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Visit Those in Prison and Comfort the Sick

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Visit Those in Prison and Comfort the Sick

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This organization provides once in a life time experiences, education, and entertainment to children who are sick. They help to express the fact that even if the kid might be sick, they are still kids and they deserve a normal childhood.

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Every 30 seconds, a child is diagnosed with a life-threatening medical condition. These children are often scared, confused, lonely and facing serious medical treatments. That's where Starlight comes in.

Starlight programs turn a child's pain, fear and stress into laughter, fun and joy by providing seriously ill children the best in entertainment, education and one-of-a-kind experiences - because sick kids are still kids.

We believe all children deserve to enjoy the magic, wonder and happiness of childhood, and we're committed to providing Starlight programs to every seriously ill child in our network of more than 700 children's hospitals and community health partners across the US.

For 35 years, Starlight has brought smiles to more than 60 million critically, chronically and terminally ill children in the United States, Canada, Australia and the United Kingdom.

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Our Mission - Starlight Children's Foundation

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Every 30 seconds, a child is diagnosed with a life-threatening medical condition. These children are often scared, confused, lonely and facing serious medical treatments. That's where Starlight comes in. Starlight programs turn a child's pain, fear and stress into laughter, fun and joy by providing seriously ill children the best in entertainment, education and one-of-a-kind experiences - because sick kids are still kids.

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This organization helps to rehabilate prisoners, and helps them get back on their feet. They provide jobs for most of them, such as the Homegirl Cafe, when they one. Programs like tattoo removal and anger mangament are provided to to ex-cons to help them fit in and conform to society around them. Instead of harsh treatment of being rejected normally for jobs, Homeboy Industries helps and welcome them so they can have a better life. Even classes such as computer basics are offered to them so they can be more qualified for outside jobs.

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Homeboy Industries provides hope, training, and support to formerly gang-involved and previously incarcerated men and women, allowing them to redirect their lives and become contributing members of our community.

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This institution works to explain to the elderly sick what their medical illness is. They strive to help them understand what is wrong, in addition to finding a solution.

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Doctor-patient communication is an essential, though sometimes challenging, aspect of the health care process. The following suggestions can help you work with older patients to optimize care and make the most of your time and resources.

Tips for communicating with older patients

Effective communication can help build satisfying relationships with older patients to best manage their care. It can strengthen the patient-provider relationship, lead to improved health outcomes, help prevent medical errors, and make the most of limited interaction time.

Interpersonal communication skills are considered so important that they are a core competency identified by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the American Board of Medical Specialties.

These key communication tips can help facilitate successful interactions with all of your patients, including older adults:

Speak to the patient as a fellow adult. Having physical, sensory, or cognitive impairments does not lessen the maturity of an adult patient. Those who are older might be used to more formal terms of address. Establish respect right away by using formal language as a default (such as Mr. or Ms.) and avoiding familiar terms, such as "dear," which could be perceived as disrespectful. You or your staff can also ask patients how they prefer to be addressed.

Make older patients comfortable. Ask staff to ensure patients have a comfortable seat in the waiting room and, if necessary, help with filling out forms. Staff should check on them often if they have a long wait before they are seen. Patients with impaired mobility may need to be escorted to and from exam rooms, offices, restrooms, and the waiting area. They may require assistance with climbing on to the exam table or removing clothing or shoes.

Avoid hurrying older patients. Be mindful if you are feeling impatient with an older person's pace. Some people may have trouble following rapid-fire questioning or torrents of information. Try speaking more slowly to give them time to process what is being asked or said, and don't interrupt. Once interrupted, a patient is less likely to reveal all of their concerns. If time is an issue, you might suggest that your patients prepare a list of their health concerns in advance of appointments.

Speak plainly. Do not assume that patients know medical terminology. Use simple, common language and ask if clarification is needed. Check to be sure your patient understands the health issue, what they need to do, and why it is important to act.

Address the patient face-to-face. Don't talk to patients with your back turned or while typing. Many people with hearing impairment understand better when they can read lips as well as listen. Watching a patient's body language can also help you know whether they understand what you're saying.

Write down or print out takeaway points. It can often be difficult for patients to remember everything discussed during an appointment. Older adults with more than one medical condition or health concern benefit especially from having clear and specific written notes or printed handouts. That way, they have information to review later about their health conditions, treatments, and other major points from visits.

Recognize that people from different backgrounds may have different expectations. Be sensitive to cultural differences that can affect communication with your patients. When needed, provide professional translation services and written materials in different languages.

Compensating for hearing deficits

Age-related hearing loss is common: About one-third of older adults have hearing loss, and the chance of developing hearing loss increases with age. Here are a few tips to make it easier to communicate with a person who may have difficulty hearing:

Make sure your patient can hear you. Ask if the patient has a working hearing aid, look at the auditory canal for excess earwax, and be aware of background noises, such as whirring computers and office equipment.

Talk clearly and in a normal tone. Shouting or speaking in a raised voice distorts language sounds and can give the impression of anger, and a high-pitched voice can be hard to hear.

Face the person directly, at eye level, so that they can lip read or pick up visual clues.

Indicate to your patient when you are changing the subject, such as by pausing briefly, speaking a bit louder, gesturing toward what will be discussed, gently touching the patient, or asking a question.

Keep a notepad handy so you can write down important points, such as diagnoses, treatments, and important terms.

Use amplification devices if they are available in your clinic or hospital.

If your patient has difficulty hearing the difference between certain letters and numbers, give context for them. For instance, "m as in Mary" or "five, six" instead of "56." Be especially careful with letters that sound alike.

Compensating for visual deficits

Visual disorders become more common as people age. Here are some things you can do to help manage the difficulties in communication that can result from visual deficits:

Make sure there is adequate lighting, including sufficient light on your face. Try to minimize glare.

Check that your patient has brought and is wearing eyeglasses or contact lenses, if needed.

Make sure that handwritten instructions are clear. When using printed materials, make sure the type is large enough (at least 14-point font) and the typeface is easy to read.

If your patient has trouble reading because of low vision, consider providing alternatives, such as audio instructions, large pictures or diagrams, and large pillboxes with raised markings.

Families and caregivers as part of the health care team

Family members and other informal caregivers play a significant role in the lives of their loved ones. They may provide transportation and accompany an older adult to medical appointments. In many cases, they act as facilitators to help the patient express concerns and can reinforce the information you give. But first, to protect and honor patient privacy, check with the patient by asking how they see the companion's role in the appointment.

