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It is quite accurate and generally a painless technique, which lets doctor diagnose diseases in their earlier stages.

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Krishna, what were some of the bad effets after nuclear bomb explosion in hiroshima-nagasaki?

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Krishna, what is your article about?

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Ok Raj so how it is different from other branches of pharmacy?

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it was one of the deadliest attack ever happened. There was not any human life there after the explosion. Even there was not any type of fungus observed after that. so there was not any life

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Well, its about nuclear weapons

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These are the sources i used:

1. www.ican.org

2. www.armscontrol.com

3. www.science.howsstuff.com

4. www.britannica.com

5. www.theguardian.com

6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11e8XyUBqRQ

7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Aza-2wopCFY

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Q- Have you ever undergone a Nuclear Medicine treatment?

a) Yes b) No

Q- Do you think this technique can be harmful as it uses radio isotopes?

a) Yes b) No

Q- What do you think is the most common application of this technique?

a)- Radioactive iodine (I-131) therapy used to treat thyroid cancer

b)- Radioactive phosphorus (P-32) used to treat certain blood disorders

c)- Fluorine 18 used in radioisotope used in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.

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Nuclear Technology in Future (a conclusion after group discussion)

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Nuclear Technology in Future (a conclusion after group discussion)

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We can conclude that nuclear technology can be useful in the form of nuclear energy in space probes. From the heat generated by the decay of the radioactive source, often Plutonium-238, electricity can be generated.

Moreover, electricity or heat from nuclear power plants can be used to produce hydrogen. Reports suggest that hydrogen can be used in fuel cells to power cars, or can be burnt to provide heat instead of the gases, which produce emissions that can cause climate change.

After some modifications, the energy from nuclear isotopes can be used in place of electrical energy in equipments like watches, PCs, cars and other electromotive devices.

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Raj (future advancements in Nuclear Medicine)

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Raj (future advancements in Nuclear Medicine)

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The Nuclear Technology is only few decades old and has a good scope of advancement in future like:

- Replacing conventional methods of medicine.

- Generation of high energy photons which can be used extensively in imaging techniques in NM

- Further advancements in imaging techniques.

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My Journal

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SMRs are the future of nuclear energy. They can be used in India due to the large thorium reserves in India. This will involve less investment and less risk. It will reduce the need of importing coal for electricity.

This project can be started from South India due to the thorium (fuel) reserves and water bodies (coolant) there. A SMR can be installed in North-East , but it needs to be monitored effectively as that area is prone to excess rain or other natural calamities. Nevertheless, this is the best option for better electricity supply in those areas.

Then, we can consider setting up similiar models in large numbers for other parts of the country as well.

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Raj (terms related to Nuclear Medicine) 

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Raj (terms related to Nuclear Medicine) 

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Radiopharmaceuticals: These are radioactive drugs used for diagnosis or therapy in a tracer quantity with no pharmacological effect. They are composed of two parts; a radionuclide and a pharmaceutical.

Scintigraphy: A diagnostic test in which a two-dimensional picture of a body radiation source is obtained through the use of radioisotopes.

Bone densitometry: It is a test like an X-ray that quickly and accurately measures the density of bone. It is used primarily to detect osteopenia or osteoporosis, diseases in which the bone's mineral and density are low and the risk of fractures is increased.

Necrosis: It is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis.

Tomography: It refers to imaging by sections or sectioning, through the use of any kind of penetrating wave. The method is used in radiography and other sciences.

MetaBase: It is a user-contributed database of biological databases, listing all the biological databases currently available on the internet.

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Here is my list of applications of nuclear weapons

1.OPERATION CHARIOT(1958):

In 1958 Atomic Energy Commission proposed the notion of creating an artificial harbor at Cape Thompson in Alaska by firing of chain of nuclear explosions. The full scale would have required 2.4 megatons of explosives.

2. NATURAL GAS STIMULATION:

In 1973, 3 bombs were exploded underground in an area north of grand junction, Colorado, to stimulate the flow of natural gas and to extract it easily.

3. PROJECT ORION (1958):

want to go really fast in space? Just detonate some nuclear weapons behind your spacecraft and ride the blast! This was the crux of project ORION, introduced in

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Proliferation- rapid increase in the amount. Mothballed- to stop using, but keep in good condition for future use.

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- as source of power in remote areas devoid of electricity. - for providing electricity to the industrial sector to reduce the pressure on other sources of energy. - in place of the older nuclear plants to reduce the investment in terms of capital and land.

