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This is quite useful it shows how various young groups voted in the last election.

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Young voters, class and turnout: how Britain voted in 2017

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The 2017 general election was swung by young voters and high turnout according to the Ipsos Mori How Britain Voted survey

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Greg
This article shows in a clear format how different age groups voted in past elections.

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YouGov conducts one of Britain's biggest ever post-election surveys to chart how the nation's political character is shifting

Since last week's election result YouGov has interview over 50,000 British adults to gather more information on how Britain voted. This is part of one of the biggest surveys ever undertaken into British voting behaviour, and is the largest yet that asks people how they actually cast their ballots in the 2017 election.

The bigger sample size allows us to break the results down to a much more granular level and see how different groups and demographics voted on Thursday.

Age

In electoral terms, age seems to be the new dividing line in British politics. The starkest way to show this is to note that, amongst first time voters (those aged 18 and 19), Labour was forty seven percentage points ahead. Amongst those aged over 70, the Conservatives had a lead of fifty percentage points.

In fact, for every 10 years older a voter is, their chance of voting Tory increases by around nine points and the chance of them voting Labour decreases by nine points. The tipping point, that is the age at which a voter is more likely to have voted Conservative than Labour, is now 47 - up from 34 at the start of the campaign.

Despite an increase in in youth turnout, young people are still noticeably less likely to vote than older people. While 57% of 18 and 19 year-olds voted last week, for those aged 70+ the figure was 84%.

Class

As noted at the start of the campaign, the class divide in British politics seems to have closed and it is no longer a very good indicator of voting intention. Despite dramatic voter movements towards Labour over the past few weeks this theme has held reasonably consistent: Labour is now 4% behind amongst ABC1 voters and 2% behind amongst C2DE voters.

The picture is a bit more mixed if we split this out further, with Labour doing best amongst DE voters (semi-skilled and unskilled manual occupations, unemployed people and those in the lowest grade occupations) and the Tories doing best amongst C2 voters (skilled manual occupations).

Education

Alongside age, education has become one of the key electoral demographic dividing lines. We saw it was a huge factor in the EU referendum campaign and, after the last general election, we made sure we accounted for educational qualifications in our methodology. In last week's vote, while the Conservatives' support decreases the more educated a voter is, the opposite was true for Labour and the Lib Dems.

Amongst those with low educational qualifications (defined as GCSE or equivalent or below) the Conservatives beat Labour by 22%. However amongst those with high level educational qualifications (defined as degree-level or above) Labour led by 17 percentage points. Part of this relationship is down to age - the expansion of education means that, on average, the young have more qualifications than the old, although the Conservatives still have a "graduate problem" even after accounting for this.

Gender

There was only a small gender gap between men and women, with women being equally split between Labour and the Conservatives (43% to 43%), and men slightly more likely to have backed the Tories (45% to 39%).

Employment status

Given the importance of age and voting it is not surprising that there is also a link between people's employment status and who they cast their ballot for. The Conservatives are 39 points ahead amongst retirees and Labour are 45 points ahead amongst full-time students.

Labour is in fact ahead amongst those in work: 4 points ahead amongst those working part time and 6 points ahead amongst those working full time, illustrating how the Conservatives are increasingly relying on the grey retired vote.

Newspaper

Beyond standard demographics, our data also shows a wide variation in voting behaviours based on the newspapers people read. The most pro-Conservative newspapers are the broadsheet Telegraph (+67), but also the "blue-top" Express (+62) and Daily Mail (+57).

The most pro-Labour newspapers are the Guardian (+65), the now fully-online Independent (+51), and the Daily Mirror (+49). This is based on the newspaper that respondents say they read "most often".

Photo: PA
See the full results here

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How Britain voted at the 2017 general election | YouGov

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YouGov conducts one of Britain's biggest ever post-election surveys to chart how the nation's political character is shifting

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Greg
An article from mid-2015 but still relevant. I like the way it breaks things down in a modern way to appeal to young voters.

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What are Party leaders promising students in May?

The Labour, Conservative, Liberal Democrat and Green Parties have released their manifestos and we've been going through them to see what they are committing to that will affect the lives of students. We've put together the key areas in the Party manifestos that we have campaigned for this year:

Find out more

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The Labour, Conservative, Liberal Democrat and Green Parties have released their manifestos and we've been going through them to see what they are committing to that will affect the lives of students.

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Greg
I found this video with people giving opinion and advice on why young people should vote.
I thought this would be useful to break up the presentation.
It's Southampton based but meets the criteria of our project.