It is important to keep the patient involved in their own health care and conversation. Whenever possible, try to sit so that you can address both the patient and companion face-to-face. Be mindful not to direct your remarks only to the companion.

You might ask the companion to step out of the exam room during part of the visit so you can raise sensitive topics and provide the patient some private time if they wish to discuss personal matters. For example, if you're conducting a test of a patient's cognitive abilities, you might ask the companion to step out so they can't answer questions or cover for the patient's cognitive lapses.

Some patients may ask that you contact their long-distance caregivers to discuss conditions or treatment plans. Make sure these patients fill out any necessary paperwork giving permission for you to speak with specific family members or friends if they are not present at the appointment.

Families may want to make decisions for a loved one. Adult children especially may want to step in for a parent who has cognitive impairment. If a family member has been named the health care agent or proxy, under some circumstances they have the legal authority to make care decisions. However, without this authority, the patient is responsible for making their own choices. When necessary, set clear boundaries with family members and encourage others to respect them.

Consider caregivers as "hidden patients"

Family caregivers face many emotional, financial, and physical challenges. They often provide help with household chores, transportation, and personal care, in addition to juggling their own jobs and families. Many also give medications, injections, and other treatments and may need advice or guidance on how to provide such medical care.

Caregivers often have their own health issues to manage as well. For example, they tend to have a higher risk of physical and mental health issues, sleep problems, and chronic conditions such as high blood pressure. It makes sense to view informal caregivers as "hidden patients" and to be alert for signs of illness, stress, and burnout. The long-term demands of caregiving tax the health of the caregiver and can also lead to unintentional elder abuse. Advise caregivers to talk with their own health care providers if they need help.

Caregivers may find it hard to make time for themselves, and your support and praise can help to sustain them. Encourage them to seek respite care so they can take a break to recharge. Colleagues such as social workers and other interdisciplinary team members may be able to recommend resources for caregivers.

Obtaining a thorough history

Obtaining a complete medical history - including current and past concerns, lifestyle, and family history - is crucial to good health care.

You may need to be especially flexible when obtaining the medical history of older patients. When possible, have the patient tell their story only once, even if other health care professionals in the office or home would typically assist in gathering the information. The process of providing their history to another staff member and then again to you can be tiring for patients.

Open-ended questions encourage a more comprehensive response, but yes-or-no or simple-choice questions may be helpful if the patient has trouble responding. Also be sure to ask if anything in a person's health, medications, or lifestyle has changed since their last visit. You may want to get a detailed life and medical history as an ongoing part of older patients' office visits and use each visit to add to and update information.

Here are some strategies for obtaining a thorough history:

Gather preliminary data. If feasible, request previous medical records or ask the patient or a family member to complete forms and worksheets at home or online prior to the appointment. Try to structure questionnaires for easy reading by using large type (at least 14-point font) and providing enough space between items for thorough responses. Keep any questionnaires meant to be filled out in the waiting room as brief as possible.

Elicit current concerns. Older patients tend to have multiple chronic conditions. You might start the session by asking your patient to talk about their main concern. For example, "What brings you in today?" or "What is bothering you the most?"

Ask prompting questions. The main concern may not be the first one mentioned, especially if it is a sensitive topic. Asking, for example, "Is there anything else?", which you may have to ask more than once, helps to get all of the patient's concerns on the table at the beginning of the visit. If there are too many concerns to address in one visit, plan with the patient to address some now and others next time. Encourage the patient (and their caregivers) to bring a written list of concerns and questions to a follow-up appointment.

Discuss medications. Older people often take many medications prescribed by several different doctors and some drug interactions can lead to major complications. Suggest that patients bring a list of all of their prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, and dietary supplements, including the dosage and frequency of each. Or suggest that they bring everything with them in a bag. Check to ensure the patient is using each medication as directed.

Ask about family history. The family history not only indicates the patient's likelihood of developing some diseases but also provides information about the health of relatives who care for the patient or who might do so in the future. Knowing the family structure will help you evaluate what support may be available from family members.

Ask about functional status. The ability to perform basic activities of daily living (ADLs) reflects and affects a patient's health. There are standardized ADL assessments that can be done quickly in the office. Understanding an older patient's usual level of functioning and learning about any recent significant changes are fundamental to providing appropriate health care.

Consider a patient's life and social history. Ask about where they live, who else lives in the home or nearby, neighborhood safety, their driving status, and access to transportation. Determine eating habits, assess their mood, and ask about tobacco, drug, and alcohol use. Factor in typical daily activities and work, education, and financial situations. Understanding a person's life and daily routine can help you to understand how your patient's lifestyle might affect their health care and to devise realistic, appropriate interventions.

Discussing medical conditions and treatments

Approximately 85% of older adults have at least one chronic health condition, and 60% have at least two chronic conditions. Clinicians can play an important role in educating patients and families about chronic health conditions and can connect them with appropriate community resources and services.

Most older patients want to understand their medical conditions and learn how to manage them. Likewise, family members and other caregivers can benefit from having this information. Physicians typically underestimate how much patients want to know and overestimate how long they spend giving information to patients. Devoting more attention to educating patients and their caregivers can improve patients' adherence to treatment, increase patients' well-being, and save you time in the long run.

Clear explanations of diagnoses are critical. Uncertainty about a health problem can be upsetting, and when patients do not understand their medical conditions, they are less likely to follow their treatment plans. It is helpful to begin by finding out what the patient understands about their condition, what they think will happen, and how much more they want to know. Based on the patient's responses, you can correct any misconceptions and provide appropriate information.

Treatment plans need to involve patients' input and consent. Ask about their goals and preferences for care and focus on what matters most to them. Check in with your patient about feasibility and acceptability throughout the process, thinking in terms of joint problem-solving and collaborative care. This approach can increase the patient's satisfaction while reducing demands on your time.

Treatment might involve lifestyle changes, such as a more nutritious diet and regular exercise, as well as medication. Tailor the plan to the patient's situation and lifestyle and try to reduce disruption to their routine. Keep medication plans as simple and straightforward as possible, indicating the purpose of each medication and when it should be taken. Tell the patient what to expect from the treatment.

These tips may help discussions about medical conditions and treatment plans:

A doctor's advice generally receives the greatest credence, so the doctor should introduce treatment plans. Other medical team members can help build on the doctor's original instructions.

Let your patients know that you welcome questions. Tell them how to follow up if they think of any additional questions later.

Some patients won't ask questions even if they want more information. Consider making information available even if it's not explicitly requested.

