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Ferdinand and Isabella chose Catholicism to unite Spain and in 1478 asked permission of the pope to begin the Spanish Inquisition to purify the people of Spain. They began by driving out Jews, Protestants and other non-believers. It was important chiefly because it established a tradition of religious coercion in the late medieval Western church that was inherited by both Catholics and Protestants in the 16th century.

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The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic, political and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages. It was important because the level of artistic and architectural production during this time was astounding, so much so that centuries later works produced during the Renaissance continue to capture the public's imagination.

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The Western Schism, also called Papal Schism, Great Occidental Schism and Schism of 1378, was a split within the Catholic Church lasting from 1378 to 1417 in which two, since 1410 even three, men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope, having excommunicated one another. It was important because the Great Schism was the formal break of communion between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.

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The black plague was carried by fleas that usually traveled on rats, but jumped off to other mammals when the rat died and was the biggest epidemic in human history. It was important because it killed an estimated 75 to 200 million people in Eurasia and peaking in Europe from 1347 to 1351.

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The Hundred Years War was a long struggle between England and France over succession to the French throne. It was important because Bordeaux surrendered, and this left Calais as the last English possesser in France.

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Hundreds of years before American colonists revolted against the crown, rebel nobles in England drafted the Magna Carta to curtail the power of their own tyrannical monarch–King John. The Magna Carta was important because it brought an end to the absolute power of English sovereigns as they, too, were required to be held accountable by the law

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The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III. The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem, by first conquering the powerful Egyptian Ayyubid Sultanate, the strongest Muslim nation of the time. It was important because the Crusaders of Western Europe invaded and sacked the Christian (Eastern Orthodox) city of Constantinople, capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire).

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The Third Crusade was an attempt by the leaders of the three most powerful states of Western Christianity to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan, Saladin, in 1187. This was important because the Third Crusade shows the beginnings of a Latin re-conquest and a Western pathway into the Holy Land.

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The Second Crusade was announced by Pope Eugene III, and was the first of the crusades to be led by European kings, namely Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany, with help from a number of other European nobles. It was important because the defeat had caused so much pain for the Christians that many believed that God was no longer on their side and so many Christians lost their faith. In conclusion, to a very large degree, the Second Crusade was a failure. Edessa, the main reason behind the crusade was lost and they failed to reclaim it.

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The First Crusade was the first of a number of crusades that attempted to recapture the Holy Land, called for by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095. It was important because Jerusalem was captured in the First Crusade.

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Feudalism is the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him labor in exchange for military protection. This was important because it helped give some government to a non-government run society.

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Since the Vikings were not Christian, monasteries were favorite targets of these raiders for the loot that could be found within their walls. This made Europe a target. This is important because the vikings caused feudalism to happen.

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Charlemagne crowned holy roman emperor(800)

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Charlemagne crowned holy roman emperor(800)

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Charlemagne was crowned holy roman emperor due to the pope not being able to fend of his enemies in the city. This was significant because this made him the most powerful ruler of his time.

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Charlemagne, or Charles I, was one of the great leaders of the Middle Ages. He was King of the Franks. For Charlemagne, it was important because it helped to give him greater credibility.

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The Roman Empire was then post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization. They fell because germanic tribes were driven to the boarder of Rome and attacked. This is important because the Romans created many inventions and when they feel, those inventions stopped improving