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Indonesia target 23% renewable Power on the Electric  Grid 2050

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Indonesia target 23% renewable Power on the Electric  Grid 2050

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Indonesia is determined to reduce its use of conventional fossil fuels and continues to promote new and renewable sources of energy and increase share of renewables in its energy mix to 23 percent by 2025.

According to Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) Ignasius Jonan, the government is poised to achieve its target of increasing the share of renewables in its energy mix use by 23 percent for electricity and transportation in 2025.

"Indonesia is resolved to increasing its energy mix to 23 percent in 2025 in line with its commitment to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions it had made during the COP 21 conference in Paris in 2015," Jonan stated on Wednesday (Jan 25).

Indonesia has planned to reduce its emissions by 26 percent by 2020 and 29 percent by 2030.

To achieve this target, Research, Technology and High Education Ministry (Kemristekdikti) has been urged to encourage research and development on new and renewable forms of energy in a bid to support the governments efforts to achieve the 23 percent energy mix target by 2025.

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Energy situation in Indonesia OVERVIEW: Over the last two centuries, energy needs have skyrocketed dramatically, especially because of the transportation and industry sectors. Worsld’s future economic growth is heavily dependent upon energy and electricity use .Depleting reserves and high prices for oil have had a significant effect on the role of oil in the energy mix. Within the next 20 years, the energy mix will still be dominated by fossil energy meaning that environmental problems will still be faced in the future .If business continues as usual, fossil fuels dominates, constituting 90% of demand until 2020. Indonesia still depends on fossil fuels, especially oil .Worse than the world figure for dominance of fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal) – World: about 90%; Indonesia: about 97% . However, fossil fuel is polluting and their reserves are limited and are close to exhaustion thus Indonesia is facing a major energy crisis. CAUSES OF ENERGY CRISIS: Overconsumption: The current consumption model relies almost entirely on the use of non-renewable energy sources such as oil, gas, coal and uranium. At the current rate of consumption, oil will be the first fossil fuel to run out. Overpopulation: These data are to be put into perspective because they are based on current consumption, while it is clear that it will increase considerably. Energy demands are and will be amplified by the demographic - the world’s population should reach nearly 10 billion people in 2050 - and economic boom of growing areas. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), global energy demand could increase by more than 50% by 2030 in the absence of public policies in this area. Aging infrastructure: Another reason for energy shortage is the poor infrastructure of power generating equipment. Most of energy producing companies keep on using outdated equipments that limits energy production. The need to upgrade the infrastructure and set a high standard of performance is critical. Energy waste: Mainly coming from the unnecessary use of energy resources, energy waste describes the wastage of energy sources, in particular fuels and electricity. Consequently, the reduction of waste is a colossal source of energy savings, which requires actions both on an individual and collective level. EFFECTS OF ENERGY CRISIS: Environmental: The massive use of traditional energy sources leads - among other things - to the increase of greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide (CO2), resulting in global warming and harming the environment and biodiversity. Therefore, the energy crisis is closely linked to the environmental crisis. Economic and socio political: Energy security is one of the major concerns of the main economic centers of the planet. In fact, energy conditions the possibility of growth, which is essential to the market economy and its development model. The energy crisis could thus have a dramatic impact on the global economy. Besides, when energy markets fail, an energy shortage develops. Energy shortages and resulting economic factors may create socio-political issues. ENERGY CRISIS SOLUTIONS: Energy transition to renewable energy sources: Unlike fossil fuels, some energy sources are totally renewable, and do not emit greenhouse gases. These clean and sustainable alternative energy solutions include solar energy, hydropower, wind energy, geothermal energy and biomass energy. Energy efficiency and conservation: In order to prevent an energy crisis, it is also crucial that we consume less energy by improving and modernising energy infrastructure such as smart grid solutions, and smart cities. It is also important that we replace old devices by energy efficient solutions, such as replacing traditional light bulbs by LEDs. Policies by the Indonesian government: The Indonesia government established an energy policy to secure a reliable and secure supply of energy for domestic needs Indonesian government aims at ♦ Guarantee energy availability for domestic need ♦ Improve quality services ♦ Guarantee long term sustainability of energy supply ♦ Guarantee energy for export purposes ♦ Conserve and preserve the environment „ Four pillars of Indonesian government policy ♦ Energy diversification • Efficient energy use ♦ Energy price ♦ Environment Energy Diversification in Transportation Sector : The transportation sector is very important . From 2010, the transportation sector will dominate energy demand .This will become exacerbated by 2020. Transportation technology is geared towards oil-based technologies If nothing is done in this sector, dependency on oil will remain high in the future Accordingly, major efforts have been made to use: • CNG and LPG in cars • Electricity for train systems • Renewable energy sources, e.g. castor oil (program recently launched by the government) Energy Diversification in Electricity Sector: In the past 15 years, Indonesia has succeeded in reducing the use of oil in the electricity sector from 77% in 1980 to 21% in 1998, by • Building coal power plants • Building natural gas power plants (including combined cycle technology) • Building more geothermal power plants • Privatization with application of legislation that petrol should not be used CONCLUSION: ♦ The Indonesian energy sector is still heavily dependent on non-renewable fuel such as fossil fuels and natural gas as a source of energy ♦ These non-renewable fuels are finite and gradually depleting and also contribute to the emission of greenhouse gas ♦ The implementation of various policies and programs by the government of Indonesia has increased the awareness of the importance of the role of renewable energy in a sustainable energy system ♦ For the Indonesian archipelago, the energy solution really depends on its geographical position and natural resources ENERGY MIX OF INDONESIA