Offer information through more than one channel. In addition to talking with the patient, you can use fact sheets, drawings, models, or videos. In many cases, referrals to websites and support groups can be helpful.

Encourage the patient or caregiver to take notes. It's helpful to offer a pad and pencil. Active involvement in recording information may help your patient better retain information and adhere to the treatment plan.

Repeat key points about the health problem and treatment plan at every office visit, providing oral and written instructions, and check that the patient and their caregiver understand the information.

Provide encouragement and continued reinforcement for treatment or necessary lifestyle changes. Call attention to the patient's strengths and offer ideas for improvement.

Make it clear that a referral to another doctor, if needed, does not mean you are abandoning the patient.

Referring older patients to clinical trials

Clinical trials are the primary way we learn if a promising treatment is safe and effective. Patients who participate in clinical research help others by contributing to medical research. In some cases, they can also gain access to new treatments before they are widely available. However, participants may not know whether they are receiving the experimental treatment, a placebo, or standard care. Most clinical trials test short-term interventions related to a specific illness or condition. They are designed to test research hypotheses, not to provide regular health care.

Find clinical trials information for patients.

For information about federally and privately funded clinical research, or to search for specific studies, visit ClinicalTrials.gov.

Confusion and cognitive problems

A patient may still seem confused despite your best efforts to communicate clearly. In those instances, work to:

Support and reassure the patient, acknowledging when responses are correct or understood.

Make it clear that the conversation is not a "test" but rather a search for information to help the patient.

Consider having someone from your staff call the patient to follow up on instructions.

Cognitive impairment, however, is more than general confusion or normal cognitive aging. If you observe changes in an older patient's cognition or memory, follow up with screening and diagnostic testing, as appropriate.

There are a variety of possible causes of cognitive problems, such as side effects from medications, metabolic and/or endocrine changes, delirium, or untreated depression. Some of these causes can be temporary and reversed with proper treatment. Other causes of cognitive problems, such as Alzheimer's disease, are chronic conditions but may be treated with medications or nondrug therapies. Having an accurate diagnosis also can help families wanting to improve the person's quality of life and better prepare for the future.

Read more about Assessing Cognitive Impairment in Older Patients and Caring for Older Patients With Cognitive Impairment.

Sensitive topics

Caring for an older patient requires discussing sensitive topics related to safety, independence, and health. Older patients may be hesitant to bring up certain problems and other concerns such as:

There are techniques for broaching sensitive subjects that can help you successfully start the conversation. Try to take a universal, nonthreatening approach that frames the subject as a common concern of many older patients (such as, "Many people experience ..." or "Some people taking this medication have trouble with..."). You can also share anecdotes about patients in similar circumstances, though always clearly maintaining patient confidentiality, to ease your patient into the discussion.

Some patients will still avoid issues that they think are inappropriate to discuss with clinicians. One way to overcome this hesitation is to keep informative brochures and materials readily available in the exam room and waiting areas.

For more information about talking with your older patients

This content is provided by the NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA). NIA scientists and other experts review this content to ensure it is accurate and up to date.

Effective communication can help build satisfying relationships with older patients to best manage their care. It can strengthen the patient-provider relationship, lead to improved health outcomes, help prevent medical errors, and make the most of limited interaction time.

Obtaining a thorough history

Obtaining a complete medical history - including current and past concerns, lifestyle, and family history - is crucial to good health care.

You may need to be especially flexible when obtaining the medical history of older patients. When possible, have the patient tell their story only once, even if other health care professionals in the office or home would typically assist in gathering the information. The process of providing their history to another staff member and then again to you can be tiring for patients.

Open-ended questions encourage a more comprehensive response, but yes-or-no or simple-choice questions may be helpful if the patient has trouble responding. Also be sure to ask if anything in a person's health, medications, or lifestyle has changed since their last visit. You may want to get a detailed life and medical history as an ongoing part of older patients' office visits and use each visit to add to and update information.

Here are some strategies for obtaining a thorough history:

Gather preliminary data. If feasible, request previous medical records or ask the patient or a family member to complete forms and worksheets at home or online prior to the appointment. Try to structure questionnaires for easy reading by using large type (at least 14-point font) and providing enough space between items for thorough responses. Keep any questionnaires meant to be filled out in the waiting room as brief as possible.

Elicit current concerns. Older patients tend to have multiple chronic conditions. You might start the session by asking your patient to talk about their main concern. For example, "What brings you in today?" or "What is bothering you the most?"

Ask prompting questions. The main concern may not be the first one mentioned, especially if it is a sensitive topic. Asking, for example, "Is there anything else?", which you may have to ask more than once, helps to get all of the patient's concerns on the table at the beginning of the visit. If there are too many concerns to address in one visit, plan with the patient to address some now and others next time. Encourage the patient (and their caregivers) to bring a written list of concerns and questions to a follow-up appointment.

Discuss medications. Older people often take many medications prescribed by several different doctors and some drug interactions can lead to major complications. Suggest that patients bring a list of all of their prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, and dietary supplements, including the dosage and frequency of each. Or suggest that they bring everything with them in a bag. Check to ensure the patient is using each medication as directed.

Ask about family history. The family history not only indicates the patient's likelihood of developing some diseases but also provides information about the health of relatives who care for the patient or who might do so in the future. Knowing the family structure will help you evaluate what support may be available from family members.

Ask about functional status. The ability to perform basic activities of daily living (ADLs) reflects and affects a patient's health. There are standardized ADL assessments that can be done quickly in the office. Understanding an older patient's usual level of functioning and learning about any recent significant changes are fundamental to providing appropriate health care.

Consider a patient's life and social history. Ask about where they live, who else lives in the home or nearby, neighborhood safety, their driving status, and access to transportation. Determine eating habits, assess their mood, and ask about tobacco, drug, and alcohol use. Factor in typical daily activities and work, education, and financial situations. Understanding a person's life and daily routine can help you to understand how your patient's lifestyle might affect their health care and to devise realistic, appropriate interventions.

Discussing medical conditions and treatments

Approximately 85% of older adults have at least one chronic health condition, and 60% have at least two chronic conditions. Clinicians can play an important role in educating patients and families about chronic health conditions and can connect them with appropriate community resources and services.

Most older patients want to understand their medical conditions and learn how to manage them. Likewise, family members and other caregivers can benefit from having this information. Physicians typically underestimate how much patients want to know and overestimate how long they spend giving information to patients. Devoting more attention to educating patients and their caregivers can improve patients' adherence to treatment, increase patients' well-being, and save you time in the long run.

