangan magnetic line of flux  yang melalui point

flux intensity ( Β= µH )

9. faraday's law

- emf akan terhasil jika  ada conductor yang memotong magnetic flux.

10. lenz law

- direction (polarity)

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(A14PP3107) - new answer

1)  Any magnetic material has two poles. Name the poles and the direction of flux coming in and out of the pole.

There are two poles of magnet which is:
i.            North - (IN)

ii.            South - (OUT)

2). Ferromagnetic materials are materials that can be magnetized. Give at least three examples of ferromagnetic materials and three non-ferromagnetic materials.

a.   Ferromagnetic materials

-          Cobalt

-          Iron

-          Steel

b.    Non Ferromagnetic material

-          Water

-          Wood

-          Silver

3)  What is a magnetic and non-magnetic molecule?

i.   Magnetic
- These materials have their moments coordinated such that they point in the same direction. Therefore, they produce strong magnetic fields.

ii.   Non-magnetic
-  Such substances have little reaction to magnetic fields. They may be composed of molecules where electrons spinning one way are always balanced by electrons spinning the other or their spins may simply interact only weakly.

4) What are magnetic flux and its behaviour?

Magnetic flux:

-    A measure of the strength of a magnetic field over a given area perpendicular to it equal to the product of the area and the magnetic flux density through it. The number of magnetic lines of forces set up in a magnetic circuit. Its SI unit is Weber (Wb)

Behaviour:

-     Same pole of magnet will repel. Other than that, for different pole magnet will attract. It can be summarize by this (N+N= repel, S+N = attract)

-     They always form a closed loop. They always start from the North Pole and ends in the South Pole. They never intersect each other. Magnetic lines of forces that are parallel to each other and are in the same direction repel each other.

5)  What is the use of right-hand grip rule?

-   It is used to show the rotation of a body or a magnetic field and represents the connection between the current and magnetic field around the wire.According to the Fleming's right hand rule, the thumb, fore finger and middle finger of the right hand are stretched to be perpendicular to each other. The thumb represents the direction of the movement of conductor, fore-finger represents direction of the magnetic field, and then the middle finger represents direction of the induced current.

6)  What is the different of magnetic flux produced by straight wire and coil /solenoid?

-    The different of straight wire and coil/solenoid is straight wires create a field that are basically circular, centred on the wire. A solenoid is just another name for a coil and a long, straight coil of wire is called a solenoid and can be used to generate a nearly uniform magnetic field similar to that of a bar magnet.

7)   How can you relate a magnetic flux with coil properties e.g. permeability, number of turn, currents flow inside the coil, cross section area of coil, and the length of the coil?

-     Its relate in a formula:
F = BA = mrmoHA = mrmoANI/l = NI/Â

8)   What is flux density? What is flux intensity? Can you differentiate between this two?

i.   Flux Density
- The flux density (B) is the number of magnetic lines of flux that pass through a certain point on a surface. The SI unit is T (tesla), which is Weber per square metre (Wb/m2), F = NI

ii.   Flux Intensity
-  The magnetic field intensity (H) is the magnetic field of an electrically charged current. The magnetic field intensity is operationally defined and measured by a long coil whose own field intensity exactly equalizes the field being measured,

H = NI/l (l = path length in meters)

9) What are Faraday’s law and Lenz law?

i.  Faraday’s Law
- Any change in the magnetic environment of a coil of wire will cause a voltage (emf) to be "induced" in the coil. No matter how the change is produced, the voltage will be generated. The change could be produced by changing the magnetic field strength, moving a magnet toward or away from the coil, moving the coil into or out of the magnetic field, rotating the coil relative to the magnet.

ii.   Lenz Law
-  Lenz’s law of electromagnetic induction states that, when an emf is induced according to Faraday's law, the polarity (direction) of that induced emf is such that it opposes the cause of its production. Thus, considering Lenz's law   E = -N (dΦ/dt) (volts). The negative sign shows that, the direction of the induced emf and the direction of change in magnetic fields have opposite signs.

10)  What are self inductance and mutual inductance?

i.   Self Inductance
-  The phenomenon in which a change in electric current in a circuit produces an induced electro-motive-force in the same circuit.

ii.   Mutual Inductance
- Mutual induction is defined as the property of the coils that enables it to oppose the changes in the current in another coil. With a change in the current of one coil, the flow changes too thus inducing EMF in the other coil. This phenomenon is known as mutual induction.

