# data[].attributes.body
An initial idea of mine was to locate a festival underwater, using the concept of climate change, in particular rising sea levels. A few names and ideas on touch points have been circling.

# data[].attributes.headline
Initial Research- Underwater Sunshine fest

# data[].attributes.subject
Initial Research- Underwater Sunshine fest

# data[].attributes.body
Whilst looking for festivals similar, I struggled, as there are only a select number of festivals that are located underwater, most of them being music related. I looked at 'Underwater Sunshine Fest' in particular, to see the style of branding in terms of the concept with typography, colours, icons etc. I am aware that using a blue could be considered to by generic to the theme of oceans, so with my colour selection I hope to try out a number of outcomes, with colours that can relate to both climate change and the ocean, whilst correlating well together.

# data[].attributes.body
touching on a problem, climate change
experience what future life will be like, with a city experience underwater, such as Manchester or New York.

# data[].attributes.body
Fun experience
Bucket List
Location, next to the sinkhole
Atlantis, a city underwater?

# data[].attributes.body
The 2 images below have been sourced from UnSplash, the visual side of me likes to take a look at images early on to see what is available for me to piece together ideas for certain compositions etc. I have found that (unsurprisingly) the primary colours are blue, which I want to move away from slightly, thus it is a possibility that I keep the use of images to a minimum, and lead with a typographic base, as it it also something that my style of work could experiment well with.

# data[].attributes.body
COMMUNITY
female empowerment festival
inspired by hk lecture BWC inclusive for people
target audience young, driven women, future female entrepreneurs, looking to start a business etc
possible touchpoints- guest speakers, books,
dua lipa album, for the recognition of women.

# data[].attributes.headline
young female entrepreneurs, guest speaker appearances, empowering young driven women 

# data[].attributes.subject
young female entrepreneurs, guest speaker appearances, empowering young driven women 

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Five inspirational books by trailblazing women

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The team picks five empowering reads by (and about) inspiring, trailblazing women

# data[].attributes.body
Another idea that I proposed was a female empowerment festival, I really like this idea as female empowerment and women in design is something that I feel strongly about, therefore can connect to quite personally in this project, however I am aware that as the brief was to brand an unique festival experience, that the underwater concept may be more suited. Regardless, I have conducted some research into some successful female entrepreneurs such as Grace Beverley and her book 'Working hard or hardly working'.

# data[].attributes.body
This website gave me some insight into female empowerment festivals currently happening around the world.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
May the world runs under democracy or dictatorship but the dominance of manpower has always been a common thing from the age-old decades. In this patriarchal world, women were dominated earlier and are being dominated until now. Even before the dawn of human civilization women were seen as sexual objects and the less privileged section of the society. Maybe it is Sita, Savitri, or Draupadi as per the Indian Hindu mythology, or may the French women marching in large numbers for their voting rights women always have to face all sorts of criticism and fight for heir respect and empowerment. But interestingly there many ancient festivals which celebrate the women power or Naari Shakti and their empowerment

Tekla Festival in Sweden

The Tekla Festival celebrated in the month of April in Stockholm of Sweden mainly focuses on encouraging the girls ranging from the age of 11 to 18 to nurture their interest in the fields of technology, science, engineering, and mathematics. In the field of technology, employment women are extremely less as compared to men. So to eradicate this workplace gender discrimination singer, Robin Carlsson has launched the Tekla fest on April 18, 2015. The festival mostly aspires the girls in adapting prospective career paths letting behind their personal hesitations and all societal taboos.

The Wild Women Fest in New York

The fest annually held in New Lebanon, New York mainly celebrates the motto of 'Be moved. Be fed. Be wild. With sisters.' The refreshing place and the soothing environment will help you in healing your inner self and the feminine energy. Women go wild and enjoy the fest to their fullest.

Chicago Women's Funny Festival in Chicago

Celebrated in the month of December in Chicago, Illinois the festival features on the female comedians. Several stand up artists and groups of female comedians come up with different comedic styles to showcase their skills and entertain the people. The festival has took a pace of over more than 500 acts in just four days across four stages.

Fete des Cuisinieres in French West Indies

The giant food festival held every year in the Island of Guadeloupe in French West Indies in the honour of the les cuisinieres, the women who are considered as the national treasure. The speciality of this place is that maximum number of restaurants are owned by these cuisinieres who preserve and maintain their highly thriving economy of several ancient decilious foods.

Women of The World Festival in London

The festival celebrated across the South Bank Centre of London in the month of march rejuvenates the achievements of girls and women who have overcome several obstacles and hurdles in their path of success. This UK based traveling festival was founded by Jude Kelly in 2010. Numerous innovators, activists, leaders, and other eminent female personalities attend the fest and speak on the subject matters like love, consent, politics, gay rights, etc.