Clear explanations of diagnoses are critical. Uncertainty about a health problem can be upsetting, and when patients do not understand their medical conditions, they are less likely to follow their treatment plans. It is helpful to begin by finding out what the patient understands about their condition, what they think will happen, and how much more they want to know. Based on the patient's responses, you can correct any misconceptions and provide appropriate information.

Treatment plans need to involve patients' input and consent. Ask about their goals and preferences for care and focus on what matters most to them. Check in with your patient about feasibility and acceptability throughout the process, thinking in terms of joint problem-solving and collaborative care. This approach can increase the patient's satisfaction while reducing demands on your time.

Treatment might involve lifestyle changes, such as a more nutritious diet and regular exercise, as well as medication. Tailor the plan to the patient's situation and lifestyle and try to reduce disruption to their routine. Keep medication plans as simple and straightforward as possible, indicating the purpose of each medication and when it should be taken. Tell the patient what to expect from the treatment.

These tips may help discussions about medical conditions and treatment plans:

A doctor's advice generally receives the greatest credence, so the doctor should introduce treatment plans. Other medical team members can help build on the doctor's original instructions.

Let your patients know that you welcome questions. Tell them how to follow up if they think of any additional questions later.

Some patients won't ask questions even if they want more information. Consider making information available even if it's not explicitly requested.

Offer information through more than one channel. In addition to talking with the patient, you can use fact sheets, drawings, models, or videos. In many cases, referrals to websites and support groups can be helpful.

Encourage the patient or caregiver to take notes. It's helpful to offer a pad and pencil. Active involvement in recording information may help your patient better retain information and adhere to the treatment plan.

Repeat key points about the health problem and treatment plan at every office visit, providing oral and written instructions, and check that the patient and their caregiver understand the information.

Provide encouragement and continued reinforcement for treatment or necessary lifestyle changes. Call attention to the patient's strengths and offer ideas for improvement.

Make it clear that a referral to another doctor, if needed, does not mean you are abandoning the patient.

Confusion and cognitive problems

A patient may still seem confused despite your best efforts to communicate clearly. In those instances, work to:

Support and reassure the patient, acknowledging when responses are correct or understood.

Make it clear that the conversation is not a "test" but rather a search for information to help the patient.

Consider having someone from your staff call the patient to follow up on instructions.

Cognitive impairment, however, is more than general confusion or normal cognitive aging. If you observe changes in an older patient's cognition or memory, follow up with screening and diagnostic testing, as appropriate.

There are a variety of possible causes of cognitive problems, such as side effects from medications, metabolic and/or endocrine changes, delirium, or untreated depression. Some of these causes can be temporary and reversed with proper treatment. Other causes of cognitive problems, such as Alzheimer's disease, are chronic conditions but may be treated with medications or nondrug therapies. Having an accurate diagnosis also can help families wanting to improve the person's quality of life and better prepare for the future.

Read more about Assessing Cognitive Impairment in Older Patients and Caring for Older Patients With Cognitive Impairment.

Sensitive topics

Caring for an older patient requires discussing sensitive topics related to safety, independence, and health. Older patients may be hesitant to bring up certain problems and other concerns such as:

There are techniques for broaching sensitive subjects that can help you successfully start the conversation. Try to take a universal, nonthreatening approach that frames the subject as a common concern of many older patients (such as, "Many people experience ..." or "Some people taking this medication have trouble with..."). You can also share anecdotes about patients in similar circumstances, though always clearly maintaining patient confidentiality, to ease your patient into the discussion.

Some patients will still avoid issues that they think are inappropriate to discuss with clinicians. One way to overcome this hesitation is to keep informative brochures and materials readily available in the exam room and waiting areas.

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Doctor-patient communication is an essential, though sometimes challenging, aspect of the health care process. The following suggestions can help you work with older patients to optimize care and make the most of your time and resources. Effective communication can help build satisfying relationships with older patients to best manage their care.

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Medical help for refugees and immigrants,

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Medical help for refugees and immigrants,

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Fatherly help to make people aware of the problems that happen all around us. This organization assist refugees and immigrants who need assistance with medical help. They have the ability to treat theses patients with the money donated from other organizations, and very generous people.

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Migrants along the border and across the world need our help. In the United States, some 13,000 children are being detained by the government in tent camps. The day after Thanksgiving, U.S. border patrol opened up tear gas on hundreds of migrants, women, and barefoot children after they approached the border, causing some infants to faint and others in the area to suffer burning eyes, lungs, noses, and even inducing vomiting. Although in June, the Trump administration did eventually halt their systemic policy of detaining all immigrants who crossed or approached the border and claimed asylum, separating them from their children and putting those kids into detention centers of their own, there are still kids who might never be reunited with their parents or who still live detainment today.

Across the world, there are about 23 million refugees looking for a permanent place to call home, 1.2 million of those who urgently need resettlement. Migrant children and their parents are fleeing war-torn countries such as Syria and Yemen and have been living long-term in tent cities without adequate access to medical care, food, water, diapers, or education. The problem is immense and is not helped by the continuing starvation of Yemeni citizens - some 85,000 kids have died from starvation as a result of the war there. The problem is neither helped by the increasingly draconian immigration policies which have led to some fleeing on unsafe boats that fatally capsize; continued bombings on Middle-Eastern countries that lead parents to seek safer land, and ethnic genocides like of the Rohingya people in Myanmar.

If it feels like there's too much happening - and clearly nothing can be done to fix the problem, save an overhaul of immigration and refugee policy across the world - that's understandable. But even the busiest and most strapped of people can make a small amount of difference, especially on a day like Giving Tuesday, where many prominent nonprofit organizations are matching donations, therefore extending the charitable and giving reach.

The Texas Civil Rights Project is exclusively focused on the Texas to Mexico border. In their work, when family separation was just beginning to ramp up as a policy, TCRP attorneys noticed that many parents at hearings had been separated from their kids with no knowledge of where they were or when they would be reunited with them. One attorney named Efren Olivares, along with his aides, started going to as many hearings as possible in Brownsville, Texas and courtrooms in the surrounding border areas and, when time allotted, writing down all of the information of detained immigrant children and the names of their parents in the hopes that they could help reunite them, someway or somehow. Although the TCRP focuses on many things - voting rights and criminal justice reform being two of them - their immigrant's rights work is deeply important.