# data[].attributes.headline
NOURUL NAZRAZAN BT KAMARUZAMAN A14PP3072

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NOURUL NAZRAZAN BT KAMARUZAMAN A14PP3072

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A14PP3009

8)Magnetic Flux Density,B
Number of magnetic line flux that across through certain point of surface.
(B)= flux Φ / A (cross section area of coil)

FLUX INTENSITY
( Β= µH )
The magnetic field intensity (H) is the magnetic field of an electrically charged current. The magnetic field intensity is operationally defined and measured by a long coil whose own field intensity exactly equalizes the field being measured.

9) FARADAY'S LAW
( E= dt/dΦ)

The rate of change of magnetic flux through a loop to the magnitude of the electromotive force (EMF) induced in the loop.

First Law
A) Whenever the magnetic flux linked with a coil changes, an emf (voltage) is always induced in it.
B) Whenever a conductor cuts magnetic flux, an emf (voltage) is induced in that conductor.

Second Law
The magnitude of the induced emf (voltage) is equal to the rate of change of flux-linkages.

( E= dt/dΦ)

LENZ'S LAW
Determine the direction that current will flow. It states that the direction is always such that it will oppose the change in flux which produced it. This means that any magnetic field produced by an induced current will be in the opposite direction to the change in the original field.

10) SELF INDUCTANCE
EMF which induced in transformer primary winding is known as self induction emf as the emf is induced due to to flux which produced by the winding itself.

MUTUAL INDUCTANCE
EMF which induced in transformer secondary winding is known as mutual induction emf as the emf is induced due to to flux which produced by the other winding.

# data[].attributes.headline
NURUL ATHIRAH BINTI ABDUL AZIZ (A14PP3100)

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NURUL ATHIRAH BINTI ABDUL AZIZ (A14PP3100)

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1.     Direction of Flux & poles

·         In ( North )

·         Out ( South)

2.     Ferromagnetic :

·         Iron , Steel , Cobalt

Non-magnetic :

·         Plastic, water, copper

3.     Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Substances.

·         Magnetic substances is the substances which are strongly attracted by magnets are called magnetic substances. For example, iron, cobalt, nickel and their alloys are magnetic substances. The substances which are not attracted by a magnet are called non-magnetic substances.

4.     Magnetic Flux and its behavior :

·         is a measurable quantity of a magnetic field over a given area. Flux lines are often used to depict the direction of flux as it flows from the north to the south pole of a magnet. The greater number of these flux lines the greater the density of the flux and ultimately, the greater the magnetic force.

5.     Hand Grip Rule :

·         To determine the relationship of current (thumb) and magnetic filed (finger curl).  This rule is used in two complementary applications of Amperes circuital law which are; when an electric current is passed through a solenoid, a magnetic field is created.

6.     Different of magnetic flux produced by straight wire and coil :

·         Straight wire : Magnetic field is perpendicular to the wire. Create a field that are basically circular, centered on the wire. Also do not produce more magnetic field compare to coil of a wire.

·         Coil : Coil has many number of loops of wire and each loop of wire behave as a magnet. Each loop of wire is like a little magnet that has its own magnetic field , all loops together produce a strong magnetic field.

7.     Magnetic Flux with coil :

·         flux (φ) = µ0 NIA / l (through formula)

8.     Flux Density and Flux Intensity

·         Flux Density : ( Β= flux (φ) / A )  - Number of magnetic line flux that across through certain point of surface.

·         Flux Intensity : ( Β= µH ) - The magnetic field intensity (H) is the magnetic field of an electrically charged current. The magnetic field intensity is operationally defined and measured by a long coil whose own field intensity exactly equalizes the field being measured.

9.     Faraday’s Law and Lenz Law

·         Faraday’s Law : ( E= dt/dΦ)

-      The rate of change of magnetic flux through a loop to the magnitude of the electromotive force (EMF) induced in the loop.

-      First Law

* Whenever the magnetic flux linked with a coil changes, an emf (voltage) is always induced in it.

* Whenever a conductor cuts magnetic flux, an emf (voltage) is induced in that conductor.

-      Second Law

*The magnitude of the induced emf (voltage) is equal to the rate of change of flux-linkages.  ( E= dt/dΦ)

·         Len’z Law - Determine the direction that current will flow. It states that the direction is always such that it will oppose the change in flux which produced it. This means that any magnetic field produced by an induced current will be in the opposite direction to the change in the original field.