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Target audience - Ordinary citizens of India.

Purpose - To check their awareness about nuclear energy.

Q.Nuclear power plants use -

-Uranium -Radium

-Hydrogen -None of these

Q.Nuclear energy is a _______ source of energy.

-Renewable -Non-Renewable

-Not sure -None of these

Q.Nuclear energy ________ for meeting the country's electricity demands.

-Is not Required -Is necessary

-May be used as an  -None of these

alternative

Q.Which source of energy do you prefer the most?

-Natural Gas - Solar energy

-Nuclear energy - Wind

-Hydroelectricity - Oil

-Coal - None of these

Q.According to you, what is the main problem in using nuclear energy?

-Waste disposal - Quite expensive

-None of these - No problem

Q.Any suggestion to make nuclear energy as a better option over the other sources of power.

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Different employees in Nuclear Medicine.

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Different employees in Nuclear Medicine.

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Different age groups pursuing education in Nuclear Medicine (by Raj)

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Different age groups pursuing education in Nuclear Medicine (by Raj)

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A Survey on Nuclear Medicine (by Raj Nandwani)

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A Survey on Nuclear Medicine (by Raj Nandwani)

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According to my survey, Nuclear Medicine Technology is developed and well known among masses in countries like Canada, France, Austria, Belgium, Netherland, Germany, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, japan, Spain, Korea, England.

While it is less common among people of countries like India, Pakistan, Iran, Sri Lanka and some other parts of southern Asia.

Hence my target audience is people of Indian subcontinent. They must trust this new technology and its advantages over conventional  methods.

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Q: what is Nuclear Medicine Techniques(NMT) in common language?

Ans. A nuclear medicine study helps your doctor evaluate how a particular area of your body or organ system is working.There are nearly 100 different types of nuclear imaging procedures, including PET scans, bone scans, and heart scans

Q: How is NMT different from X-ray?

Ans. In X-ray, the rays are passed through the body and the detector detects the empty spaces in bones etc. while in NMT radioactive materials are injected into body and their radiations are studied via detector ,for e.g. Gamma camera.

Q: Can NMT sometimes become harmful?

Ans. Though it uses radioactive tracers, it is not a harmful technique, when handled carefully. But sometimes it is to avoid NMT for children and pregnant women.

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Nuclear Medicine Technologist Salary | Nuke Med Tech Job Duties & Education Requirements

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St Vincent 's Clinic Medical Imaging & Nuclear Medicine

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Nuclear Medicine Technologist - Try it for 5

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Nuclear medicine technologists treat diseases and diagnose health conditions using radioactive materials and diagnostic equipment. For further information click on the link below to view the Nuclear medicine technologist occupation profile: http://careercentre.dtwd.wa.gov.au/occupations/Pages/nuclear-medicine-technologist.aspx

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Journal: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25178877?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=nuclear&searchText=medicine&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicResults%3FQuery%3Dnuclear%2Bmedicine%26amp%3Bacc%3Don%26amp%3Bwc%3Don%26amp%3Bfc%3Doff%26amp%3Bgroup%3Dnone%26amp%3Bso%3Drel%26amp%3Bsi%3D26&seq=7#page_scan_tab_contents

Video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7CmvdVMXeE

Books:

Nuclear Pharmacy edited by Blaine Templar Smith

Ed No.: first

Year 2010

City: London

Printed by: Pharmaceutical Press

Practical Radiography by Baldev Raj B Venkataraman

Ed No.: fifth

Year 2012

City: New Delhi

Published by: Narosa publishing House

Sites
http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Non-Power-Nuclear-Applications/Radioisotopes/Radioisotopes-in-Medicine/
.......

http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Non-Power-Nuclear-Applications/Radioisotopes/Radioisotopes-in-Medicine/

.......

http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Non-Power-Nuclear-Applications/Radioisotopes/Radioisotopes-in-Medicine/

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Sources

- http://www.gizmag.com/small-modular-nuclear-reactors/20860/

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GX5l0pgccZY&noredirect=1

- http://www.westinghousenuclear.com/portals/0/New%20Plants/AP1000/figure-smr%20comparison2.jpg

- http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2015/02/16/can-smrs-lead-the-u-s-into-a-clean-energy-future/

- https://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Downloadable/SMR/images/4_ahwr300.JPG
- http://casenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/case_basics_top_ten_facts_476x3980_02.jpg
- http://casenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/FuelCosts-450x438.jpg

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Raj  (how i collected data relevant to my topic)

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Raj  (how i collected data relevant to my topic)

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i chose nuclear medicine because it seemed to be an interesting topic and when i started researching on it, indeed it was. I searched for books in library and some journals on jstor and elsevier. I also went through sites giving information on nuclear pharmacy. Google and YouTube were my common searching sites. I watched videos relevant to my topic, and finally wrote the summary on what i researched.

