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China civil war
Nationalists vs Communists
C = Mao Zedong N = Chiang Kai Shek
"The Long March"
industrial growth
bad treatment of people by gov.
China becomes Communist

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steep decline and tremendous debt
"sick man of Europe"
political change
young ottomans / young turks
collapsed in the end

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steep decline and remendous

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only successful slave revolt
France vs Britain + Spain
Toussaint L'Ouverture

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China
primitive communism
Heavenly Kingdom
civil war
china turned into a republic

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no respect for creoles
class antagonism
resulted in Independence

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Nicholas II - not a good ruler
St. Petersburg
Vladimir Lenin - peace, land, bread
February Revolution
Bolshevik

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Feudal lords
weak economy
banned trade with western countries
in Japan

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women felt discriminated against - revolted
waves
Women's Suffrage Association
pink tax / #metoo

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Colonies were upset at British government
George Washington, Paul Revere, Thomas Jefferson
Sugar ACT (etc.)
Taxation without representation
Boston Massacre
Treaty of Paris - finalized the end and brought independence
Continental Congress - Independence

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Established on Phillippine Islands
tried to convert people in China to catholicism

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British and Dutch overtook Portuguese in IO commerce
Dutch = monopoly of SPICE islands
British = found trade in India
(3 main trading posts: Bombay, Calcutta, Madras)

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Britain
Spain
Russia
Portugal
( French + Dutch = important also )

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they relied on other people
(natives were not immune)
did not rule for very long compared to other places

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europe was the the center
creation of modern society (industrialism)
rewrote geography
more powerful than everyone else
scholars were against eurocentrism

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William Harvey = blood//heart/circulation

Adam smith = capitalism (supply and demand)

Nicolaus Copernicus = sun at the center

Andreas Vesalius = human anatomy / dissections

Francis Bacon = one variable / scientific method

Isaac Netwon = physics/inertia/gravity

John Locke = constitutional government

Immanuel Kant = critical + personal thinking

Rene Descartes = geometry
Johannes Kepler = formed 3 laws of planetary motion

Galileo Galilei = compass/thermometer/improved telescope

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Jesuits were Catholic missionaries sent out during the Counter Reformation to Latin America and China

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political/human thinking
philosophical

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Martin Luther broke away from the Catholic Church and started the protestant religion
(FAITH ALONE)

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Started in the 16th century
new ways of thinking - contradicted the church
observations, experiments, laws
changed how people saw the role of humans on earth

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human thoughts
"humanist"

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Nicolaus Copernicus started the scientific revolution
people believed the earth was the center of the universe
he realized it was the sun
challenged the church

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The Catholic church's response to the Protestant Reformation by fixing problems that started reformation

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there is a limited amount of wealth in the world : competition to get it

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16 million Africans were taken from their homes
4 million died
90% were taken to Caribbean / Brazil (sugar)

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came from Potosi mine
Spanish were trying to get rich
originated in Spain
ended up in China

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indigenous people help countries get fur
in return, they got guns, technology, alcohol
people moved to america to find fur (high demand)

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Trading Post Empire - control of Indian Ocean trade through arms instead of economic competition
failed to control SPICE trade of Indian Ocean

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expanded on adjacent areas constructed the world's largest territorial empire

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Natives were not immune to European diseases

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European nations come to the Americas for space
racial blending
social hierarchy
slaves because they needed people to grow crops in the new world

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horse, ox buffalo - old to new
transportation

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Potatoes came from new world to old world
(high fiber - longer lives and repopulation)
sugar was grown Caribbean Islands/Brazil
cotton originated in NA

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started in Brazil / Caribbean
horrible conditions
sugar and cotton

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empire building in Caribbean
conquered Aztec/Inca lands
established social order (men married native women)
silver / gold mining

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dominated world market for sugar
SUGAR in Brazil / Caribbean

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last power to establish in Americas
Puritans
Quakers
no slaves needed
not much racial blending

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China has everything they need
other places need them

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starts exchange from one continent to another
caused a massive population increase
biological singularity

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agriculture and trade // igbo = "no kings "

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larger than Aztecs
gender parallelism
physical labor
quipus - recorded births / deaths

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great irrigation because of basin geography social hierarchy, calendars, horrific human sacrifice
capital = Tenochtitlan (powerful conquerors)

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hunting and gathering societies; no permanent homes = "nomads"

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Part 5 The European Moment in WH (1750-1914) 

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Part 5 The European Moment in WH (1750-1914) 

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Ch. 15 Cultural Transformations - Religion and Science (1450-1750) 

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Ch. 15 Cultural Transformations - Religion and Science (1450-1750) 

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Ch. 14 Economic Transformations - Commerce and Consequence (1450-1750) 

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Ch. 14 Economic Transformations - Commerce and Consequence (1450-1750) 

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Ch. 13 Political Transformations - Empires and Encounters (1450-1750) 

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Ch. 13 Political Transformations - Empires and Encounters (1450-1750) 

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Ch. 12 The Worlds of the 15th Century  (1345-1526) 

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Ch. 12 The Worlds of the 15th Century  (1345-1526) 