10.   Self Inductance and Mutual Inductance :

·         Self Inductance : EMF which induced in transformer primary winding is known as self induction emf as the emf is induced due to to flux which produced by the winding itself.

·         Mutual Inductance : EMF which induced in transformer secondary winding is known as mutual induction emf as the emf is induced due to to flux which produced by the other winding.

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Chen Jin Xian
A14PP3009

1.north and South Pole,flux move from north to South Pole

2.ferromagnetic material
-iron,cobalt,steel
Non-ferromagnetic material
-plastic,wood,glass

3.magnetic molecules
-the molecule direction in the material will Aline with the domain when magnetise

Non-magnetic molecules is the the molecule will not a-line with the domain molecule but will point to random direction

4.magnetic flux is the measurable quantity of  magnetic field in an area that it panetrates, the behaviour of magnet is that the flux line it generate that move from North Pole to South Pole and when react with north with north it will repell Ashe with South with South pole

5.the right hand grip rules say that the direction flow of carrent  and direction of magnetic flux flow for example look at our thumb from top mean that the current flow to the top and the direction of magnetic flux flow in form of anti-clockwise

6.the magnetic flux at straight wire will always move anti-clockwise is current move to top or vice versa but for coil the magnetic flux will move Along of the coil and form a loop the starting of coil till end

7.magnetic flux ( Φ) is the combinations of permeability μ (Greek mu) x number of turn in coil (N) x current flow inside coil (I) x cross section  area of coil divide (A) / by the length of coil (L)

8.Magnetic Flux Density (B)= flux Φ / A (cross section area of coil)

Magnetic flux intensity

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1.       Poles & Direction

- Dua kutub – Utara dan selatan

- Pergerakan flux adalah dari utara(out) ke selatan(in)

2.       Ferromagnetic materials

·         Steel

·         Nickel

·         Iron

Non ferromagnetic

·         Copper

·         Wood

·         silver

3. Magnetic molecules
Produce strong magnetic fields due to the coordinate of point in the same direction and strongly attracted to magnet.

Non magnetic molecules
Have little reaction to magnetic fields due to the electron spinning one way and not attracted to magnet.

4.   Magnetic flux
Flux keluar dari kutub utara dan bergerak ke kutub selatan pada magnet.

Garis magnetik (flux) dianggap bergerak secara berterusan sebagai satu gelung(loops).

Magnetic flux juga sama seperti magnetic poles, dimana ia menolak kutub yang sama.

5. The right-hand grip rule is used to determine the relationship between the current and the magnetic field based upon the rotational direction.

6.
Straight wires - create a field that are basically circular, centered on the wire.
coil - the same current pass twice or more in close proximity.

7. Magnetic Flux,  ɸ = µ₀NIA/l

8.
-   Flux density (B)
Β =  ɸ /A
(flux divided by the cross
sectional area)
or  Β= µH

-   Flux Intensity (H)
from flux density  Β= µH  we can calculate flux intensity
H = B/µ

9. Faraday`s First Law: When the magnetic flux linking with the coil changes, an e.m.f. is induced in the coil.
Faraday`s Second Law: The magnitude of induced e.m.f. is the rate of change of flux linkage in it.

Lenz Laws
States that the direction of the current induced in a conductor by a changing magnetic field is such that the magnetic field created by the induced current opposes the initial changing magnetic field.

10 )
Self inductance
L =  µN ² A/l

Mutual inductance
M = µN ₂ N ₁(A/l)

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NITHIYAA PARAMANANTHAN

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CONTINUE PREVIOUS ANSWER

8)What is flux density? What is flux intensity? can you differentiate between this two?

ANSWER :

- Flux Density = The number of magnetic lines of flux that pass through a certain point on a surface

- Β = φ/A     Wb/m^2

- Flux Intensity = The magnetomotive force per unit length

- H = NI/l    At/m

(9) What are faraday's law and lenz law?

ANSWER :

FARADAY’S LAW

- states that the absolute value or magnitude of the circulation of the electric field E around a closed loop is equal to the rate of change of the magnetic flux through the area enclosed by the loop

LENZ LAW

-States that the direction of the current induced in a conductor by a changing magnetic field is such that the magnetic field created by the induced current opposes the initial changing magnetic field.

(10) What are self inductance and mutual inductance?

ANSWER :

Self inductance

- Induction that occur when only a single device is present, it changing current through the device and create a changing magnetic field

Mutual Inductance

- A circuit (the primary) employs a changing current to create a magnetic field

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CONTINUE PREVIOUS ANSWER

4) What is magnetic flux and its behavior?

