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Video: Aftermath of Mount St. Helens eruption in Spokane

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Visiting Mount St. Helens with kids is a must for your Washington road trip. It was once a recreational playground for Washington. Then one quiet Sunday morning in 1980 the snowcapped mountain vaporized. Followed by a mudslide that decimated the surrounding forest. And just a crater remains where the peak once stood.

What happened at Mount St. Helens

In 1792 British explorer Captain George Vancouver officially named Mount St. Helens after Baron St. Helens, an ambassador. Though the Cowlitz Indian Tribe and Yakama Nation's name translates into the smoker, suggesting a history of volcanic activity.

On March 20, 1980, a 4.2-magnitude earthquake rocked Mount St. Helens and jumpstarted the volcanic activity. The next week, steam started to vent. Volcanologists flew in from around the world to watch Mount St. Helens from every vantage point. By the end of April, a bulge appeared on the north side of the mountain.

After weeks intense monitoring, Mount St. Helens erupted on May 18, 1980, in a fury that geologists compared to Mount Vesuvius. Another earthquake, a 5.1-magnitude, melted the snowpack into a violent mudslide and pulverized the top of the stratovolcano into a cloud of black ash.

For the next 9 hours, a plume of ash soared 12 to 16 miles into the atmosphere that turned day into night. The eruption generated 3.9 million cubic yards of material, like ash, pumice, trees and boulders, that rushed 17 miles downstream.

In all, the eruption of Mount St. Helens killed 57 people. In its wrath, it destroyed 47 bridges, 15 miles of railroad, 185 miles of highway and 250 homes. It was the deadliest and most economically destructive volcanic event in U.S. history.

After the eruption, Mount St. Helens went from a 9,677-foot snow-capped peak to a 8,363-foot mountain with a one-mile wide, horseshoe-shaped crater. Since the 1980 eruption, Mount St. Helens continues to rumble, with intermittent episodes of venting steam and erupting lava domes. The majority of the area is closed to visitors so scientists can continue to monitor the volcanic activity.

Drive to the Johnston Ridge Observatory's visitor center, at the end of State Route 504 (Spirit Lake Highway) and walk through the exhibits detailing the eruption. Watch one of the dramatic films and attend a ranger program, if available. Our program offered amazing historic photos of the eruption.

If headed to Mount St. Helens with Kids hike the Eruption Trail, a .5-mile trail from the Visitor Center. See the lava dome and the crater along with a pumice plain and landslide deposit. If time permits, stop at the Loowit Viewpoint, just west of the Johnston Ridge Observatory.

Mount St. Helens with Kids

The Johnston Ridge Observatory is a must for school-age kids with geologic exhibits and live seismographs. The visitor center offers two different films, perfect for school-age kids. Though the movies might be intense for preschoolers and too loud for babies.

During our visit to Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, my kids attended a Junior Ranger program that explained the eruption in a way a kid could understand. The program took less than an hour and parents are welcome to stay or explore the monument on their own.

Family Fun at Mount St. Helens

Due to the delicate nature of the recovering landscape and the continued seismic activity, I found limited recreational activities at Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument's Johnston Ridge Observatory. Visit other nearby locations.

Coldwater Lake Recreation Area offers a picnic area, an interpretive trail and a boat launch.

Mount St. Helens Visitor Center at Silver Lake is a Washington State Park that offers exhibits on the 1980 eruption. Located 6 miles from Castle Rock along State Route 504, it's open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. during the summer season.

Try the eastside or southside of Mount St. Helens for more recreational activities, like Lava Canyon, Ape Cave or Spirit Lake viewpoints.

Eco Park Resorts offers horseback tours, the closest to Mount St. Helens, that ride through the blast zone.

Camping near Mount St. Helens

For my visit to Mount St. Helens, I decided to stay as close as possible. At Eco Park Resort, just 25 miles west from the Johnston Ridge Observatory, I found several cozy, off-the-grid cabins along with tent and RV camping that unplugged my kids and recharged my spirit.

