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A solution that shows a range of colours as then pH changes, so it can be used to find the pH of a particular solution

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A substance that has different colours in low and high pH solutions. This can be used to differentiate between an acid and an alkali but cannot distinguish between acids/alkali of different pH

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Resists change in pH as small amounts of acid and alkali are added

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There is a small amount of acid/base dissolved in a set volume of water

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There is a large amount of acid/base dissolved in a set volume of water

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One that as equal amounts of moles(hence equal conc.) of each substance

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A reversible reaction were the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, so the quantities of each substance stays the same

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The slowest step in a reaction mechanism

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The minimum amount of energy required for a collision to be successful

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Sudden stopping/slowing of a chemical reaction to allow for analysis to occur without the reaction proceeding any further. It is usually undertaken by cooling and diluting, such as by adding the sample to iced water

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Catalysts that are in a different physical state from the reactants

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Catalysts that are in same physical state as the reactants

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Substances which increase the rate of a chemical reaction by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy

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Is a metal that possesses a partially filled d sub-shell in its atom or stable ion

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The group of elements rose outer electrons are found in d-orbitals

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One in which the same element is both oxidised and reduced, forming products containing the element in 2 different oxidation states

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Materials react with acids and bases

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The ability of some atoms to use d-orbitals to have more tan 8 electrons in their valence shell

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The tendency of the s² pair of electrons in an atom to stay paired leading to a lower oxidation state

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A piece of apparatus that connects the solutions in 2 half-cells so that the circuit can be complete and the current can flow without the solutions mixing

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A species that reduces another species, and itself oxidised in the process

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A species that oxidises another species, and itself reduced in the process