ANSWER :

- Magnetic flux is the product of the average magnetic field times the perpendicular area that it penetrates. It is a quantity of convenience in the statement of Faraday's Law and in the discussion of objects like transformers and solenoids. In the case of an electric generator where the magnetic field penetrates a rotating coil, the area used in defining the flux is the projection of the coil area onto the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. Since the SI unit for magnetic field is the Tesla, the unit for magnetic flux would by Tesla m2. This unit combination has the historical name Weber (Wb).
Φ = BA

5) What is the use of right-hand grip rule?

ANSWER :

- The right hand grip rule is a convention derived from the right-hand rule convention for vectors. When applying the rule to current in a straight wire for example, the direction of the magnetic field (counterclockwise instead of clockwise when viewed from the tip of the thumb) is a result of this convention and not an underlying physical phenomenon.

6)What is the different of magnetic flux produced by straight wire and coil/solenoid?

ANSWER :

- Loops and bar magnets have more complicated shapes but still form field lines that are closed curves.

7)How can you relate a magnetic flux with coil properties e.g. permeability, number of turn, currents flow inside the coil, cross section area of coil, and the length of the coil?

ANSWER :

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CONTINUE FROM PREVIOUS POST BY SUHAILA...

7.  Magnetic flux, ɸ = µ₀NIA/l

8. Flux density , Β= flux (φ) / A  - no. of magnetic lines of flux pass through certain point on surface.

Flux intensity , H = F / l  - mmf or magnetic field intensity is the magnetomotive force per length. SI unit is At / m .

9. Faraday's Law (emf) - whenever a conductor cuts magnetic flux, emf induced in that conductor.

Lenz's Law (same as Newton's Law) - force yang bertindak ke atas sesuatu akan beri force yang sama secara bertentangan.

10. Self inductance -  L =  µN²A/l

Mutual inductance -
M = µN₂N₁(A/l)

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1. A) NORTH (IN)
B) SOUTH (OUT)

2. FERROMAGNETIC
A) IRON
B) STEEL
C) COBALT

NON FERROMAGNETIC

A) PLASTIC
B) WATER
C) COPPER

3.  MAGNETIC MOLECULES
Produce strong magnetic fields due to the coordinate of point in the same direction. Also strongly attracted to magnet.

NON MAGNETIC MOLECULES
Have little reaction to magnetic fields due to the electron spinning one way. Also not attracted to magnet.

4. MAGNETIC FLUX
Flux will leave from North pole and enter South pole.
A) Same pole will repel
(NORTH-NORTH, SOUTH-SOUTH)
B) Different pole will attract
(NORTH-SOUTH)

5) RIGHT HAND GRIP RULE
To determine the relationship of current (thumb) and magnetic filed (finger curl).  This rule is used in two complementary applications of Amperes circuital law which are; when an electric current is passed through a solenoid, a magnetic field is created.

6) STRAIGHT WIRE
Magnetic field is perpendicular to the wire. Create a field that are basically circular, centered on the wire. Also do not produce more magnetic field compare to coil of a wire.

COIL/SOLENOID
Coil has many number of loops of wire and each loop of wire behave as a magnet. Each loop of wire is like a little magnet that has its own magnetic field , all loops together produce a strong magnetic field.

7) Determine through formula
flux (φ) = µ0 NIA / l

8) FLUX DENSITY
( Β= flux (φ) / A )
Number of magnetic line flux that across through certain point of surface.

FLUX INTENSITY
( Β= µH )
The magnetic field intensity (H) is the magnetic field of an electrically charged current. The magnetic field intensity is operationally defined and measured by a long coil whose own field intensity exactly equalizes the field being measured.

9) FARADAY'S LAW
( E= dt/dΦ)

The rate of change of magnetic flux through a loop to the magnitude of the electromotive force (EMF) induced in the loop.

First Law
A) Whenever the magnetic flux linked with a coil changes, an emf (voltage) is always induced in it.
B) Whenever a conductor cuts magnetic flux, an emf (voltage) is induced in that conductor.

Second Law
The magnitude of the induced emf (voltage) is equal to the rate of change of flux-linkages.

( E= dt/dΦ)

LENZ'S LAW
Determine the direction that current will flow. It states that the direction is always such that it will oppose the change in flux which produced it. This means that any magnetic field produced by an induced current will be in the opposite direction to the change in the original field.