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Indonesia says it’s unlikely to meet renewable energy targets it set after Paris Climate Agre

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Indonesia says it’s unlikely to meet renewable energy targets it set after Paris Climate Agre

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Indonesia Struggles to Meet Renewable Energy Target

November 29, 2018 4:00 PM
Amanda Siddharta
FILE - Indonesian Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Ignasius Jonan gestures during an interview at his office in Jakarta, Aug. 22, 2017.
FILE - Indonesian Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Ignasius Jonan gestures during an interview at his office in Jakarta, Aug. 22, 2017.
Indonesia says it is unlikely to meet renewable energy targets it set after the Paris climate agreement, causing critics to call for changes in government policy.

At the recent Indonesia Clean Energy Forum (ICEF) in Jakarta, Indonesian Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Ignasius Jonan said he is pessimistic Indonesia will be able to meet its target of having 23 percent of its energy come from renewables such as solar and wind by 2025.

“I’m worried we can’t reach 23 percent. Maybe we will try until 20 percent more or less,” Jonan said

According to Fabby Tumiwa, the executive director of Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR), Jonan’s statement reflected the current condition where development of renewable energy is stalling. In July, President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo launched two wind power plants in Indonesia, a 75 Megawatt plant in Sidrap and a 70 Megawatt plant in Jeneponto, both in South Sulawesi.

But even then, renewable energy is only 13 percent of the total electricity produced in the country, mainly from geothermal and hydro. “And for the last three years, there hasn’t been a new and significant project for renewable energy that is being developed,” Tumiwa told VOA.

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Indonesia says it is unlikely to meet renewable energy targets it set after the Paris climate agreement, causing critics to call for changes in government policy.

At the recent Indonesia Clean Energy Forum (ICEF) in Jakarta, Indonesian Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Ignasius Jonan said he is pessimistic Indonesia will be able to meet its target of having 23 percent of its energy come from renewables such as solar and wind by 2025.

"I'm worried we can't reach 23 percent. Maybe we will try until 20 percent more or less," Jonan said

According to Fabby Tumiwa, the executive director of Institute for Essential Services Reform (IESR), Jonan's statement reflected the current condition where development of renewable energy is stalling. In July, President Joko "Jokowi" Widodo launched two wind power plants in Indonesia, a 75 Megawatt plant in Sidrap and a 70 Megawatt plant in Jeneponto, both in South Sulawesi.

But even then, renewable energy is only 13 percent of the total electricity produced in the country, mainly from geothermal and hydro. "And for the last three years, there hasn't been a new and significant project for renewable energy that is being developed," Tumiwa told VOA.

Perception as hindrance
Tumiwa said renewable energy is still perceived as more expensive because of the intermittent nature of solar and wind power plants.

"That is actually not the case," he added.

According to the data from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, up until the third quarter of 2018, investment in renewable energy in Indonesia was only $1.16 billion, a decrease from $1.34 billion in 2017 and $1.57 billion in 2016.

"The number shows that the renewable energy sector is not lucrative for investors," said Tumiwa.

Dependence on coal

More than 80 percent of the energy mix in Indonesia comes from fossil fuels, with coal power plants still the main source of electricity. Based on the Brown to Green Report published by Climate Transparency, Indonesia's state-owned utility expects coal use to double from 2017 to 2025.

Adhityani Putri, the founder of Center for Energy Research Asia (CERA), said in its commitment to the Paris Agreement, Indonesia has already taken into account the plan to build a 35 Megawatt coal power plant in its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) on top of the 23 percent renewable energy target.

"So it has already incorporated the fact that it would be adding a lot of coal in the next 10 years to the system," she told VOA.

According to Putri, coal power plants have become an established business process in the last two decades. "The players are known, they are comfortable with the risks. Many people benefited from the supply chains, from coal miners to the middlemen. And finally the banks are comfortable with financing coals, they don't understand renewables, they know coal," she added.

Putri argued that renewable energy would be cheaper even though the technology costs a little more than conventional plants. But the government put a cap on coal prices through its Domestic Market Obligation (DMO)."And on policy, the government created policies as if renewables and fossil fuels are on the same level playing field, they are not. The characteristics of both markets are different, one is transportable while (renewable energy) is site specific and more on the smaller and medium scale," she said adding that without policies that can accommodate growth on renewable, it would be hard to attract investors and business proponents in the sector.

