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The goal Iranian Revolution of 1979 was to overthrow the previous rulers, the Shah. However, in the aftermath of the Revolution came a ruler who was even more oppressive. The changes that people had fought for came with strings attached. Those strings carrying new burdens. The lesson being that change can come with unwanted, unexpected, and seemingly unrelated issues.

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Bruno, Greg. “Religion and Politics in Iran.” Council on Foreign Relations, Council on Foreign Relations, 19 June 2008, www.cfr.org/backgrounder/religion-and-politics-iran.

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Esfandiari, Haleh. “The Women's Movement.” The Women's Movement | The Iran Primer, 2010, iranprimer.usip.org/resource/womens-movement.

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Editors, History.com. “Iran-Iraq War.” HISTORY, A&E Television Networks, 9 Nov. 2009, www.history.com/topics/middle-east/iran-iraq-war.
Wise, Krysta. “Islamic Revolution of 1979: The Downfall of American-Iranian Relations.” OpenSIUC, 2011, opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/legacy/vol11/iss1/2.

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After coming into power, Ayatollah Khomeini created a form of government called 'velayat-e faqih,' or rule of the Islam jurist. In this government, an Islam jurist, or faqih, must be in power to uphold laws based on Islamic law. Backing the jurist would be a number of high ranking clergy members who would help run different aspects of the government.

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Supreme Leader of Iran
Today, the Iranian government is headed by a Supreme Leader, an unofficial leader of the executive branch with power over the military, appoints military officials and judicial leaders, supervises the constitution, and sets the general state policy.

Assembly of Experts
To elect the Supreme Leader, there is the Assembly of Experts, an 86 member group. All of the members are senior clergymen who are elected by popular vote. The Assembly has the power to dismiss the leader, and are responsible for monitoring the Supreme Leader's work. They meet biannually and proceedings are guarded with utmost confidentiality.

President
The official leader of the executive branch and second only to the Supreme Leader, the President's political power tends to fluctuate according to the leader's needs. A president is elected in four-year terms and must be a Shiite Muslim.

Majlis
Majlis, literally 'place of sitting' is essentially Iranian Parliament. It is built up of 290 members representing the 30 provinces of Iran. Five of the seats represent religious minorities. Each member is in power for four-year terms. As a parliament, they introduce and pass legislation.

Council of Guardians
The Council of Guardians, is a body made up of twelve members: six theologians appointed by the Supreme Leader, and six jurists appointed by the Majlis. This Council refers to Islamic Law to review legislation and election candidates.

Expediency Discernment Council
Apart from having the longest name, the Expediency Discernment Council is known for resolving disputes occurring between the Majlis and the Council of Guardians.

Supreme Court
Being the highest judicial body in Iran, the Supreme Court is built up of the head of the judiciary, who is appointed by the Supreme Leader, and members that the head of the judiciary selects. It is made up of 33 branches with all except two branches in Iran's capital, Tehran. This court sets judicial precedent and acts as a court of appeals.

Special Court for Clerics
The Special Clerical Court is a special court specifically for clergy members. These clergy members are those who have committed crimes, particularly 'ideological offenses.'

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Before the Revolution, America was very outspoken in its support for the Shah. Unfortunately, this led to a bad relationship with Iran afterwards. Khomeini believed that all of the problems of the Middle East came from the West, and cut ties with the West.

Trade
An important part of having good relationships is business. Khomeini knew this and naturally cut off the export of oil, severely hurting the U.S. economy. To further the damage, he stopped importing U.S. goods such as firearms, which in the year prior gave the U.S. 4.5 billion dollars.

The Hostage Crisis
On November 4, 1979, Khomeini dealt a huge blow to Iran-America relations. Iranians took control of the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, taking roughly 70 American citizens captive. During the crisis, Jimmy Carter passed a trade embargo between Iran and the U.S. The crisis lasted 444 days and finally ended with an agreement of a lack of American intervention and 11 billion dollars of frozen Iranian assets.

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It was well known that the Middle East was abundant in oil. Pre-Revolution, Iran would have shared this resource openly. Khomeini's distaste for Westerners, however, caused him to cut off the outflow of oil from Iran. This sudden cutoff crippled Iranian oil companies.

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The Iran-Iraq War caused many financial problems to arise in Iran. Between Iran and Iraq, 228 billion dollars were expended directly to the war, and over 400 billion dollars worth of damage was done. Most of the damage repair was geared towards destroyed oil facilities, which ruined the economy even more.

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Editors, History.com. “Iran-Iraq War.” HISTORY, A&E Television Networks, 9 Nov. 2009, www.history.com/topics/middle-east/iran-iraq-war.
Wise, Krysta. “Islamic Revolution of 1979: The Downfall of American-Iranian Relations.” OpenSIUC, 2011, opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/legacy/vol11/iss1/2.

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In the September of 1980, the dictator of Iraq, Saddam Hussein attacked Iran, beginning the Iran-Iraq War. The war can be briefly summarized as a series of ballistic missile attacks, chemical warfare, and attacks on oil tankers. Iran rejected a ceasefire once before the war's end, dissatisfied with the compromise. With neither side really on the winning side, the United Nations eventually intervened, and a truce was established July 20, 1988.

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During the Shah/Pahlavi Dynasty, women had taken leaps in civil rights. Iran's first university accepted men and women, women gained suffrage and the right to run for Parliament, and women gained the rights to divorce and gain child custody. Come 1978, there were 22 women in Parliament and 333 in local councils, 1/3 of the university populations were female, and two million women were working. All of this changed, of course, with the Iranian Revolution. When the Shah was overthrown. All women who were then in office were removed, and laws concerning family matters now only gave rights to males. All women were forced to wear the hijab in public. While women could still establish themselves in government, it was extremely rare, and jobs given to females usually fit stereotypes.