World Wife Carrying in Finland

The competition carried out in Finland is one of the ancient practices of wife stealing which has now turned into a fun game and way of expressing your true love for your women. The couple should be above the age of 17 and can participate with their consents. What makes it more interesting is that the winning couple will be awarded beer weighing exactly the weight of his woman.

Sappho Women- International Eressos Women's Festival in Greece

The women's love for women is a festival celebrated in the month of September in the beach town of Eressos in Greece. Sappho, the lyrical poet from the Island of Lesbos welcomes multitudes of gay women for yearly pilgrimage. This beach festival celebrates the love of gay women and Sappho and her legacy. What makes it more enjoyable is the performances of various artists and dancers, fashion shows, workshops, etc taking place on the beach in the dusked sun and canopy of twinkling stars at night.

National Women's Music Festival in Wisconsin

To commemorate the work of women in the field of music, the festival is held every year which addresses the social issues a women is facing in her day to day life through music and poetries. This four day cultural fest is the best place to adore the women power and talents showcased through several stage performances.

Wise Women Weekend in Ireland

This is a perfect weekend the female travel bloggers. Every year the location and the theme of the festival changes and takes places in different fasicinating and eye catching places of Ireland. Concepts like Transformation, Emerging Anew and Transition have all been been thoroughly explored by the festival each year. Started in the year 2004 this travelling festival of women mainly celebrates the different changes a women undergoes in her life.

Festivals in India Celebrating the Women Empowerment

India is a diverse country celebrating numerous festivals to empitomise the power of women and women empowerment.

Raja Festival in Odisha

Observed in the month of Jyestha (June), the Raja festival symbolises menstruation and fertility. It celebrates the wetting of mother earth by the first raindrops of the mnsoon. In this 3 days long Odia festival unmarried girls get dressed beautifully in new dresses and sares and adorn their hair with tropical flowers. Girls play swings and enjoy the three days of Raja without doing any work except enjoying. The land is not cultivated during this time. The special delicacy of Raja is Poda Pitha and Raja Pana adding more excitment to the festival.

Navratri

Navratri or the nine nights celebrates the power or Shakti of the three goddesses, Durga, Saraswati and Lakshmi. The festival mainly signifies the victory of Goddess Durga over the devil. Each of the nine nights have its own prominence and colour. The Indian women attire themselves according to the colour of the day to celebrate the power of the deity. The people perform Garba dance in the night for all the nine days.

Durga Puja

As 'Mahishasurmardini', goddess Durga got victory over the demon Mahishasur to stabilize the good over evil. She stands out the stereotype of Hindu society and sets a great example of women empowerment. Several elegant pandals are made to idolize the beautiful and bold structures of Goddess Durga. The towns are the cities are decorated beautifully with lights and flowers. People are completely lost in merrymaking and trying traditional and delicious delicacies.

Diwali

Diwali, the festival of lights also signifies the victory of good over evil. Though it tells about the victory of Lord Rama over the demon Ravana the festival is actually commemorated about the suffering of chaste women or ideal women Devi Sita who had to prove her purity and innocence through the Agnipariksha. She stood for herself and brought up her two sons alone away from the kingdom of Ayodhya. It is the story of sacrifice and sufferings each and every woman undergoes in her life even in this modern era.

Ka Pomblang Nongkrem in Shillong

It is a world-famous festival among the Khasi tribe in Shillong which much known for the traditions and rituals commemorating the women's power. The social life of this tribe something very different and special. Here the boys go to their in-law's place after marriage and take up their wife's name. Women are held responsible for the steady economic growth and cultural life among the tribe. During the Ka Pomblang Nongkrem, the high priestess recites the ceremonial mantras and the tribal communities gather before the Holy Mother and God Shillong and pay for better health and prosperity.

The festivals mentioned above are a mark to pay respect towards women and empower them. Women are not be oppressed and victimized rather they are to be respected. They should be given equal status in society. It is very well said that educating women will educate the nation. Therefore let's celebrate womanhood and empower her not only through festivals but also in our day to day to lives by educating and respecting her.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Festivals across the world celebrating women empowerment - Utkal Today

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
May the world runs under democracy or dictatorship but the dominance of manpower has always been a common thing from the age-old decades. In this patriarchal world, women were dominated earlier and are being dominated until now. Even before the dawn of human civilization women were seen as sexual objects and the less privileged section of the society.

# data[].attributes.body
something slightly different to generic female colour palettes?
focus on type? filled with quotes from female entrepreneurs?

# data[].attributes.body
Similar as the 1st idea, but a female art festival, celebrating female artists and designers and celebrating how much design has shifted to become more equal

AIM: to showcase, empower and celebrate female creative working in the design industry

making it unique: ALL MALE target audience? will some aspects of the design have to change to appeal to male audience? colour, aesthetic etc?

