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-strong focus on caste system
-Dalits - under the caste system and 'untouchable'
-fire sacrifices to decrease chaos
-follow the Vedas
-Laws of Manu
-Dharma - duty (depends on caste)
-Karma Yoga

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-Main text used are the Upanishads
-Introduce the concept of reincarnation
-Karma is now about moral actions and consequences

-New problem is Samsara - vicious cycle of life, death, rebirth, and redeath
-Solution is Moksha - spiritual liberation from this cycle

Jnana yoga - discipline of wisdom, liberation through insight
This shows that atman=brahman

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Devotional Hinduism (100 AD -1500/today 

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Devotional Hinduism (100 AD -1500/today 

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- Scripture = The Epics - Ramayana & Bhagavad Gita
- Discipline = Bhakti Yoga
- Focus on Vishnu, Shiva, Mahadevi, Puja
-deities shifted from abstract to gendered, multiple armed, wild and mild
-moksha is still the solution to the problem of Samsara but the path to liberation is easier
-no longer need to rely on yourself, you get moksha through mercy and grace of your chosen god (release from karma is a gift)
puja- ritual worship of god/goddess (can be good offerings at temple or home shrine)
*most Hindus do not do yoga, their focus is on rituals/festivals

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"I am become death. Destroyer of worlds."

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Raja yoga - pursuit of enlightenment, focus on morality, bodily exercises
8 limbs: vow of self restraint towards others, restraint oriented inward, postures, breath control, controlling the five senses, concentration of mind on one point, uninterrupted concentration, elimination of subject-object distinction --> enlightenment, whoohoo!

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Debates about ethics, women's rights, ecological concerns (sacredness of the earth ex: the Ganges River is sacred but yet is filled with poo poo yuck yuck)
The Atman has no inherent characteristics... gender, caste, etc