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Why Should Young People Vote? The General Election with Solent TV

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This looks like a great article to use. the way the data is laid out will be useful for our resource.
Thanks.

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This shows how young people made a difference particularly to Labour

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Posing for selfies and winning the backing of grime music stars all played a part in Labour's surge among young voters.

Teenagers and those in their twenties have traditionally been regarded as the least engaged and least likely to participate in elections.

However, a surge in the youth vote has been hailed as a defining feature in the 2017 General Election - with Jeremy Corbyn being the main beneficiary.

Early reports suggest that turnout among young voters was exceptionally high - with 72 per cent of 18-25 voters choosing to cast their votes according to one poll.

Corbyn had long been credited with attracting young voters in his own party. Under his tenure, Labour membership had surged.

During the 2015 General Election, membership stood at 201,000 - but last year the membership peaked at 554,000 swelled by many attracted to Corbyn's idealistic vision.

Attracting enthusiastic crowds and mobilising many people through social media, Corbyn's team have been keen to captialise on their leader's popularity.

Unlikely combinations such as #grimeforCorbyn and endorsements from music artist such as Stormzy and JME helped Labour raise hit people whom political parties had previously struggle to reach. The Labour leader's inspirational rhetoric and endless patience for selfies also helped pave the way for greater youth engagement.

Meanwhile, Labour's policy has focussed on issues likely to attract the youth vote - including a promise to eliminate university tuition fees.

And early signs from yesterday point to the youth vote being geared in the party's favour.

A poll by Sky News indicated that 63 per cent of voters surveyed aged 18-34 voted for Labour, while only 27 per cent of those in that age group voted for Conservative.

Among those aged 35-54, the parties were split with 43 per cent support for each one.

And among the older voters aged 55 and over, 59 per cent favoured the Conservatives and 23 per cent Labour.

And in Greater Manchester, Labour MPs credited a surge in popularity among younger voters for helping consolidate and strengthen their majorities.

Sir David Crausby, who retained Bolton North East, commented: "It was good to see the vote was up and the turn out was up. It's good to see lots of young people getting involved in politics.

"That's the the major reason why the majority went up to 22,000."

And Lucy Powell - who had previously resigned from Jeremy Corbyn's shadow cabinet - also credited the party leader for revitalising the youth vote.

In her victory speech, she said: "She [Theresa May] called the election when she had nothing to say, nothing to offer the country.

"In contrast, the Labour Party and Jeremy Corbyn offered people hope for the future and change - and enthused young people, including here in Manchester."

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How young people made the difference in the election

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Posing for selfies and winning the backing of grime music stars all played a part in Labour's surge among young voters. Teenagers and those in their twenties have traditionally been regarded as the least engaged and least likely to participate in elections.

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This article suggest that the young vote could have been better

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A surge in youth turnout has often been cited as the reason for Labour's unexpectedly strong performance in the 2017 election. The trouble is, it seems there was no such "youthquake", write members of the British Election Study team.

After the surprise of the Conservatives losing their majority in the June 2017 general election, people started looking for an explanation.

One theory quickly came to prominence: Jeremy Corbyn had enthused previously disengaged young voters, who turned out in droves to vote Labour.

Certainly, Mr Corbyn appears to be popular with young people - he is often pictured surrounded by young supporters and that summer's Glastonbury Festival echoed to chants of "Oh, Jeremy Corbyn".

Opinion polls lent weight to the idea - one polling organisation suggested that turnout among 18 to 24-year-olds went up by as much as 16 percentage points, another suggested an increase of 12 points.

The youth mobilisation explanation came to be seen as a fact and the Oxford English Dictionary even declared "youthquake" - a political awakening among millennial voters - its word of the year.

But we now know there was no surge in youth turnout.

Since 1964, the gold standard measure of electoral behaviour in Britain has been the British Election Study's face-to-face survey.

Newly released results using this data show that there was very little change in turnout by age group between the 2015 and 2017 elections.

Younger voters were still much less likely to vote, older voters much more so.

The graph below shows the predicted probability of turning out in the election, by age.

Among the youngest voters, the margin of error means that we cannot rule out a small increase - or decrease - in 2017.

In both years, turnout among the youngest voters was between 40% and 50%.

That there was no surge in youth turnout should probably not be as surprising as it is.

Everything we know about turnout suggests that voting is "sticky" - most people who vote in one election will go on to vote at subsequent elections, and most people who abstain will continue to do so.

We also know that older people are more likely to vote than young people - something that has always been the case in Britain and other countries.

Overall turnout did go up in 2017, but only by 2.5 percentage points.