Doctors Without Borders is, to be sure, a massive nonprofit, which operates in 50 countries across the world, including in war-torn Yemen, in the migrant camps on the Greek Islands, in South Sudan, Syria, Mexico, and Honduras. Their work is instrumental in making sure that people on the move from oppressive regimes and violence have access to medical care. These are physicians who often work under the threat of terror and violence themselves and their efforts to support the health and lives of people who are fleeing devastation is deeply important. DWB is matching the first 150,000 dollars in donations for Giving Tuesday.

Amnesty International works globally on a number of issues, including political disappearances, torture, international justice, the protection of indigenous people, and the proliferation of reproductive rights to name a few. They also focus heavily on the survival and dignity of migrant populations. The nonprofit works, among other things, to pressure governments to process asylum claims properly, ensure that migrants are not exploited by employers or human traffickers, and to reunite families.

Border Angels is an all-volunteer non-profit based in San Diego, the town that surrounds the border of Tijuana and California, where hundreds of women and children were recently tear-gassed. In their work, they reach out to Day Laborers to ensure that they are not being abused by their employers, set out gallons of water along common migration routes in order to ensure that migrants who are seeking asylum do not die of dehydration. Most recently, they have been providing support to the Tijuana Caravan that has stalled at the San Diego border. People who would like to donate can donate specifically to Caravan Aid support, the day laborer outreach, or the desert water project.

The International Rescue Committee works with those who are fleeing war, conflict, and natural disasters as well as those who must stay in areas that don't typically receive aid. They also work to help resettle refugees coming to the United States. In healthcare, the IRC works with community health workers to cure treatable conditions in migrant or war-torn populations and to reverse malnourishment in children. They also focus on sexual violence perpetrated against women in refugee crises and help ensure that kids (and adults) on the move have access, ultimately, to educational opportunities. In short, they do a lot of good work. Unlike some non-profits, IRC also gives people cash assistance so they can have the funds to make their own decisions about how they want to live their lives - and continue to educate migrants on their rights in foreign countries. Today, all donations are being matched.

The Annunciation House in El Paso has been running for four decades and in its tenure has provided shelter for migrants, the homeless, and the vulnerable on the border. Today, with some 1000 families coming it within the next week or two, Annunciation House is in desperate need of assistance to provide food, clothing, housing costs, and transportation assistance to migrants staying there. The Annunciation House exists solely on a volunteer basis and works in conjunction with Casa Vides, a long-term stay house, and Nazareth House, which is for short-term guests just released from ICE custody. Without these essential shelters, migrants waiting to be reunited with their kids or process their asylum claims would likely be homeless. Cash donations would be essential to helping the Annunciation House do its important work housing children and migrants.

As non-profit exclusively serves the needs of unaccompanied migrant children from detainment throughout deportation proceedings. The Young Center is comprised of bilingual volunteers who translate between kids and attorneys, attorneys themselves, child advocates, and more. They have offices around the U.S. in such cities as Houston, San Antonio, Phoenix, and Los Angeles and are currently accepting referrals for the appointments of Child Advocates who work with kids in the legal system to help them understand and comprehend what is happening to them. Their larger goal is, of course, to reform the immigration system and the way that it fails to serve children in general. Quite a lofty goal, yes. But a fantastic one. Today, a donor is John Oliver so depressingly satirized, the reality that children as young as two are expected to defend their asylum claims in court against a fully-grown judge to prevent themselves from being deported, is a mind-blowingly horrific part of our justice system. matching all donations up to $20,000. The Young Center for Children's Immigrants Rights aims to right that problem. The

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7 Charities That Provide Relief to Migrants and Refugees

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Migrants along the border and across the world need our help. In the United States, some 13,000 children are being detained by the government in tent camps. The day after Thanksgiving, U.S.

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Sick leave 101 provides useful information about how there might not be a policy put in place to protect those who need sick pay, most people are guaranteed to a decent number of sick day. This origanization provides the normal sick policy for most businesses and makes people aware of the different perspectives that each person may be going through.

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You've probably heard the term " sick leave" - but what does sick leave actually refer to, and why should it matter to you?

As of 2017, seven states have a paid sick leave law. These seven states include: Arizona, California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Oregon, Vermont, Washington, and the District of Columbia. In addition, 22 cities across the United States have a sick leave law and give full-time employees sick leave depending on hours worked.

Like with bereavement leave, there are no federal laws requiring or protecting paid sick leave, making America the only country amongst a lineup of 22 developed nations that doesn't guarantee pay if an employee, or a close member of the employee's family, gets an illness and needs to take a sick day.

In 2015, President Obama signed an executive order (Executive Order 13706) which established paid sick leave for federal contractors. This order required these government contractors to allot 7 days to a sick leave bank and family medical leave to its employees every year for preventative care, an existing health condition, illness or injury.

According to a 2015 by the Huffington Post, 70% of those surveyed believed that companies should be required to pay employees for sick time. This poll also asked questions about maternity leave and paternity leave. 67% ruled in favor of the former, and 55% ruled in favor of the latter. These results come alongside statistics from the Department of Labor that show 40% of private sector, low-earning workers aren't guaranteed paid sick time.

And yet, even with an overwhelming majority of people calling for reform when it comes to paid time off and paid sick leave, the momentum seems to have stagnated.

But what is sick leave and how does it differ from other types of PTO like parental leave and vacation time?

In general, sick leave refers to the time an employee takes off from work to stay at home to address either their health, or the health of a close family member like partner or child. It can be for preventative reasons like a doctor's appointment, for an illness, or injury. It is different from medical leave, as outlined by the Family and Medical Leave Act ( FMLA) which is a federal law providing eligible employees with up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave to attend to a serious illness or injury in the family or with themselves.

And while there is no federal law protecting sick pay and sick leave, many policies follow a similar structure when they are present within the organization. An average sick leave policy looks like the one outlined below.

In general, a full-time employee is guaranteed a certain amount of sick days based on hours worked per pay period. Sometimes, these days can be accrued over pay periods, a fiscal year, or a calendar year. There is usually a sick leave bank that holds these hours. If an employee needs to request time off for an appointment, they usually put down this time in advance and their employee supervisor can sign off on it. But sick leave can also be used last minute, as most of us don't know when we're going to come down with a stomach bug. Some companies require a physician statement in order for the pay leave to become valid.

These policies shift also depending on exempt or non-exempt staff. If you have any questions about what your classification is, human resource is a good place to get those answers.

