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Sophie hayden (1868-1953)
at age 6 she was sent to the Jamaica Plain in Boston to attend Hillside school. She was a gifted child.
Then went to West Roxbury High school - from there she was interested in architecture.
In 1890, graduated from M.I.T with a 4 year degree in architecture with honours.
She also competed in many architecture design competitions, some of which she wasn't paid for in full (got less prize money).

She won women’s building competition and is the architect of the woman’s building,world Columbia’s exposition,Chicago 1891-3
Her mother’s name was Elezena Fernandez and her fathers name was George Henry Hayden

Reference:
CAN TV (2016) Women in Architecture. YouTube, 24 March. Available at : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USmQ7Ilf7cA [Accessed 9 October 2021]

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In 1874, he had gained enough practical experience, Sullivan left for France, where he spent his first six weeks studying for the entrance exams to the École des Beaux Arts, which he passed. [1]
Louis Sullivan's central tenet, "form follows function," went on to guide the development of modern architecture and design in the United States. Sullivan's influence is most obvious in his pioneering and perfecting of the skyscraper as a form but can also be felt in the development of ornament. [2]
He was a central figure in both the Chicago School of Architecture and the Prairie School and his aesthetic influence can be seen in the designs of those who worked under him. [2]

References:
[1] Stream 02 (2012) The Tall Building Artistically Considered, Avaliable at : https://www.pca-stream.com/en/articles/the-tall-office-building-artistically-considered-48 [Accessed: 12/10/2021]
[2]The art story (2021) Louis Sullivan - Biography and Legacy Avaliable at : https://www.theartstory.org/artist/sullivan-louis/life-and-legacy/

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The Guraranty Building, one which fits Sulivians description.

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The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered - Louis Sulivian

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The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered - Louis Sulivian

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Essay Summary:
Analysis of his buildings works and why he has structured his buildings and the intent of each define element of the building. Througher depth explanation of each story.

First Story:
Main entrance- Attraction to the eye, main focal point of the location, should appear distinctly and represent a sense glory and pride as the main focal eye level point for the user.

The remaining of the location is then treated in an expansive and more defined expensive way, with further emphaisis on practical neccessities, and expressed a sentiment of freedom and elevated the largeness of the structure.

Second Story:
Through the office sectioin there are several sills and lintel works dividing an individual office cell. The repitition and similar qualities to represent that they are all alike, and portray an equal environment.

Attic:
There are no divisions in this sections of the cell, with no specfic or special requirement for lightning. Thus enabling the upper broad section representing a dominating wall and character. A strong end section of the building.

Chief Characteristics:

Force and Power of the altitude must be presented in the building. A representation of glory and pride. The 3 distinct factors of each element should reveal a dominate and glorious factor of the unity of the building.

Reference:
Louis Sullivan (1869) The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered. America.  Getty Research Institute.

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Sophia and Louis worlds Columbian exposition buildings

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Sophia and Louis worlds Columbian exposition buildings

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Sophia Hayden, women’s building is inspired by Italian renaissance reflecting the classic forms and style. Louis Sullivan, transportation building however has took inspiration from a more Romanesque style. Even though the styles of the two building are very different they do share some similarities such as their symmetrical design and their use of arches throughout the whole design. The worlds Columbian exposition was made up of a lot of white building, on of which being Sophia Hayden’s, this gave the exposition the nickname the white city. However transportation building was a bricked building with gold details.

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Louis Sullivan - Transportation building

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Louis Sullivan - Transportation building

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How women and men were treated in the late 18th and early 19th century

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How women and men were treated in the late 18th and early 19th century

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- Woman had no rights, they were very much owned by there husband.
- Was a mans worlds.
- Men did not like fact that women could do the same or better job then them. Even some women didn't agree with this idea either.

For Sophia Hayden
- When she graduated from MIT she was unable to find an apprentice position for an architecture firm. This would have been down to Hayden being a women, there is no evidence for this but considering the sexism at this time it would have been the key factor.
- The first prize winnings for the women's building, worlds Columbian exposition was $1,000, however if it was male computation the winner would have reserved $10,000

Refences:
Ben Railton. March 11, 2020. Considering History: Sophia Hayden and the Hidden Cost of American Sexism. https://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2020/03/considering-history-sophia-hayden-and-the-hidden-cost-of-american-sexism/. 12/10/2021

CAN TV. Mar 24, 2016. Women in Architecture. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USmQ7Ilf7cA 12/10/2021

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Sophia Hayden and Louis Sullivan
Feb 2, 1891 - World's Colombian Exposition announced competition for the design of the women's building, in Chicago. They only allowed designs submitted by women, who had training in architecture. The winner would be named architect of the Women's building and recieve $1000.
There was controvercy about having only women participate in the competition, some believed it was unnecessary to not include men. One woman, Louise Bethune, who was the most experienced female practitioner, refused to partcicpate because the prize money was less than the money offered to the male partcicpants for other buildings at the fair.

Sophia won because her design was close to the requirements of the competition, it was two stories, had a rectangle plan and was similar to Italian Renaissance classicism from her M.I.T thesis.
Her design of the Women's building went under construction and was the first building from the World's Colombian exposition fair to be built. After recieiving praise, she attended the opening of the building. However there were allegations that she had a nervous breakdown and that she was tired after working for 2 years. Later she received criticism that a profession in architecture wasn't fit for her as a women. The building was demolished after the exposition in 1893, so no structural evidence of her career exists.
That was her first and last building design, after that she moved back to New England and married a painter.

Louis Sullivan - created the Transportation building in the fair.

References:
Edited by Mary McLeod and Victoria Rosner Pioneering Women of American Architecture (2021) Available : https://pioneeringwomen.bwaf.org/sophia-gregoria-hayden-bennett/ [Accessed 12 October 2021]
The Information Architects of Enclyopaedia Britannica (2021) Sophia Hayden American architect Available at :
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sophia-Hayden [Accessed 12 October 2021]
The Columbian Exposition and the Woman's Building, Chicago, 1893 Available at :
https://www.radford.edu/rbarris/Women%20and%20art/amerwom05/columbianexpostion.html [Accessed 12 October 2021]
Randy (2021) Picturesque World's Fair - The Transportation building Available at : https://worldsfairchicago1893.com/tag/louis-sullivan/ [Accessed 12 Ocotber 2021]

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Wining architect for the women's building, world's Columbian exposition, Chicago 1891-3. This was the only design of Haydens to be built

She was the first woman to have been admitted into architecture program at MIT in 1886. She then graduated in 1890 with an honours.

Laura  Hayes ,an assistant of ms Palmer ,whose work Hayden rejected led a campaign against Hayden rejected donations from influencial people because it didn’t fit with the designs she agreed on ,such as the patchwork quilt.

The decorations of the woman’s building was assigned to another woman called Candace wheeler who replaced Hayden .Hayden had a breakdown in Burnhams office due to this situation after she couldn’t take it longer.

She opened an office in 22 Congress street in Boston in 1894 ignoring Burnhams advice to open it in Chicago instead .

She married William Blackstone Bennet and raised a stepdaughter.She died in a nursing home of pneumonia at the age of 84.