10) SELF INDUCTANCE
EMF which induced in transformer primary winding is known as self induction emf as the emf is induced due to to flux which produced by the winding itself.

MUTUAL INDUCTANCE
EMF which induced in transformer secondary winding is known as mutual induction emf as the emf is induced due to to flux which produced by the other winding.

​

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Questions

(1)    Any magnetic material has two poles. Name the poles and the direction of flux coming in and out of the pole.

each magnet has a North Pole and a South Pole. They go from the North Pole to the South Pole outside the Magnet.The density of the Magnetic Field Lines is higher near the Poles, and the Magnetic Force is stronger

(2)    Ferromagnetic materials are materials that can be magnetized. Give at least three example of ferromagnetic materials and three non-ferromagnetic materials.

ferromagnetic materials are those that are able to create permanent magnets.examples of  ferromagnetic is iron,steel,cobalt,nickel

non-ferromagnetic meterials are water,wood,air,silver.

(3)    What is magnetic and non-magnetic molecules?

Magnetic: These materials have their moments coordinated such that they point in the same direction. They therefore produce strong magnetic fields.

Non-magnetic: Such substances have little reaction to magnetic fields. They may be composed of molecules where electrons spinning one way are always balanced by electrons spinning the other, or their spins may simply interact only weakly.

(4)    What is magnetic flux and its behavior?

They have two regions called magnetic poles with the magnetism both in and around a magnetic circuit producing a definite chain of organised and balanced pattern of invisible lines of flux around it. These lines of flux are collectively referred to as the “magnetic field” of the magnet. The shape of this magnetic field is more intense in some parts than others with the area of the magnet that has the greatest magnetism being called “poles”. At each end of a magnet is a pole.

The magnetic field is strongest near to the poles of the magnet were the lines of flux are more closely spaced. The general direction for the magnetic flux flow is from the North ( N ) to the South ( S ) pole

(5)    What is the use of right-hand grip rule?

The right-hand grip rule is used to determine the relationship between the current and the magnetic field based upon the rotational direction.

(6)    What is the different of magnetic flux produced by straight wire and coil/solenoid?

Straight wire- Straight wires create a field that are basically circular, centered on the wire.

A solenoid -is a long coil of wire (with many turns or loops, as opposed to a flat loop). Because of its shape, the field inside a solenoid can be very uniform, and also very strong. The field outside the coils is nearly zero.iits shape causes the field inside a solenoid of length l is remarkably uniform in magnitude and direction, as indicated by the straight and uniformly spaced field lines. The field outside the coils is nearly zero. Loops have more complicated shapes but still form field lines that are closed curves.

(7)    How can you relate a magnetic flux with coil properties e.g. permeability, number of turn, currents flow inside the coil, cross section area of coil, and the length of the coil?

a flux  flows. The strength of the flux depends on the coil and this propertys called the MAGNETOMOTIVE FORCE (m.m.f.). This is equivalent (analogous) to the voltage. Electrical resistance depends on a property of the material called the conductivity (or resistivity).

Different materials have different electrical resistance (Silver is the best but copper is very good).In the same way, the reluctance of a material depends on a property called the PERMEABILITY

(8)    What is flux density? What is flux intensity? can you differentiate between this two?

Flux density-the number of magnetic lines of flux that pass through a certain point on a surface

( Β= flux (φ) / A )

Flux intensity-- ( Β= µH )

(9)    What are faraday's law and lenz law?

lenz law-the direction (polarity) of induced emf (voltage) can be determined

faraday law- the rate of change of magnetic flux through a loop to the magnitude of the electro-motive force induced in the loop.

(10)What are self inductance and mutual inductance?

Self inductance - property of a coil due to which it opposes a change in current through it. A change in current produces an emf in the coil to oppose the change, which is the essential property of inductance.

Mutual inductance - property by which a coil opposes a change in current in another neighbouring coil. If two coils are on same core, or even placed nearby, current in one coil creates a magnetic flux which also passes through the other. If current in one coil changes, the other coil will oppose a change in this flux through itself by creating opposing emf.

# data[].attributes.body
1.  Any magnetic material has two poles. Name the poles and the direction of flux coming in and out of the pole.

ANSWER :
north - in pole
South - out pole

2. Ferromagnetic materials are materials that can be magnetized. Give at least three example of ferromagnetic materials and three non-ferromagnetic materials.