But even though some companies have these policies in place, many do not. And it's those that potentially suffer. If you don't know what side you're on, learn about the two side of the debate below.
In defense of paid sick leave:
First and foremost, most people can agree that if a person is sick, they should not come to work and risk infecting others. So in one way, paid sick leave should be guaranteed and people should have a paid sick leave bank so that they can take that time to recuperate and come back to work healthy and refreshed and not fear losing valuable income. It would also benefit the company or organization as it would keep the germs quarantined and away from the office. If a person has the flexibility and freedom so stay home, they would be saving many others from also falling ill.

Therefore, giving employees paid sick leave would encourage them to take the time off that is necessary to get better, and come back to work eager to dive back in. This would keep employees from multitasking poorly or not putting their all into their work.

To put this into perspective - let's say you're going out to dinner to a nice restaurant, you want your servers, waitstaff, and cooks to be healthy, right? But what if the cook making your steak has a cold, the flu, or some kind of bug and he can't financially afford to take the time off - what's he to do? He has to work, which means there is an increased risk that your food is being contaminated. Let's say you now get food poisoning as a result. Wasn't it worth paying this employee for sick time more worth it than the chain of events that could inevitably follow?

For many, there is a very real fear that they will not be able to support themselves due to decreased income, or fear that they will lose their jobs if they call out sick. Most people can't afford unpaid sick leave either.

Also, what if an employee has a child at home that is sick? Maybe they're a single parent, and have no support system to take care of the child while they are sick. What are they supposed to do? Not showing up for work could cost them their job, or food for the next week. Paid sick time could alleviate these stress points put on so many low-income workers.

There is also a significant psychological impact on those without paid sick leave.

According to a by Florida Atlantic University and Cleveland State University which was published in the American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, workers who are not guaranteed paid sick leave report a higher level of psychological distress. They are also more likely to say that this stress interferes with their daily lives.

"Given the disproportionate access to paid sick leave based on race, ethnicity and income status, coupled with its relationship to health and mental health, paid sick leave must be viewed as a health disparity as well as a social justice issue," said LeaAnne DeRigne, co-author of the study.

Similarly, the Department of Labor found that workers who do not have paid sick leave are more likely to be injured on the job whether it's due to working conditions, physical stress, or mental stress from being forced to work when not at their fullest potential.

Not to mention, when these low-earning workers do get sick or injured, the cost to alleviate the problems are exponential.

In conducted by the Institute for Women's Policy Research, results showed that by giving people paid time off, they'd be reducing the cost of emergency room visits. Many times, these low-income workers don't have the time to take preventative care seriously, and are forced to get emergency services at the last minute. Paid sick leave would allow workers to take their health more seriously and prevent more devastating conditions from developing - and keeping their finances safe from alarming emergency room bills.

But it's not just the negatives that make the case for paid sick leave.

For many employers, a happy, healthy, productive environment is key. It means happy customers and clients. It means low turnover rates. It means high profits. Giving employees paid sick leave gives them that boost of confidence that they need to increase productivity and profitability.

The cost of trying to find a new employee is worth nearly as much as the lost employee themselves, which is why businesses strive to have lower turnover rates.

Not just that, but think about the loyalty and trust that could be built up between employer and employee if they are given the respect of getting paid for their work even when they are too sick to do it. That shows investment,care and respect for employees that is invaluable for an employer.

A paid sick leave or PTO policy also makes employees feel like valued adults who can be trusted to use these days with caution and discretion. Paid sick leave isn't something that can be used all willy nilly. There's stil procedure involved, but it gives employees peace of mind that the stomach bug they caught, or that their child caught, won't cost them their job.
In opposition to paid sick leave:
As with any other forced financial stipulation, many of the arguments against paid sick leave revolve around its economic impact.

Many argue that by making paid sick leave mandatory, you would be forcing the increase of prices on good and services across all industries. That, or reduce the benefits these full-time employees, or hourly employee, already benefit from.

By requiring sick leave, companies might have to roll back bonuses, perks, vacation time, and other company benefits like outings and snacks.

show that after San Francisco mandated paid leave, 30% of low-wage worked experienced cut hours and layoffs. There's the fear that if these mandates were enacted on a larger scale, it would negatively impact jobs and the economy as a whole. Driving up prices and creating an even more unequal economic gap.

There's also no proof to show that when given paid sick leave, that people actually take it. It's still very likely that people will continue going to work sick even if they have the opportunity not to do so

Many companies find that after a years' time, employees still have unused sick leave days which shows that the proposed legislation is not, in fact, "one size fits all" and should be catered to each company on a company by company basis. There's a large amount of pushback for this reason. Organizations don't want the federal government imposing laws on a nationwide level. What works for Google might not necessarily work for the small business in Idaho. For many, they want to be in control of their sick leave policy, not the government. And many already have these intricate policies that include a sick leave pool for illness or injury, sick leave accrual, and a host of other sick leave programs to aid their employees depending on full-time part-time employment.

Regardless of what side you're on, it's obvious the importance this debate has on American society.

Both sides have merit, with statistics and studies proving many differing, sometimes contradictory points. It is more imperative to ensure the economic climate stays the same, or is it vital to close the gap and guarantee workers rights? In the long run, it's a question that needs answering, or at least more debate on. With the number of policies and issues floating around the political theater, it's time guaranteed paid sick leave got more time in the spotlight. If not for our sakes, then for the sake of our children and their children.

Even if this is an issue not for the federal government, but for state and local municipalities. Workers deserve to be treated with respect and dignity, and affording them paid sick leave gives them that affirmation that what they're doing matters. No one is perfect. Things happen. People get sick. For some, they are lucky enough to be able to take the time off when they need to, when their daughter comes down with a cold or their husband gets an injury at work. But for many, getting sick means lost wages and maybe even lost employment. Not only that, but it also means extensive fees if the illness isn't caught in time.

Even if we can't agree on the need for required sick leave, we can agree on the need for better worker's rights. And any step in that direction is a step forward.

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Paid Sick Leave: Everything You Need to Know

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You've probably heard the term " sick leave" - but what does sick leave actually refer to, and why should it matter to you? As of 2017, seven states have a paid sick leave law. These seven states include: Arizona, California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Oregon, Vermont, Washington, and the District of Columbia.

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In Sweden, several policies are in place, set to help the imprisoned, rather than keep them locked up. Their goal is to help and assist those in prison, who have been evaluated as people in need. Sweden uses a system of surveys to identify the problems that cause criminals their bad behavior. This is used to cover the problems in Sweden, and therefore fix it.

