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Some students use to enter old main building on UTEP through the windows

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Jupiter’s atmosphere: Atmospheric bands and a Great Red Spot 

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Jupiter’s atmosphere: Atmospheric bands and a Great Red Spot 

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You can get Density if you use the two previous methods in the same planet, it helps now if the planet if Jovian or terrestrial-mass/volume= density. Terrestrial high density, jovial low density

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1)      Light travels in straight lines

2)      Its speed is not infinitely fast. It travels 300,00 km/s in the vacuum of space (a light beam can go 7.5 times around the earth in one second). The speed of light marks a fundamental physical barrier in our universe (nothing can travel at or faster than the speed of light)

3)      Light is created by accelerating electricity charges (electrons, for example). Are there other physical mechanisms to produce light?

4)      Unlike sound, does not need a medium to travel through

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(Doppler) technique orbital period and how massive the planer is(heavy)- used for the majority of planets discovered before 2014, mass and orbital period are deduced from the velocity curve of the star on the night

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how big the planet is, consists in detecting the passage of the planet in front of the luminosity disk of a star. The planet’s size is obtained from the stars light curve, a plot of brightness vs. time.

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where new stars are being born

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Johannes Kepler, a theoretician that collaborates with Tycho, after the last dies Kepler realizes from the observations of Brahe that the planets move around the zodiac and that in fact, the planets don’t move in a circle

Tycho Brahe’s extraordinary naked-eye observations relied on the size of his instruments.

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Mercury: Its surface resembles that of the Moon!!  It shows drastic temperature differences between day and night because it lacks an atmosphere. It has the most eccentric orbit of all the planets of the solar system

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Mercury: Its surface resembles that of the Moon!!  It shows drastic temperature differences between day and night because it lacks an atmosphere. It has the most eccentric orbit of all the planets of the solar system

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1. actual planets that orbit the sun
2. spherical shape
3. their orbits are not clear of debris

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Atmospheric bands, generated around the planet as a result of the creation of a cloud (convection), warmer gas is transported to the outer layers, the rotation stretch the cloud

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·       Large apertures (8m or larger)

·       Segmented, thinner, and lighter mirrors made of low thermal expansion glass (like “zerodur”)

·       Adaptive optics(deformable mirrors and computer-controlled pistons to reshape them are used to compensate for the turbulence in Earth’s atmosphere).

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the moon at one point was though as perfectly spherical without imperfections up until Galileo's discovery

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the moon at one point was though as perfectly spherical without imperfections up until Galileo's discovery

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·       Shorter frame tubes for their apertures

·       More compact design

·       Greater apertures (diameters)

·       At least two different designs

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Rings, ringlets, and Gaps are observed in Saturn’s vast system of rings.

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Rings, ringlets, and Gaps are observed in Saturn’s vast system of rings.

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Terrestrial planets-Mercury, Venus,earth and mars 

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Terrestrial planets-Mercury, Venus,earth and mars 

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Cassegrain- a hole at the base, image at the bas- Equatorial mouth
-Coudé
-Dobsonian
-Newtonian

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Jovian planets-Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus & Neptune

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Jovian planets-Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus & Neptune

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Refractors have more limitations than reflectors

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Refractors have more limitations than reflectors

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·       Chromatic aberration (different colors of light are reflected by different amounts- they’re not focused at the same point and images look blurry)

·       Image distortions due to the lens’ weight

·       Image distortion due to air bubbles in the glass

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Presently in the solar system there's volcanic activity on Earth, Venus and Io

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Presently in the solar system there's volcanic activity on Earth, Venus and Io

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·       Light-gathering power (LGP)- how much light can collect from a distant source. its advantage is that the image will be brighter and made sharper. Can discover invisible things. If this is good it will improve the other 2

·       Angular resolution- Capability to see detail.

·       Magnification- can be modified switching eyepieces

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Galileo’s discoveries with the telescope

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Galileo’s discoveries with the telescope

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·       Discovered Jupiter moons

·       Dark spots are detected in the solar surface (co-discovered with Schreiner)

·       There are mountains and craters on the moon.

·       The phases of Venus (supported Copernicus model)

·       He also resolved the Milky Way into stars with a telescope for the first time, confirming that the diffuse MV is not a fluid. (myth was milk from a goddess’s breast)

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Una de las razones por las que los planetas terrestres carecen de un sistema de anillos es because Their VOLUMES OF DESTRUCTION are small and not enough prime material exists around them to form the rings 

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Una de las razones por las que los planetas terrestres carecen de un sistema de anillos es because Their VOLUMES OF DESTRUCTION are small and not enough prime material exists around them to form the rings 

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are intermedia objects between planets and stars, they are similar to some of the characteristics of the jovian planet, but they have so much mass that they acquire some of the characteristics of the star as well, they do not produce their own light

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mars might be the only terrestrial planet in our ss to eventually develop a ring system 

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mars might be the only terrestrial planet in our ss to eventually develop a ring system 

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| Object | Minimum mass | Maximum mass
| Planet | Mercury’s mass (10^23 kg) | <14 Jupiter masses
| Brown dwarf | 14 Jupiter masses | <80 Jupiter masses
| Star | 80 Jupiter masses | 150 Solar masses

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On Venus the Sun rises in the west and sets in the east.

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On Venus the Sun rises in the west and sets in the east.

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- Mercury has no atmosphere
- Venus has a thick CO2 atmosphere
- Mars has a thin CO2 atmosphere

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Moons can have moons and they are called moonmoons

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Terrestrial planets: small, dense rock/metallic, have a solid surface, a few satellites (if any), and no rings. They’re less than 2 AU from the Sun.

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Cassegrain focus telescope is the most used and preferred

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Cassegrain focus telescope is the most used and preferred

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First planet to be discovered with the aid of telescope was Uranus.

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Two characteristics of the terrestrial planets: this planets have solid surfaces and tow of them have moons

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Two characteristics of the terrestrial planets: this planets have solid surfaces and tow of them have moons

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Kuiper belt” less than 200yrs

Oort Cloud has more than 200yrs

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Mars was at opposition in 1877 when Schiaparelli reported having seen "canali" on the surface of this planet.

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Mars was at opposition in 1877 when Schiaparelli reported having seen "canali" on the surface of this planet.

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Kepler’s 1 st Law-Planets have elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus.

Kepler’s 2 nd dLaw- Planets speed up in their orbits as they approach the sun and slow down as they recede it.

Kepler’s 3 rd Law- The smaller the planet’s orbit, the less time it takes to go around the sun.

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Reflecting telescopes- uses mirrors not lens

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Reflecting telescopes- uses mirrors not lens

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A planet can get the highest oblateness (can look most drastically "squashed," rather than spherical) if it's gaseous and spins fast, like Saturn.

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- Callisto has craters
- Io has volcanos
- Ganymede is the largest satellite
- Europa has an icy tundra

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Not absolute up nor down, it would be impossible to say where’s the up and down if you were floating freely in the vacuum of space.

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is a second magnitude star
Also called the north star
other name Alpha ursa minor

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Ceres is the largest object revolving about the Sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. 

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Ceres is the largest object revolving about the Sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. 

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miranda is the name of one of netpune's moons

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miranda is the name of one of netpune's moons