5,000 Megawatt per year
Tumiwa asserted the Indonesian government needs to accelerate the development of renewable energy and add 35 Gigawatts to its energy mix by 2025.

"Of course if we only add 800 to 1000 Megawatts (of renewables) per year it won't be enough. At least we need to grow 4,000 to 5,000 Megawatts per year to meet the 23 percent target," he added.

Last week, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources issued a ministerial decree no. 49/2018 on rooftop solar power plant systems to encourage people to install the system in exchange for reduced electricity fees.

Tumiwa lauded the effort but expressed skepticism on how far it can encourage the public to invest on solar rooftop. "We did a survey two months ago and found out the potential for solar rooftop in Indonesia is about 13 percent. This equals to 4.5 million household. But these early followers would invest only if they can get the benefit," he said.

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голос америки

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Indonesia Struggles to Meet Renewable Energy Target

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Indonesia says it is unlikely to meet renewable energy targets it set after the Paris climate agreement, causing critics to call for changes in government policy. At the recent Indonesia Clean Energy Forum (ICEF) in Jakarta, Indonesian Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Ignasius Jonan said he is pessimistic Indonesia will be able to meet its target of having 23 percent of its energy come from renewables such as solar and wind by 2025.

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The total power generation in Indonesia is around 55 GW. Around 30 GW has been installed by the utility PLN. The remaining consists largely of captive power for the manufacturing industry. Diesel generators account for approximately 60 % of captive power capacity, while cogeneration plants provide approximately 25%. The share of 80% from the 30GW are coming from oil, gas, and coal, 18% from hydropower, and 2% from geothermal. However, hydro and geothermal power plants generate a higher share of the electricity as the capacity of the other plants is not fully used. Electricity makes around 10% of of the total energy consumption. About 80% of the electricity is consumed on Java and Bali alone. In recent years consumption of electricity has increased by 7 per cent annually. It is calculated that for every 1 percent increase in GDP the energy demand increases by 1.6 percent until year of 2020. Indonesia has failed to meet this demand growth with adequate system investments which has resulted in increased frequency and duration of power outages which prove costly to local industries. These factors have sharply put the need for diversification of supplies into focus and Indonesia has an ambitious plan for renewable energy and in parallel are advancing plans for the use of nuclear energy

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Saleh said that today Indonesia can only supply 210 watts of electricity to one person. This amount is lower than the standard of 500 watts per person. It also means that it is impossible for the industrial sector to grow anytime soon.

This situation will make investors rethink about investing in Indonesia, where the GDP need against the industrial sector is quite large. Ideally, he said, the industrial sector contributes 30 to 40 percent to the GDP.

Most of our neighboring countries have the minimum standard of installed power supply to citizens. Malaysia can supply 982 watts of electricity per person, which is more than enough to develop the country's industrial sector. Thailand supplies 802 watts for each citizen while Singapore supplies 2,028 watts to one person.

Indonesia must patch this power supply shortage. According to Saleh, Indonesia still needs 10 Giga watts of electricity per year, an amount that requires millions of tons of coal.

Saleh estimated that it takes at least four million tons of coal to produce 1 Giga watt of electricity per year. However, coal is known to be one of the major causes to earth's environmental damages; it pollutes the air and ground water.

The minister suggests using thorium, which is also known as green nuclear, as an alternative to energy source. Thorium is radioactive waste that has seen little use. It only takes about 7 tons of thorium to produce 1 Giga watts of electricity per year.

Indonesia currently has 140,000 tons of thorium supply. This amount can meet the energy needs for a thousand years and can supply the world's energy needs.
AVIT HIDAYAT

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Indonesia Will Face Energy Crisis by 2020, Minister Says

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Saleh said that today Indonesia can only supply 210 watts of electricity to one person. This amount is lower than the standard of 500 watts per person. It also means that it is impossible for the industrial sector to grow anytime soon.

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The Earth's heat-called geothermal energy-escapes as steam at a hot springs in Nevada. Credit: Sierra Pacific

Geothermal energy is the heat from the Earth. It's clean and sustainable. Resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the Earth's surface, and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma.

Almost everywhere, the shallow ground or upper 10 feet of the Earth's surface maintains a nearly constant temperature between 50° and 60°F (10° and 16°C). Geothermal heat pumps can tap into this resource to heat and cool buildings. A geothermal heat pump system consists of a heat pump, an air delivery system (ductwork), and a heat exchanger-a system of pipes buried in the shallow ground near the building. In the winter, the heat pump removes heat from the heat exchanger and pumps it into the indoor air delivery system. In the summer, the process is reversed, and the heat pump moves heat from the indoor air into the heat exchanger. The heat removed from the indoor air during the summer can also be used to provide a free source of hot water.