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ur role is not to punish. The punishment is the prison sentence: they have been deprived of their freedom. The punishment is that they are with us," says Nils Öberg, director-general of Sweden's prison and probation service.

Öberg, 54, is giving the annual Longford lecture on penal reform in London tomorrow, where he will explain how, in stark contrast to the UK, Sweden is closing prisons and reducing the prison population.

Since 2004, Swedish prisoner numbers have fallen from 5,722 to 4,500 out of a population of 9.5 million, and last year four of the country's 56 prisons were closed and parts of other jails mothballed. In contrast, the prison population in England and Wales is 85,000 out of a population of 57 million.

With reoffending rates at about 40% - less than half of those in the UK and most other European countries - does he attribute this success to the country's effective policies on prisoner rehabilitation? "We obviously believe that it is part of the explanation; we hope we are doing something right. But it's going to be very difficult to prove that scientifically. We are increasing our efforts all the time," he says.

Last year a "national client survey" of several thousand Swedish prisoners was undertaken in order to identify the issues that have affected their criminal behaviour. "The survey did not bring up any surprises, but it gave us confirmation of what we have learned from experience - that it is not one problem that our clients face, but two or more, sometimes as many as seven or eight different ones, including perhaps drugs, alcohol and psychiatric problems. And these problems did not just appear overnight. These are things that have developed over years. Most of the sentences in this country are relatively short. The window of opportunity that we have to make a change is very small, so we need to start from day one. Our strategy is to cover the whole range of problems, not just the one problem."

Sweden's high-security Kumla prison Photograph: Marc Femenia / TT/Press Association Images

Unlike England and Wales, where since 2004 anyone convicted by the courts is categorised as an offender, the implication in the Swedish model is that sentenced individuals are still primarily regarded as people with needs, to be assisted and helped. As well as having rehabilitation at the heart of its penal policy, the other huge difference between the Swedish and UK approaches is the role of politicians.

Chris Grayling, the justice secretary, has recently introduced measures that amount to "a ramped-up political emphasis on punishment rather than real rehabilitation" in prison regimes, according to Juliet Lyon, director of the Prison Reform Trust. These include forcing prisoners to wear uniform, banning books being sent to prisoners, and turning off cell lights at 10.30pm in young offender institutions.

Öberg says: "A politician who tried something like that in Sweden would be thrown out of office. It would be a breach of our constitution - in our system that is the forbidden area. When we exercise authority over individuals, a politician cannot interfere with the administration process. In reality, there is a dialogue - politicians will tell me and my colleagues what they expect and we will do our best to achieve those goals. We have a very clear division of labour between the government and public administration.

"An individual politician cannot interfere with the running of our business. The government sets goals in a yearly letter of intent, and then the responsibility for the work is entirely ours."

But what about public opinion in Sweden? Is there less desire for retribution than in the UK? "There is a lot of anger among the Swedish public when it comes to crime and criminals," says Öberg. "But, regardless of what public opinion may be at any one time, whatever you do in the justice sector, you have to take a long-term perspective. You cannot try something one day and then change it to something else the next day - that would be completely useless. The system in our sector is set up to implement long-term strategies and stick to them."

He adds, however, that the country's well-educated population appreciates that almost all prisoners will return to society. "So when you go into a political dialogue, there is a fair amount of understanding that the more we can do during this small window of opportunity when people are deprived of their liberty, the better it will be in the long run."

Is he hoping his Longford lecture will provide some helpful advice that may assist the UK government with its prison difficulties, ranging from overcrowding, staff shortages and a 69% increase last year in self-inflicted death?

"I'm very excited to be giving the lecture. But I will be very careful about giving anybody any advice. We can try to share our experiences and perhaps inspire each other a little bit, recognising that the preconditions for carrying out our work are very, very different.

My ambition is to try to tell a story about how we have come to the conclusions that we have, and explain why we have made the choices that we have made. It has to do with whether you decide to use prison as your first option or as a last resort, and what you want your probation system to achieve. Some people have to be incarcerated, but it has to be a goal to get them back out into society in better shape than they were when they came in."

Curriculum vitae

Age 54.

Lives Stockholm.

Family Married, three children.

Education Sollefteå Gymnasium, Sweden; Harvard University, Kennedy school of government, USA; political science degree; Uppsala University, Sweden, MSc/Phd, political science.

Career 2012-present: director-general, Swedish prison and probation service; 1999-12; various director-general roles, Swedish ministry of justice; 1995-99; civil servant, Swedish commissioner, European commission, Brussels; 1991-95; officer and analyst roles, Swedish security service; 1988-90: consultant, International Foundation; 1986-88: administrative director, Alva and Gunnar Myrdal's Foundation: 1983-85; consultant, Swedish Red Cross and other NGOs.

Interests Sailing.

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'Prison is not for punishment in Sweden. We get people into better shape' | Erwin James

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Erwin James: With prisoner numbers falling and jails closing, Swedish criminal justice works, says director-general Nils Öberg

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This picture depicts a young lady helping a young man.

Munch, Edvard. The Sick Child. 1907, Oil paint on canvas, Tate Galley, London, United Kingdom

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Inscribed 'E. Munch' b.l. and 'Edv. Munch' b.r.
Oil on canvas, 46 3/4 x 47 5/8 (118.5 x 121)
Presented by Thomas Olsen 1939
Prov: Gemäldegalerie, Dresden (purchased from the artist 1928); with Harald Holst Halvorsen, Oslo, 1938; Thomas Olsen, Oslo, 1939
Exh: Internationale Kunst Ausstellung, Dresden, June-September 1926 (244, repr.); Edvard Munch, Kunsthalle, Mannheim, November 1926-January 1927 (35, repr.) as 'Krankes Mädchen (vierte Fassung)' 1907; Nationalgalerie, Berlin, March-May 1927 (112, repr.); Nasjonalgalleriet, Oslo, June 1927 (165, repr.); Edv. Munchs tyske museumsmalerier, Halvorsen, Oslo, January 1939 (40, repr.)
Lit: Jens Thiis, Edvard Munch og hans Samtid (Oslo 1933), pp.132-8; Frederick B. Deknatel, Edvard Munch (New York 1950), pp.10, 12; Aftenposten, 1 February 1954 (evening edition); Arne Eggum, 'The Theme of Death' in exh. catalogue Edvard Munch: Symbols and Images, National Gallery, Washington, DC, 1978, pp.143-53, 180-1
Repr: Studio, CXXXI, 1946, p.176; John Rothenstein, The Tate Gallery (London 1958), p.141 in colour; Jean Selz, Edvard Munch (Naefels 1976), p.72 in colour

This is said to be the fourth of the six versions in oil of this subject. There are also three related : an of 1894 (Willoch, No.7; Schiefler, No.7); a second etching of the head alone, 1896 (Willoch, No.47; Schiefler, No.60); and a coloured lithograph , 1896 (Schiefler, No.59).