With a flicker of the gas-powered lights, my kids, 9, 13 and 14, and I settled in for the night under our cozy patchwork quilts. Set in a pristine landscape in the shadow of Mount St. Helens, it's hard to believe the destruction that happened here 37 years ago.

Our cabin featured a pair of bunk beds that's my boys fought over (in a good way) and a full-sized bed, each dressed with a cozy quilts for the brisk Washington nights. Since the cabins lack electricity, two gas-powered, wall-mounted lamps lighted our cabin. The flickering glow ignited my boys' pioneering imaginations.

Inside our cabin, I found a table with four chairs, perfect for games after dinner. The long counter on one side of the cabin offered amble space for organizing camping equipment.

Outside our cabin, I made dinner on my gas camp stove, while my daughter swung on the cabin's back porch swing. As we looked across the grassy meadow, we saw the first flickers of the nightly fire in Eco Park's fire pit while my boys played in the late summer sun.

The owners of Eco Park Resort, Dawn and Mark Smith, offer their personal experiences of the day that Mount St. Helens erupted. The Smith family resort, Spirit Lake Lodge fell victim to 500-feet of ash that day. As the land recovered, the Smith family returned and opened Eco Park Resort in 1995 at 14000 Spirit Lake Highway.

Where's Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument

The Johnston Ridge Observatory is located 52 miles east of Castle Rock, Washington, along State Route 504 (Spirit Lake Highway). It's located 110 miles northeast of Portland, Oregon, and 150 miles southeast of Seattle, Washington.

Both cities offer international airports. The closest towns with traveler's services are Castle Rock or Kelso, both along Interstate 5. Public transportation is not available to the Johnston Ridge Observatory.

Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area offers a scenic drive, just 165 miles away. Astoria and the Lewis and Clark National and State Historical Parks offers more national park fun, 120 miles west.

Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument is open 7 days a week from mid-May until the end of October, from 10 a.m. until 6 p.m. Use an America the Beautiful annual pass ($80) or purchase an adult admission for $8 per person, kids 15 and under enter for free.

Read More

Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument's Johnston Ridge Observatory is closed from the end of October until mid-May.

Mount St. Helens includes levels of restricted areas for the safety and protection of the recovering landscape.

Pets, bikes and horses are prohibited to protect the recovering landscape. Though a few bike trails are open.

Camping is prohibited at the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument.

Eco Park Resort is open from May until November and reservations are required.

Bring a battery-operated lantern for your stay at Eco Park Resort for additional lighting in the cabin and making after-dark runs to the potty.

Individual ground fires aren't allowed at Eco Park Resort, though they light a fire pit that guests can enjoy. Remember the marshmallows!

Due to the remote location, Wi-Fi is not available at Eco Park Resort, though I had reliable cell service.

Since the cabin is off-grid, no electrical outlets are available in the cabin. Remember to charge the phone before arriving.

The cabins are heated though I didn't turn of the heat for my stay.

The hot water is on a timer and the bathrooms contain showers only. The doors lock and if you have little kids, I recommend staying with them.

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Mount St. Helens with Kids | Washington National Parks | Carful of Kids

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Visiting Mount St. Helens with kids is a must for your Washington road trip. It was once a recreational playground for Washington. Then one quiet Sunday morning in 1980 the snowcapped mountain vaporized. Followed by a mudslide that decimated the surrounding forest. And just a crater remains where the peak once stood.

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Kids learn about the Mount St. Helens volcanic eruption including leading up to the eruption, the collapse of the north face, damage to the surrounding areas, could it erupt again, and interesting facts. Educational article for students, schools, and teachers.

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Click the link and click on a game or practice spelling your vocabulary words.

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This website offers easy interactive spelling practice for kids in early elementary years (grades 1, 2, 3 and 4). Just type, listen and learn English - learning spelling can be as simple as that!

In this page you set up which words to test students on. The next page - after you hit the "Online Spelling Test" button - lets the kids tackle the spelling test and check their performance.