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Summary:

In 1905 Albert Einstein published his revolutionary special theory of relativity, note universally accepted as the basis of modern physics. A consequence of this theory is that the relation between mass and energy is E=mc2 Turning matter into energy or we can call it nuclear energy more surviving specifically. If you apply the equation to 1 kg of mass you find it would be rainwater l equivalent to the energy released by 22 megatons of TNT. Nuclear fission(splitting of atom) was first discovered in 1938. In the US the Manhattan project was launched in 1942 to turn the potential into an actual atomic weapon, which succeeded in 1945. The basic for this nuclear reaction was chain reaction. The 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombing was actually type of nuclear fission reaction. The two bombs'Little boy' and 'Fat man' were the U-235, uranium. There is another type called nuclear fusion (joining of two light nuclei). The nuclear fusion process in nature is the energy source for stars, generating the light and heat we get from our sun and the light we see from distant stars. Nuclear fusion requires very high temperature, so it's not feeding to get a fusion bomb.

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How are SMRs better than other sources of energy?

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Ok, what do you mean by small modular reactors?

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Mayank, what is your article about?

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It is used in diagnosing and curing many diseases like:

-mineral deficiency in bones (osteoporosis)

-kidney malfunctioning (renal disease)

-gastrointestinal diseases

-thyroid cancer (treated by ¹³¹ I )

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I am reading about Nuclear Medicine, i.e. role of nuclear technology in pharmacy.

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Because of their small size – 300 MW or less – SMRs have many unique applications, including generating emission-free electricity in remote areas with little or no access to the main power grid, or providing process heat to industrial applications. Some SMRs will have long operating cycles between refueling and don’t use water as a coolant or a moderator, making them better adapted to desert regions. SMRs are modular in design, which means they can be manufactured completely in a factory and delivered and installed at the site in modules, allowing incremental increases in power as demand grows or fossil fuel plants like coal and oil are phased out.

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Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are nuclear power plants that smaller in size (300 MWe or less) than current generation base load plants (1,000 MWe or higher). These smaller, compact designs are factory-fabricated reactors that can be transported by truck or rail to a nuclear power site.

Westinghouse SMR

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The Westinghouse Small Modular Reactor (SMR)

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Westinghouse Electric Company achieves yet another milestone in energy history with the introduction of its Small Modular Reactor -- a 200 MWe-class, integral pressurized water reactor. The Westinghouse commitment to small modular reactor development is evidenced in this latest design, which uses passive safety systems and other proven technology to achieve the highest levels of safety, while reducing the number of plant components required.

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My article is about using small modular reactors (SMRs) as the future of energy.

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Raj, what are its applications ?

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Raj, what are you reading about?

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The article is about using small modular nuclear reactors in order to satisfy the increased demand of energy. Earlier there were hopes on natural sources of energy but some of them were unreliable while others were not efficient. Though nuclear plants generated sufficient energy but it turned out to be quite expensive and there were many issues concerning the environment, safety of the workers, etc. One of the solution to these problems is using SMR, which is cheaper and can be dismantled after use unlike the conventional reactors. They can be used in areas where construction of a nuclear plant is not possible, e.g., mines, islands, etc. They are less prone to accidents. Light water reactors, Westinghouse SMR, mPower, NuScale, GT-MHR, PRISM, etc. are types of SMRs. This technology is still developing and yet to prove itself. The support from governments is required for SMRs to become the future of energy.

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Summary:

Nuclear medicine is a branch of medical imaging that uses small amounts of radioactive materials to diagnose and determine the severity of or treat a disease. Its helpful since it points out specific molecular activity and can the detect the disease in its earlier stages. Nuclear medicine imaging procedures are painless medical tests done with the help of radioactive substances called radiopharmaceuticals. It also offers therapeutic procedures like use of radioactive iodine to treat cancer. Nuclear medicine technology can diagnose malfunctioning in various body parts like: - heart (by using myocardial perfusion scan) -lungs (scanning lungs for respiratory and blood flow problems) -brain (detect diseases like Alzheimer disease) This is an advancing technology which ensures better future for mankind.