ANSWER :
Ferromagnetic material
- iron
- steel
- cobalt

Non - Ferromanetic material
- water
- wood
- air

3.  What is magnetic and non-magnetic molecules?

ANSWER :
- magnetic molecules

materials have their moments coordinated such that they point in the same direction. They therefore produce strong magnetic fields.

-non –magnetic molecules

substances have little reaction to magnetic fields. They may be composed of molecules where electrons spinning one way are always balanced by electrons spinning the other, or their spins may simply interact only weakly.

# data[].attributes.body
Questions

(1)    Any magnetic material has two poles. Name the poles and the direction of flux coming in and out of the pole.

each magnet has a North Pole and a South Pole. They go from the North Pole to the South Pole outside the Magnet.The density of the Magnetic Field Lines is higher near the Poles, and the Magnetic Force is stronger

(2)    Ferromagnetic materials are materials that can be magnetized. Give at least three example of ferromagnetic materials and three non-ferromagnetic materials.

ferromagnetic materials are those that are able to create permanent magnets.examples of  ferromagnetic is iron,steel,cobalt,nickel

non-ferromagnetic meterials are water,wood,air,silver.

(3)    What is magnetic and non-magnetic molecules?

Magnetic: These materials have their moments coordinated such that they point in the same direction. They therefore produce strong magnetic fields.

Non-magnetic: Such substances have little reaction to magnetic fields. They may be composed of molecules where electrons spinning one way are always balanced by electrons spinning the other, or their spins may simply interact only weakly.

(4)    What is magnetic flux and its behavior?

They have two regions called magnetic poles with the magnetism both in and around a magnetic circuit producing a definite chain of organised and balanced pattern of invisible lines of flux around it. These lines of flux are collectively referred to as the “magnetic field” of the magnet. The shape of this magnetic field is more intense in some parts than others with the area of the magnet that has the greatest magnetism being called “poles”. At each end of a magnet is a pole.

The magnetic field is strongest near to the poles of the magnet were the lines of flux are more closely spaced. The general direction for the magnetic flux flow is from the North ( N ) to the South ( S ) pole

(5)    What is the use of right-hand grip rule?

The right-hand grip rule is used to determine the relationship between the current and the magnetic field based upon the rotational direction.

(6)    What is the different of magnetic flux produced by straight wire and coil/solenoid?

Straight wire- Straight wires create a field that are basically circular, centered on the wire.

A solenoid -is a long coil of wire (with many turns or loops, as opposed to a flat loop). Because of its shape, the field inside a solenoid can be very uniform, and also very strong. The field outside the coils is nearly zero.iits shape causes the field inside a solenoid of length l is remarkably uniform in magnitude and direction, as indicated by the straight and uniformly spaced field lines. The field outside the coils is nearly zero. Loops have more complicated shapes but still form field lines that are closed curves.

(7)    How can you relate a magnetic flux with coil properties e.g. permeability, number of turn, currents flow inside the coil, cross section area of coil, and the length of the coil?

a flux  flows. The strength of the flux depends on the coil and this propertys called the MAGNETOMOTIVE FORCE (m.m.f.). This is equivalent (analogous) to the voltage. Electrical resistance depends on a property of the material called the conductivity (or resistivity).

Different materials have different electrical resistance (Silver is the best but copper is very good).In the same way, the reluctance of a material depends on a property called the PERMEABILITY

(8)    What is flux density? What is flux intensity? can you differentiate between this two?

Flux density-the number of magnetic lines of flux that pass through a certain point on a surface

( Β= flux (φ) / A )

Flux intensity-- ( Β= µH )

(9)    What are faraday's law and lenz law?

lenz law-the direction (polarity) of induced emf (voltage) can be determined

faraday law- the rate of change of magnetic flux through a loop to the magnitude of the electro-motive force induced in the loop.

(10)What are self inductance and mutual inductance?

Self inductance - property of a coil due to which it opposes a change in current through it. A change in current produces an emf in the coil to oppose the change, which is the essential property of inductance.

Mutual inductance - property by which a coil opposes a change in current in another neighbouring coil. If two coils are on same core, or even placed nearby, current in one coil creates a magnetic flux which also passes through the other. If current in one coil changes, the other coil will oppose a change in this flux through itself by creating opposing emf.

# data[].attributes.body
1. North (keluar)
South (masuk)

2. Ferromagnetic material (iron, nickel, cobalt)
Non-ferromagnetic material (copper, aluminium, lead)

3. Magnetic molecules - Produce strong magnetic fields ,coordinated, I and they point in the same direction.
Non-magnetic molecules - little reaction to magnetic fields, weak.