This free spelling website acts like an online computer program, in which you can create your own spelling lists, and have word games with your own words.
All the games and the other educational interactive activities on this website are totally free!

The Word's Pronunciation

You can also use this website to learn how to pronounce English words. Each word is pronounced slowly and clearly, stressing and emphasizing each syllable and consonant. This makes it great for ESL students and special education students as well, helping to discover new English words and their correct pronunciation.

The Spelling Games & Activities

Online Spelling Test

This is a simple test in which you hear the words of your list in random order, and type them inside the text boxes. Do your best to spell them correctly. At the end, you can press the "Check" button to see how well you have done. If you made a mistake, you can click a mistaken word to see its correct form. You can also ask to repeat the test with only the mistaken words.

Practice Your Words

This online practice will guide you step by step until you know how to write each word correctly just by hearing it. It consists of three phases: in the first phase, the letters to type are highlighted on the keyboard. in the second phase the word will still be presented, and you will copy it. In the third phase, you will type it from solely hearing it.

Reading With Spaceships & Reading With Balloons

These are two similar games, one in is more action themed, and the other is calmer. They practice reading the words and matching them to the words you hear. It's an easy reading activity, best for kids in 1st grade and 2nd grade.

Spelling Sharks

This is an action online spelling game. When you type correctly the words you hear, you can eliminate the sharks that are threatening the goldfish. The typing is under time pressure, yet you can press the "clue" button to have the word flashed on the screen. This activity can be challenging, and is more suitable for kids in 3rd grade and 4th grade.

Hangman

This is a classic hangman game, using your own words. It's unique because you can actually hear the hidden words.

Word Search Puzzle

Immediately create a challenging online word search puzzle from your own list of words. After every word you find, you will hear it pronounced. The puzzles are dynamically created, and can sometimes be challenging even for kids in 5th grade and 6th grade.

The Spelling Lists

The lists are arranged in stages that coordinate to the children's development through spelling patterns, also called features.

The beginning lists for first graders allow the kids to approach the words one sound at a time (i.e. initial consonants), to then building more of a sight word vocabulary (i.e. word families).

Moving on from there, learners in second grade are able to chunk parts of words and process them more fluently when they read (i.e. consonant blends).

Third graders continue the fluency of reading while they explore the meanings of words (i.e. silent consonants), while fourth graders can handle more complex spelling patterns (i.e. double consonant with e-drop).

Of course, a student may overlap in stages, for instance, a second grader may still need some work on a few "first grade" features, or may dabble in some third grade features. They are merely an average "snapshot" for students in elementary school.

In addition to the lists for each grade level, there are many "themed" lists for students of all ages to enjoy (themes such as September, Halloween, Winter, Earth Day, Science Day etc.)

Spelling and studying words ultimately promotes a greater interest in reading and writing. When a child has word understanding and vocabulary knowledge, all aspects of Language Arts are enhanced.

Instructions

Which English words would you like to study? Type them into the empty spaces above. Once you do, you can click on the "Listen" button to hear how the word you typed is pronounced.

Sometimes there is more than one way to pronounce a word - for example, "read" sounds different in the past: "I read this book yesterday" to the way it sounds in the future: "I will read this book tomorrow". In this case you can hit the "Alternate" button to switch between the different pronunciations and choose the right one.

You can also choose from the word lists we've prepared already in the drop-down menu.

When you have finished adding words, choose an activity from one of the green buttons.
The spelling list will appear for the students. They should read it carefully and, when ready, start the activity.

When finished, the students will have the option to restart the activity or to exit to the main menu. In most cases, they will also get the option to repeat the activity with only the words they had trouble with.

Happy learning!

Comments & Feedback

Do you have a word you would like to add to those already recorded? Leave a comment below and we'll be happy to work on it! We'd also love to hear any other comments you have.