All of this suggests that large, sudden, and unexpected shifts in the age-turnout relationship are very unlikely.

The idea that there was a surge in youth turnout may reflect a belief that politicians achieve success because of what they set out to do.

In this case, increasing youth turnout was part of Mr Corbyn's political strategy.

As Labour did unexpectedly well, it was not unreasonable to form the view that the strategy paid off.

In a sense it did: Labour was more popular among young people than old people in 2017 and its share of the youth vote did increase.

But winning the support of more of the young people who vote is not the same as a surge in youth turnout.

It is also worth pointing out that in 2017 Labour's popularity increased among all ages, except for those over 70.

Among older age groups there was also a big shift in the probability of voting Conservative, as many UKIP voters switched following the Brexit referendum.

Another reason the idea of a surge in youth turnout took hold is that the constituency-level data appeared to support the claim.

However, drawing conclusions about the behaviour of individuals from this bigger picture is risky.

We can see this at work with the change in turnout between 2015 and 2017.

Turnout did go up in constituencies with more young voters.

For every percentage point increase in 18 to 29-year-olds living in a constituency, turnout went up by 0.1 percentage points compared with 2015.

However, this relationship is not as straightforward as it appears.

For every percentage point increase in nought to four-year-olds living in a constituency, turnout went up by 0.9 percentage points.

Few people, it is probably safe to say, think that turnout went up in 2017 because of a sudden surge in the number of toddlers voting.

What this relationship is showing, of course, is not that turnout went up among toddlers, but that turnout went up in the sorts of places with lots of toddlers.

The same is true of the relationship between the number of young adults and turnout.

There was a slight increase in turnout in the sorts of places with lots of young adults.

But it was not necessarily those young adults doing the extra turning out.

So how did people get it so wrong?

One reason is that measuring turnout in surveys is tricky - and people who don't vote also tend to be more reluctant to take part in them.

This means we can end up with too many voters in surveys, which become insufficiently representative of the general population as a result.

Second, some people will tell you they voted when they actually didn't.

Third, many surveys are conducted over the phone or internet, again attracting more people who are likely to vote.

The British Election Study face-to-face survey is designed to be as representative of the country as possible - including people who didn't vote in the election.

People are chosen randomly from thousands of addresses across the country and doors are knocked until as many of those selected as possible participate.

And people's survey answers about turnout are verified by the checks against the marked electoral register.

Of course, the BES face-to-face survey isn't perfect, but the results are as close to the truth about who turned out to vote as we can get.

About this piece

This analysis piece was commissioned by the BBC from experts working for an outside organisation.

Dr Chris Prosser, Prof Ed Fieldhouse, Prof Jane Green, Dr Jon Mellon (all University of Manchester), and Prof Geoff Evans (University of Oxford) are members of the British Election Study Team.

The British Election Study has carried out studies of voter behaviour at every election for the past 50 years and is funded by the Economic and Social Research Council.

The 2017 BES face-to-face surveyed 2,194 people, of which 1,475 had their votes validated. The 2015 BES face-to-face surveyed 2,987 people and validated 1,974.

Charts produced by Tom Calver

Edited by Duncan Walker

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The myth of the 2017 'youthquake' election

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How the surge in youth turnout often cited as key to Labour's success didn't really happen.

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This provides a good alternative viewpoint which explains why this project is necessary. Thanks Greg.

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Some good statistics here to show how the UK voted

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As we have for every general election since 1979, Ipsos MORI has produced estimates of how the voters voted in 2017.

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Some great stuff here Greg. Statistics always looks good. But don't use too many of them as people can become overwhelmed. Some really good research though

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Within the multimedia we could all use a video, an image and bold text to make an impact on young voters.

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Colour and animation also works well. Keeps the concentration levels there. Not too much blocks of text though. You are right about video and images though and the important parts highlighted.

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Great, thanks David.
Some really great input. I can move forward and use the elements highlighted to create a great multimedia.

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A referendum is a vote on a single issue.

Each referendum has different rules on who can vote in it.

To vote in a referendum you must:

be registered to vote

be 18 or over on the day of the referendum ('polling day')

be a British, Irish or Commonwealth citizen

be resident at an address in the UK or Gibraltar (or a British citizen living abroad who has been registered to vote in the UK in the last 15 years)

not be legally excluded from voting

You make one choice between 2 options. Votes are counted for the whole of the UK, not by constituency.

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Types of election, referendums, and who can vote

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A referendum is a vote on a single issue. Each referendum has different rules on who can vote in it.