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When an allele or genotype in a gene pool where the frequency doesn't change every generation.
ex: Mutations disrupt genetic equilibrium.

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The loss of genetic variation due the formation of a small population ex: Small communities like the Amish experience the founder effect

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A sudden reduction of a population to due to an event
ex: Endangered species experience the bottleneck effect often after being hunted.

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Change in the frequency of different genotypes due people not reproducing or genes dying off.
ex: The founder effect is a prime example of genetic drift.

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A form of natural selection where the extremes are chosen over the average in population
ex: The peppered moth is an example of disruptive selection.

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A form of natural selection where extreme phenotypes become popular overtime
ex: The finches Charles Darwin studied reflects directional selection.

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A trait controlled by more than one gene
ex: Polygenic traits are sometimes called phenotypes.

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A trait controlled by only one  gene
ex: A widow's peak is an example of a single- gene trait.

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The rate that a specific allele shows up in a gene pool.
ex: The allele frequency in Eva's tribe is 45%

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All gene's within a groups population
ex:A small gene pool reduces variation.

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Structures that have a similar function but do not share a common ancestor
ex: The wing of a bird and the wings of butterfly are analogous structures

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Structures that come from a common ancestor but has lost most of it's original appearance and function
ex: Wisdom teeth are a vestigal structure in humans.

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Structures that have similarities shared by species and inherited from a common ancestor
ex: The arm of human and the wing of a bird are homologous structures.

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The study of where organisms live versus where they lived before.
ex: Darwin used biogeography to prove his theory of evolution.

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The process by which organisms with adaptations have a higher fitness
ex: Animals resistant to certain disease are the only ones left due to natural selection.

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An organisms ability to survive and reproduce.
ex: Organisms with adaptation will most likely have a higher fitness.

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A characteristic that allows an organism to become more fit.
ex: Camouflage is an adaptation used by many reptiles.

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Selection caused by human interference.
ex: Selective breeding is an example where farmers use natural selection.

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Parts of an organism preserved over time.
ex: Insects often becomes fossils when they get stuck in amber.

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A change in a species overtime
ex: Birds beaks evolve overtime to adapt to the environment.