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- Contains up to 1% of manganese in which is the leftover of the process of making steel

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- Schools
- Carparks
- Airport Terminals
- Shopping Malls

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- Door Latches
- Engine Mountings
- Aircraft Structure

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- Has strength, toughness and also resistant to wear and fatigue when treated with heat
- Can be folded and flattened withouth breaking
- Can be used to make springs , ball roller bearings

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-Contains 0.3% to 0.8% of Carbon

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- Contains 0.8% to 1.7% of carbon

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Low Carbon / Mid Steel
- Contains up to 1.7 % of Carbon

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- High hardness, strength and also resistant to corrosion
- Used for balls and rollers of antifriction bearings

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- Enhances hardness, tensile strength, toughness, ductility, and corrosion resistance at the cost of its machinability
- Used for construction of making storage cylinders for liquified gases

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- Also known as stainless steel or corrosion resistant alloy steels
- Can also be formed into any shapes

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- Inclusive of not more than 0.006% of carbon
- Softness and ductility close to pure iron

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- Iron - Carbide (Fe3c)
- Carbons are inclusive of 6.67%
- Is hard plus brittle

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- Alloys of iron up to 1.7% of carbon

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- Molten pig iron was poured into the Basement converter
- Air was blown in through tuyeres at the bottom of the chamber to bubble the molten iron
- Oxygen combined with the impurites in the iron to form slag at the top
- Converter is tilted to pour out the finished steel into the ladles for casting and the slag to be disposed

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It is made by repeatedly heating the metal and work it with tools to deform it. Since it is highly malleable, it can be heated or be reheated to form different shapes. It grows stronger the more it gets worked.

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-The charge is melted by the electric ark struck which occurs between the carbon electrodes and the steel
-Impurities are oxidised by melting it under the slag
-the slag absorbs the oxidised impurities which will be removed by tilting the furnace.
-Charge> scrap, iron ore, pig iron and limestone

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-Based of a steel cased converter which can hold up to 400 tonnes of metal
- Charge > scrap steel, lime and molten pig iron
-Oxygen is blown at the surface of molten charge
-Impurities of metal are oxidised
-Temperature is controlled and the molten metal is analysed
-If temp and analysis is satisfied, hood is lifted > converter tilt> steel is poured below the slag and to the ladle
-Steel is then conveyed to the casting plant and cast into ingot
-Converter  is tilted again to pour the slag into the slag ladle

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-Burn a mixture of gas/oil and air over the metal
-Fuel and air are preheated to a high temp in regenerators
-Lime is added to the charge to form a basic slag
-Slag float on surface of the molten steel and drawn off
-Molten steel then is tapped and poured into mould

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Provides a much greater malleability as compared to the white cast iron

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It is strong and good resistance plus easy to be machined

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Harder as well as more brittle

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It is quite soft as well as weak in tension but it is easy to be machined

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Is made up of iron and carbon.
An accurate way to define steel is that it has lower carbon content as compared to Cast Iron or Pig Iron

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Pig iron is being re - melted in order to produce the cast iron in a cupola

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- Produced by smelting iron ore in blast furnace.
- Consists about 4% carbon and small amounts of manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulphur and other  impurities
- Very brittle
- Intermediate product to make into subsequent useful products

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- Oldest form of purified iron
- Tough malleable, ductile, corrosion resistant and also melts only in high temperature
- Used to make bolts, rivets, pipes
- It is now used for specialist applications