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Tammie Petersen's HPRS2300 PowerPoints & Unit 2 Drug List

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- cyclobenzapine (Flexeril®)
- carisoprodol (Soma®)
- methocarbamol (Robaxin®)
- orphenadrine citrate (Norflex®)
- chlorozoxazone (Parafon Forte DSC®)
- metaxalone (Skelaxin®)

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- dantrolene (Dantrium®)

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• Inhibits skeletal muscle contraction
• Blocks Ca++ release within the muscle fiber
• Doesn't affect Nm receptor or spinal cord conduction

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- rocuronium bromide (Zemuron®)

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• Occupies the Nm receptor sites, preventing the binding of ACH, in addition to contractions and depolarizations

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- succinylcholine

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• Binds to Nm receptor and induces a depolarization (leads to muscle fasciculations)
• Alters the Nm receptor so it can't respond to ACH and prevents contractions

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Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

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Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

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• Decrease the number of impulses available to produce a contraction at motor neurons
• Blocks conduction with the spinal cord

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- atropine
- dicyclomine (Bentyl®)
- ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®)

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• Binds to a cholinergic receptor and acts as a blocking drug via competitive antagonism

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- neostigmine (Prostigmin®)

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• Inhibit acetylcholinesterase
• Increases ACH

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- acetylcholine
- pilocarpine (Pilocar®)
- bethanechol (Urecholine®)

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• Directly stimulate and bind to muscarinic receptors
• Mimics ACH

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AKA parasympatholytics

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AKA parasympathomimetics

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- nadolol (Corgard®)
- propanolol (Inderal®)
- timolol (Blocadren®)

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• Block beta-1 and beta-2 receptors
• Decrease force of contraction, cardiac output, and BP
• Decreases HR
• Decreases conduction
• May cause bronchoconstriction

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- atenolol (Tenormin®)
- metoprolol (Lopressor®)

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• Blocks beta-1 receptors
• Decreases force of contraction, cardiac output, and BP
• Decreases HR
• Decreases conduction

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AKA sympatholytics

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AKA sympathomimetics

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- albuterol (Proventil® / Ventolin®)
- terbutaline (Brethine®)
- formoterol (Foradil®)
- salmeterol (Serevent®)

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- dobutamine

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• Stimulates d-1 receptors to cause vasodilation and increased renal blood flow (in low doses)
• Stimulates beta-1 to increase force of contraction and cardiac output (in moderate doses)
• Stimulates alpha-1 receptors to cause vasoconstriction and increase BP (in high doses)

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- prazosin (Minipress®)
- terazosin (Hytrin®)
- doxazosin (Cardura®)

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• Binds and blocks alpha-1 receptors
• Relaxes smooth muscle
• Vasodilation (decreases BP)
• Relaxes smooth muscle of ureters and increases urine flow

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- epinephrine (Adrenalin®)

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• Stimulates ALL alpha and beta receptors
• Vasoconstriction (increases BP; vasopressor)
• Cardiac stimulant
• Bronchodilator

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- ephedrine
- phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)

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• Stimulate alpha-1 receptors
• Contraction of smooth muscle
• Vasoconstriction (increases BP)
• Vasoconstriction of nasal passages (decongestant)

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• Stimulates beta-2 receptors
• Relaxes smooth muscle in the uterus
• Bronchodilation

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Found at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscle

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Found at ganglia of parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves

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Alpha 2: Found on presynaptic or postsynaptic ganglia
Muscarinic: Found on cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

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Heart: Decreased HR, AV conduction, and contractility
Intestines/GI Mobility: Increased
Postganglionic NT: Release of ACH
Pupils: Constriction
Lower Respiratory Passages: Bronchoconstriction
Urinary Bladder: Contraction
Urinary Sphincter: Relaxation

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Alpha 1: Found on glands, smooth muscles, eyes, and most arteries/veins
Beta 1: Found on the heart
Beta 2: Found on smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries, and coronary arteries

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Adrenal medulla: Release of epinephrine
Arteries: Vasoconstriction
Heart: Increased HR, AV conduction, contractility
Intestines/GI Motility: Decreased
Postganglionic NT: Norepinephrine release
Pupils: Dilation
Lower respiratory passages: Bronchodilation
Urinary bladder: Relaxation
Urinary sphincter: Contraction

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Released by the hypothalamus

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Released at ganglia from presynaptic nerve endings

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Released by the adrenal medulla

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Rest & digest; cholinergic

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Fight, fright, or flight; adrenergic

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Visceral; involuntary control

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Voluntary control via cerebral cortex

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Brain & spinal cord

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Involuntary & voluntary control of the body