4. Magnetic flux - leave (N) pole and enter (S) pole of magnet. The behavior or characteristics is different poles attract each other while same poles repel each other.

5. Right 👉 ✋ rule used to demonstrate the direction of current (thumb) and magnetic field (finger curl).

6. Straight wire - stronger magnetic field
Coil / solenoid - weaker

7. By using formula of magnetic flux

# data[].attributes.body
A14PP3125

1. (i) North - IN
(ii) South - Out

2. (i) Ferromagnetic Materials
- iron
- steel
- cobalt
(ii) Non Ferromagnetic Materials
- Wood
- Plastic
- Copper

3. (i) Magnetic Molecules
These materials have their    moments coordinated such that they point in the same direction. They therefore produce strong magnetic fields.
(ii) Non Magnetic Molecules
Such substances have little reaction to magnetic fields. They may be composed of molecules where electrons spinning one way are always balanced by electrons spinning the other, or their spins may simply interact only weakly.

4. Magnetic Flux

-          Flux akan keluar dari kutub utara dan akan masuk pada kutub selatan.

-          Menolak bagi kutub yang sama, dan menarik bagi kutub yang berlainan.

-          Flux bergerak berterusan dalam satu loops.

5. Right hand grip rule
The right-hand grip rule is used to determine the relationship between the current and the magnetic field based upon the rotational direction.

6. Different
(i) Straight Wire - Magnetic Field Perpendicular to the wire

(ii) Coil/Solenoid - Strong Magnetic Field inside Solenoid

7.  Magnetic Flux,  ɸ = µ₀NIA/l

8.   Flux denity is simply the total flux divided by the cross sectional area of part through which it flows:                           Β =  ɸ /A

Flux Intensity  :  H = B/µ or
H = F/l

9. (i) Faraday's Law :
emf can be induced in a coil if the magnetic flux through the coil is changed.
(ii)  Lenz Laws
The induced emf generates a current that sets up a magnetic field which acts to oppose the change in magnetic flux.

10. (i) Self Inductance
Self-inductance is that phenomenon in which charge in electric current in a coil produces an induced emf in the coil itself.
L =  µN ² A/l
(ii) Mutual Inductance
Mutual Inductance between the two coils is defined as the property of the coil due to which it opposes the change of current in the other coil, or you can say in the neighboring coil.
M = µN ₂ N ₁(A/l)

# data[].attributes.body
A14PP3048

(1) consist of two
North  -->  Leave (OUT)
South  --> Enter (IN)

(2) ferromagnetic
- steel
- cobalt
- nickel

non ferromagnetic
- quartz
- silver
- copper

(3) magnetic molecule
- when a ferromagnetic material is placed in a magnetic field or experiencing magnetism, the magnetic molecules start to align themselves in a straight line pointed in the same direction.

non magnetic molecule
- when a non ferromagnetic material is place in a magnetic field or experiencing magnetism, the non magnetic molecules most likely start to spin either way in balance - less reaction to the magnetic field

(4) magnetic flux is the total of magnetic field pass through the given area.

- same pole most likely repel to each other.
- different pole will attract to each other.

(5) also known as corkscrew rule
which is to determine the direction of current (thumb) and magnetic field line (finger curl).

(6) straight wire - strong
coil - weak

the increase of the length of the coil will decrease the magnetic flux

(7)  Magnetic flux, ɸ = µ₀NIA/l

µ₀NIA is directly proportional to ɸ while l is inversely proportional to ɸ .

(8) flux density is the amount of magnetic flux pass through the area or substances

Β =  ɸ /A

flux intensity is the magnetic field of an electrically charged current

H = B/µ

(9) faraday's law
Whenever the magnetic flux linked with a coil changes, an EMF is always induced in it.

or whenever a conductor cuts magnetic flux, an EMF is induced in that conductor.

lenz law states that the polarity of the induced voltage is such that the voltage would produce a current that opposes the change in flux linkages responsible for inducing that EMF.

(10) Self inductance

L =  µN²A/l

Mutual inductance

M = µN₂N₁(A/l)

# data[].attributes.body
A14PP3109

1. - North ( IN)
- South (OUT)

2. Ferromagnetic materials
- cobalt
- iron
- steel

Non Ferromagnetic material
- water
- wood
- silver

3.