The painted versions are as follows:

1. Nasjonalgalleriet, Oslo 1885-6 (partly overpainted in the 1890s) Stated in the catalogues of the Munch retrospective exhibition at Mannheim, Berlin and Oslo in 1926-7 to be the fourth version and dated 1907. Arne Eggum writes (letter of 17 October 1977) that Munch stated in a late note that he painted two copies of 'The Sick Child' at Warnemünde in 1907, one for Dr Thiel (which would be the version now in the Thielska Galleriet) and the other for Mr Schou. However Mr Schou originally owned the version in the Konstmuseet, Gothenburg, which is signed and dated 1896. There is photographic evidence that Munch painted the version for Dr Thiel at Warnemünde in 1907, and in the same
2. Konstmuseet, Gothenburg 1896
Painted in Paris when Munch made the colour lithograph of this subject with the printer Clot.
3. Thielska Galleriet, Stockholm 1907
Commissioned by the Swedish banker Ernst Thiel in the spring of 1907 and painted at Warnemünde. On 30 June 1907 Munch wrote to Thiel 'in a few days "The Sick Child" will arrive from Nörregaard, so I can make a start'.
4. The Tate Gallery 1907

It has sometimes been suggested by past curators of the Munch Museum that the Tate's version was painted in 1916, but there seems to be no evidence for this other than a tradition that Munch painted one version of 'The Sick Child' in that year.
5. Oslo Municipal Collections, No.51 1925 or earlier
photograph it seems possible to identify the version which is now at the Tate. Thus Arne Eggum believes that Munch must either have remembered wrongly about a copy for Mr Schou in Warnemünde, or the Tate version was originally intended for him. This picture is sometimes tentatively dated 1916, because of the tradition just mentioned, but Arne Eggum believes that it may have been done later. The first definite proof of its existence is a photograph of Munch's studio at Ekely taken in 1925.
6. Oslo Municipal Collections, No.52 1927
Though this work is signed and dated 1926, the inscription was not added until after it had been exhibited at the Carnegie Institute in 1933 and seems to be incorrect. In a draft of a letter to Jens Thiis, Munch says that he painted the fifth (sic) version of 'The Sick Child' during the exhibition at the Nasjonalgalleriet, Oslo, in 1927.

The Tate's painting with its vivid green and red contrasts is bolder in colour than the earlier versions, and has larger brushstrokes.

The theme, together with that of 'Spring' of 1889 and several other paintings of later date, is said to have been inspired by the illness of Munch's elder sister Johanne Sofie, who died from tuberculosis in 1877 at the age of fifteen. The theory that 'The Sick Child' has some reference to his personal background is supported by the fact that Munch painted the earliest version not in his studio, but in the bedroom of his father's flat in Oslo, Schous Plass No.1. Munch's mother had died when the children were very small, and the woman by the bedside is Karen Bjølstad, the aunt who looked after the family in her stead.

It seems, however, that it would be rash to identify the sick child with Sofie without making reservations. The model for the child was a girl with red hair named Betzy Nielsen, who in 1885 was aged eleven. She had her eightieth birthday on 3 February 1954. On 1 February 1954 the Oslo newspaper Aftenposten (evening edition) published an interview with her in which she gave information that throws a new light on the first version of this work. Munch's father was a doctor in the east end of Oslo, and in the winter of 1885 he was called to the house of Betzy's parents, because her five-year-old brother had broken his leg. Edvard accompanied his father on this visit, and while the doctor was occupied with the patient, Edvard watched Betzy, who was sitting in a chair in the same room, broken down with grief over the pain of her small brother. Before they left, Edvard asked Betzy's mother to be allowed to paint her daughter, and was given permission to do so. She posed for 'The Sick Child' (1885-6), 'The Girl with Red Hair' (1885), 'The Girl with a Tame White Rat' (1886) and 'Spring' (1889).

Probably, therefore, the two incidents in some way fused: the sight of Betzy in her despair reminded him of the sickness and death of Sofie eight years before.

Munch himself has written at some length about 'The Sick Child' in a statement published in his booklet Livsfrisens tilblivelse (The Origin of the Frieze of Life), Oslo c.1929. His words 'When I saw the sick child for the first time - the pale head with the very red hair against the white pillow' imply again that he was 'inspired' by Betzy. Johanne Sofie seems not to have had red hair. The statement is concerned mainly with the difficulties which he experienced in retaining the first impression - 'the trembling mouth - the transparent skin - the tired eyes' -in the course of painting. He said: 'I scraped off half the background and let everything stand in masses ... I also discovered that my own eyelashes had their part in the pictorial impression. I therefore faintly indicated them as shadows across the picture. In a way, the head became the picture. Wavy-lines emerged in the picture - peripheries - with the head as centre ... I painted 3 different [versions]. They are all dissimilar and each makes its special contribution to the first impression ... In the sick child I opened for myself a new path - it was a breakthrough in my art. Most of what I have done since had its birth in this picture'. The first version of 'The Sick Child' represented in fact a new departure in his art, and estranged the majority of the critics, who until then had been favourable.

Munch was one of the artists whose works were condemned by the Nazis as ' degenerate art '. All works by him from German museums (including this picture, from the Dresden Gallery) were collected in the Schloss Schönhausen, Berlin, and sold in November 1938 to foreign dealers.

This picture also has a circular stamp on the stretcher of the 'Göteborgs Tullbehandlings Expedition', evidently a dispatching office for rolled-up bundles (tull). Munch exhibited several times in Gothenburg, notably in 1923 when he showed 28 paintings, but it has not been possible to identify which exhibition this refers to.

(This entry has been compiled with the help of Arne Brenna, Arne Eggum and Carla Lathe).

Published in:
Ronald Alley, Catalogue of the Tate Gallery's Collection of Modern Art other than Works by British Artists, Tate Gallery and Sotheby Parke-Bernet, London 1981, pp.548-50, reproduced p.548

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'The Sick Child', Edvard Munch, 1907 | Tate

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Cancer Care is an organization that understands bills and medical insurance is expensive. They strive to help those in need with listing various sites that assist any cancer patients with their financial situation if they cannot afford treatment.