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Free Online Spelling Training & Games for Grades 1, 2, 3 and 4

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This website offers easy interactive spelling practice for kids in early elementary years (grades 1, 2, 3 and 4). Just type, listen and learn English - learning spelling can be as simple as that! In this page you set up which words to test students on.

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Make your own volcano at school and write the steps to take home to do it with the family.  

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Make your own volcano at school and write the steps to take home to do it with the family.  

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In our centers, the classic "explode-y volcano" experiment (ahem, that's the technical term) gets little minds thinking big: About the form and function of actual volcanoes (a hole in a mountain that burps lava, ash, and hot gas) as well as what our planet looked and felt like when dinosaurs roamed. We also explore scientific concepts like cause and effect: Mix vinegar with baking soda and you get a natural (and non-toxic) chemical reaction-plus bubbles galore!
Turn your own kitchen into a lab with this easy volcano how-to:

Materials

Baking soda

White vinegar

Food coloring (orange or red-and optional)

Baking sheet

A cup or measuring cup with a spout

Spoon or dropper

Aprons or shirts that can get dirty, and dish towels for clean-up

There She Blows!

1. Put a pile of baking soda on the baking sheet.

2. Put a small amount of vinegar in the cup and add a drop or two of food coloring.

3. Have your child use the spoon or eye dropper to drop (or just pour) a little vinegar solution onto a pile of baking soda and watch your volcano erupt!

Let Your Imagination Roar

Build a mountain: For longer-lasting fun, build a volcano base using a bottle and a simple playdough recipe -you can even paint the slopes once it's dry. Our volcano hack-of-the-day: Try an upside-down funnel over a pile of baking soda. Boom. Volcano.

Suds up your lava flow: The chemical reaction of baking soda and vinegar produces carbon dioxide gas, which, by the way, is also a byproduct of real volcanoes. Adding a squirt of dishwashing liquid to your concoction traps the gas and changes your "lava" flow. Check out these detailed instructions.

Make a dino diorama: Dot your baking sheet with plastic dinosaurs and get them in on the fun!

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Exploding Volcano Activity: Get Your Little Scientist Thinking Big

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In our centers, the classic "explode-y volcano" experiment (ahem, that's the technical term) gets little minds thinking big: About the form and function of actual volcanoes (a hole in a mountain that burps lava, ash, and hot gas) as well as what our planet looked and felt like when dinosaurs roamed.

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What is Geology? - What does a Geologist do? - Geology.com

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What is geology? The work of geologists - by Geology.com

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Summary

Commemorating the 30th anniversary of the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens

1-During the past 4,000 years, Mount St. Helens has erupted more frequently than any other volcano in the Cascade Range.
2-Most of Mount St. Helens is younger than 3,000 years old (younger than the pyramids of Egypt).
3-Some Native American names that refer to smoke at the volcano include- Lawala Clough, Low-We- Lat-Klah, Low-We-Not- Thlat, Loowit, Loo-wit, Loo-wit Lat-kla, and Louwala-Clough.
4-3,600 years ago-Native Americans abandoned hunting grounds devastated by an enormous eruption four times larger than the May 18, 1980 eruption.
5-1792-Captain George Vancouver named the volcano for Britain's ambassador to Spain, Alleyne Fitzherbert, also known as Baron St. Helens.
6-1975-U.S. Geological Survey geologists forecasted that Mount St. Helens would erupt again, "possibly before the end of the century."
7-March 20, 1980-A magnitude 4.2 earthquake signaled the reawakening of the volcano after 123 years.
8-Spring 1980-Rising magma pushed the volcano's north flank outward 5 feet per day.
9-Morning of May 18, 1980- The largest terrestrial landslide in recorded history reduced the summit by 1,300 feet and triggered a lateral blast.
10-Within 3 minutes, the lateral blast, traveling at more than 300 miles per hour, blew down and scorched 230 square miles of forest.
11-Within 15 minutes, a vertical plume of volcanic ash rose over 80,000 feet.
12-Afternoon of May 18, 1980-The dense ash cloud turned daylight into darkness in eastern Washington, causing streetlights to turn on in Yakima and Ritzville.
13-The volcanic ash cloud drifted east across the United States in 3 days and encircled Earth in 15 days.
14-Lahars (volcanic mudflows) filled rivers with rocks, sand, and mud, damaging 27 bridges and 200 homes and forcing 31 ships to remain in ports upstream.
15-The May 18, 1980 eruption was the most economically destructive volcanic event in U.S. history.
16-Small plants and trees beneath winter snow, and roots protected by soil, survived the May 18, 1980 eruption and now thrive.
17-Thousands of birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and millions of hatchery fingerlings perished in the eruption.
18-Late May 1980-Wind-dispersed spiders and scavenging beetles were among the first animals to return to the Mount St. Helens area.
19-The landscape devastated by the eruption has evolved into a rich and diverse habitat for plants and animals.
20-Effects of the May 18, 1980 eruption continue today. Biologists help wild salmon and steelhead by giving them a tank-truck ride to the pristine, clear creeks above sediment-choked rivers.
21-Late spring through fall 1980-Explosive eruptions on May 25, June 12, July 22, August 7, and October 16-18 rocked Mount St. Helens and sent ash to distant communities.
22-1982-Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument was established for all to observe both the awesome destruction and the remarkable recovery of plants and animals.
23-October 1980 to 1986- Over the course of 17 episodes, lava eruptions began filling the crater, building a lava dome that reached 876 feet above the crater floor.
24-Since 1986, snow and rock accumulating in the deep, shaded crater formed Crater Glacier, the youngest glacier on Earth.
25-September 2004-Mount St. Helens reawakened, and it erupted continuously until January 2008.
26-October 2004 to January 2008-Growing lava domes displaced and then divided Crater Glacier into east and west lobes. The ice lobes moved downslope as fast as 6 feet per day, converging below the lava dome a little more than three years later.
27-During the 2004 to 2008 eruptions-Mount St. Helens settled one half inch due to magma withdrawal beneath the volcano.
28-The Global Positioning System (GPS) instrument that detected the settling of Mount St. Helens can detect movement of as little as 1/16 of an inch and uses less power than a refrigerator lightbulb.
29-During the 1980 to 1986 and the 2004 to 2008 eruptions-Lava oozed onto the crater floor, building domes taller than the Empire State Building and restoring 7 percent of the volume lost in 1980.
30- Mount St. Helens remains a world-famous natural laboratory for the study of Earth's processes and also nature's response to catastrophe.

This report is also available in print from:

USGS Information Services, Box 25286,
Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225
telephone: 888 ASK-USGS; e-mail:infoservices@usgs.gov

This report is presented in Portable Document Format (PDF); the latest version of Adobe Reader or similar software is required to view it. Download the latest version of Adobe Reader, free of charge.

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Carolyn Driedger, Liz Westby, Lisa Faust, Peter Frenzen, Jeanne Bennett, and Michael Clynne

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Commemorating the 30th anniversary of the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens 1-During the past 4,000 years, Mount St. Helens has erupted more frequently than any other volcano in the Cascade Range. 2-Most of Mount St. Helens is younger than 3,000 years old (younger than the pyramids of Egypt).

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More information about Mount. St. Helens

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More information about Mount. St. Helens

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Summary

Mount St. Helens is primarily an explosive dacite volcano with a complex magmatic system. The volcano was formed during four eruptive stages beginning about 275,000 years ago and has been the most active volcano in the Cascade Range during the Holocene. Prior to about 12,800 years ago, tephra, lava domes, and pyroclasticflows were erupted, forming the older St. Helens edifice, but a few lava flows extended beyond the base of the volcano. The bulk of the modern edifice (above the 1980 crater floor) was constructed during the last 3,000 years, when the volcano erupted a wide variety of products from summit and flank vents. Historical eruptions in the 19th century originated from the Goat Rocks area on the north flank, and were witnessed by early settlers. New unpublished data on the timing for Mount St. Helens eruptive activity have been analyzed, which improves some of the eruption dates cited in published literature. This website contains the most up to date information.