4. Magnetic Flux
- Magnetik fluks merupakan hasil daripada fluks-fluks yang bergerak pada medan magnet.

Behaviour :
- proses penolakan berlaku apabila dua magnet yang sama kutub bertemu dan proses penarikan berlaku apabila dua magnet berlainan kutub bertemu.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10. Self Inductance
- induction can occur when only        a single device is present

Mutual Inductance
- ability of one coil to produce an emf in a nearby coil, when the current in the first coil change.

# data[].attributes.body
A14PP3098

1. Two of poles is North and South. The direction is N to S.

2. The examples of ferromagnetic is iron, steel , nickel, cobalt and the non-ferromagnetic is such as zinc, mercury, lead, sulfur, copper, silver, bismuth, wood.

3. The magnetic molecules is the molecules that contents of magnetic field and the moment of position are at the same direction, opposite to the non-magnetic molecules, the molecules are mostly separated and the position moment are indirect to the one direction (random). Rather than that, non-magnetic molecules are in weak contents of magnetic field.

4. The magnetic flux is the total of magnetic field pass through the given area and the behavior is it will attract each other in different pole (N/S or S/N) and will repel each other in same pole (N/N or S/S).

5. Right hand Rule is a rule or method to determine and remember the direction of current (thumb) and magnetic field line (finger curl).

6.  Magnetic flux produce by straight wire are more powerful than coil. The length of straight wire are more large than coil. Thus, the straight wire are better than coil.

7.  The relationship between a magnetic flux with coil properties e.g. permeability, number of turn, currents flow inside the coil and the cross section area of coil is proportional. But the length of the coil is inversely propositional. It can be derive a mathematical formula such as O = uNAI / l rather than that the magnetic flux is also have a related to permeability (u) and magnetizing force (H). Real symbol at figure below.
the permeability are dependents of material properties either it just one material or it has material of composite.

8. Flux Density : flux content due to that area only. It depend on the cross section area. If the cross section area small the flux way and carry less than big area. The unit is Tesla.

Β =  ɸ /A

Field Intensity : an ability due to material properties and flux density expending. It related to BH-Curve. The unit is At/m.

H = B/µ

9.  For the Faraday's Law, base on my understanding is whenever the magnetic flux are changing either it may be course of wire like a root it will course the emf induce in it. From magnetic pole N to the S are produce the magnetic flux and whenever the magnetic flux are been slice it will be have an emf induce and it will produce electricity.

For Lenz Law , it is second law after Faradys law. its focusing on magnitude magnetic force and the polarity. Where the direction are can be determine with left hand flaming rule. Thumb is the direction of force, second finger id the direction of magnetic field and the third finger is the direction of current.

10.  Self-Inductance:- Induction that occur when only a single device is present, it changing current through the device and create a changing magnetic field. It generated a magnetic field by itself.

Mutual-Inductance: - A circuit (the primary) employs a changing current to create a magnetic field. Its usually has a primary and secondary winding.

# data[].attributes.body
1. north and south
North - masuk
south - keluar

2. ferromagnetic
- cobalt
- steel
- iron

non ferromagnetic
- water
- wood
- copper

3. iron bar

4. same pole - menolak (repel)
different pole - menarik (attract)

5. untuk kegunaan generator

6. straight wire - perpendicular field
selenoid - lemah

7.     flux (φ) = µ0 NIA / l

8.  flux density ( Β= flux (φ) / A )

- bilangan magnetic line of flux  yang melalui point
flux intensity ( Β= µH )

9. faraday's law
- emf akan terhasil jika  ada conductor yang memotong magnetic flux.

lenz law
- direction (polarity)

10.

# data[].attributes.body
(1) Any magnetic material has two poles. Name the poles and the direction of flux coming in and out of the pole.

(2) Ferromagnetic materials are materials that can be magnetized. Give at least three example of ferromagnetic materials and three non-ferromagnetic materials.

(3) What is magnetic and non-magnetic molecules?

(4) What is magnetic flux and its behavior?

(5) What is the use of right-hand grip rule?

(6) What is the different of magnetic flux produced by straight wire and coil/solenoid?

(7) How can you relate a magnetic flux with coil properties e.g. permeability, number of turn, currents flow inside the coil, cross section area of coil, and the length of the coil?

(8) What is flux density? What is flux intensity? can you differentiate between this two?

(9) What are faraday's law and lenz law?

(10) What are self inductance and mutual inductance?