Since its 1980 eruption, the summit elevation has decreased. A survey in 1982 gave a measurement of 2549.7 m (8365 ft). However, a lidar survey done in 2009 found the maximum elevation to be 2539 m (8330 ft). The difference in elevation is likely due to erosion and loss of rimrock by crater-wall collapses.

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Mount St. Helens is primarily an explosive dacite volcano with a complex magmatic system. The volcano was formed during four eruptive stages beginning about 275,000 years ago and has been the most active volcano in the Cascade Range during the Holocene. Prior to about 12,800 years ago, tephra, lava domes, and pyroclasticflows were erupted, forming the older St.

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Volcano - video for kids || Volcano eruptions

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Here is an article of craters

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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii

[ Geodiversity Atlas] [Park Home]

Hawaii Volcanoes has many features related to Kilauea, the world's most active volcano. The landscape of the park has many craters, including Halemaumau Crater, which is a large crater inside the Kilauea Caldera. Some Hawaiians believe Pele, the goddess of fire, lives inside Halemaumau.

There are active fumaroles in the crater, and sulfur deposits on its floor and walls.

Along the Chain of Craters Road in the park, many other craters are seen along the Rift Zone. Pu'u Pua'i is a pit crater near Devastation Trail.

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Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii [ Geodiversity Atlas] [Park Home] Hawaii Volcanoes has many features related to Kilauea, the world's most active volcano. The landscape of the park has many craters, including Halemaumau Crater, which is a large crater inside the Kilauea Caldera. Some Hawaiians believe Pele, the goddess of fire, lives inside Halemaumau.

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Hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed on cooling.

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Magma is extremely hot liquid and semi-liquid rock located under Earth's surface. When magma flows onto Earth's surface, it is called lava.

Image

Lava Flow

Lava (magma that has erupted onto Earth's surface) is visually mesmerizing - as the molten rock flows downhill, lava exposed to the air cools to a deep black color, while the molten rock beneath glows bright orange.

Photograph by Budkov Denis

Magma is extremely hot liquid and semi-liquid rock located under Earth's surface. Earth has a layered structure that consists of the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. Much of the planet's mantle consists of magma. This magma can push through holes or cracks in the crust, causing a volcanic eruption. When magma flows or erupts onto Earth's surface, it is called lava.

Like solid rock, magma is a mixture of minerals. It also contains small amounts of dissolved gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur. The high temperatures and pressure under Earth's crust keep magma in its fluid state.

There are three basic types of magma: basaltic, andesitic, and rhyolitic, each of which has a different mineral composition. All types of magma have a significant percentage of silicon dioxide. Basaltic magma is high in iron, magnesium, and calcium but low in potassium and sodium. It ranges in temperature from about 1000oC to 1200oC (1832oF to 2192oF). Andesitic magma has moderate amounts of these minerals, with a temperature range from about 800oC to 1000oC (1472oF to 1832oF). Rhyolitic magma is high in potassium and sodium but low in iron, magnesium, and calcium. It occurs in the temperature range of about 650oC to 800oC (1202oF to 1472oF). Both the temperature and mineral content of magma affect how easily it flows.

The viscosity (thickness) of the magma that erupts from a volcano affects the shape of the volcano. Volcanoes with steep slopes tend to form from very viscous magma, while flatter volcanoes form from magma that flows easily.

Media Credits

The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited.

Director

Tyson Brown, National Geographic Society

Author

National Geographic Society

Production Managers

Gina Borgia, National Geographic Society

Jeanna Sullivan, National Geographic Society

Program Specialists

Sarah Appleton, National Geographic Society, National Geographic Society

Margot Willis, National Geographic Society

other

Last Updated

October 19, 2023

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Magma is extremely hot liquid and semi-liquid rock located under Earth's surface. When magma flows onto Earth's surface, it is called lava.

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Be ejected from an active volcano.