OR target audience could be female, young, ambitious designers

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
To mark 100 years since women were first given the vote, we celebrate the achievements of female designers.

# data[].attributes.body
Again, these images are sourced from UnSplash. I felt really connected to these images, as coming from a female in design, I can see how this image could portray how female artists/designers could feel invisible in this industry, like no one knows their name. It could also work as an element of surprise, if you don't know the name of the designer/artist, your only opinion on the art can be the work itself, no other opinion based on the gender of background of the artist.

# data[].attributes.body
A part of my research has included taking a look at some female designers, there is such a broad range of incredible work that a possibility could be to use only research and inspiration from female artists and designers to inform this project/festival.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Collaborating with our friends at Shillington, the original graphic design boot camp, we've highlighted some of Shillington's recent graduates from its six campuses around the world.

From London and Manchester to New York, Sydney and Melbourne, the following creatives have either just stepped onto the career ladder or have changed course to do something more of what they love. Join us as we take a closer look at these women and their recent work for brands, both large and small.

As today is International Women's Day - an important date in the calendar that celebrates women's achievements and seeks to make the world an equal place - we thought we'd champion 25 female graphic designers and illustrators that are making waves in the industry.

We've, of course, highlighted some of Shillington's recent graduates from our six campuses around the world - from London and Manchester to New York, Sydney and Melbourne. But you'll also see recommendations from elsewhere, including those who are just starting on their creative path to others who've switched careers to do something they love. Here, we'll take a closer look at these women and explore their recent projects for brands and companies worldwide.

Juliette van Rhyn has designed printed textiles for fashion and interiors for the last decade and today works as a freelance print and graphic designer in London. A graduate of Shillington's London campus, she is driven by a love of colour and strives for a sense of tactility, playfulness and atmosphere in her designs.

One of Shillington's Sydney teachers, Missy Dempsey is a multi-disciplinary creative focused on spreading joy and optimism. You'll certainly smile when you see Missy's cheerful work, which spans graphic design, illustration, animation and art direction. Here, we share Missy's work for Sydney's Mardi Gras Film Festival, an event that she's supported for over five years. This year's festival artwork invites you to have some fun and enjoy queer storytelling at its best.

Hélène Baum-Owoyele is an afropean illustrator based in Berlin. Originally a trained graphic designer, she enjoys creating colourful, vibrant images which draw inspiration from her multi-cultural background. With clients such as Tate and The New York Times, her watercolour and vector artworks have been used in various contexts, from the editorial to advertising, through children's books.

A graduate of Shillington's Manchester campus, Louise Brady is a designer now based in Dublin, working at Zero-G, a brand and strategy studio whose clients include Vodafone, Trinity College Dublin and Amnesty International. Louise previously worked as an art director for film and TV and as a visual artist and illustrator - an experience which she says made her resilient. "I approach my work from a place of empathy. I always strive to forge a meaningful connection with an audience that informs them through design and leaves a lasting impression," she says.

As a child, Niamh Tulley was always drawing. It was a full-time obsession that led to her studying Fine Art at the prestigious Camberwell College of Arts. But Niamh found herself working in a more corporate setting following graduation, working in events and communications for a hospitality brand. It was here that she became envious of her graphic design colleagues and spurred her to apply for a Shillington scholarship, which she won, and the rest is history. Today, the London graduate is working as an independent brand designer, doing what she loves.

Khadijah Abdul Nabi was a freelance designer in her hometown of Erbil, Iraq, but found it hard to gain the necessary skills. To address this, she packed her bags and spent three months studying graphic design at Shillington's London campus. Since graduating, Khadijah has moved back to Erbil, worked on Iraq's first business incubator, appeared on television, built a community of Iraqi female creatives, all while documenting her journey as a female designer in her home country on her YouTube channel.

One of Shillington's teachers for its online course, Maaya Lad is a creative designer whose inspiration stems from her Indian heritage - something apparent in her work, too. Using vibrant yet refreshing colours and geometric patterns, Maaya's work covers many different themes from culture and environment to the female experience and diversity.

Vanesa Álvarez is a Spanish visual artist and muralist based in Brooklyn. She has a degree in Plastic Arts and Design and works with graphics, performing arts, fashion, poetry, and urban art. Álvarez has made large-scale murals in Spain and New York, photography and graphic exhibitions in art galleries in Spain, Portugal, and New York, and poetic actions in Mexico, too.

She also loves to work with people in art workshops and collaborative murals. Álvarez has published two illustrated books for children, and she is a co-director of the International Kerouac Festival of Poetry and Performance, which has been a platform for the exchange of artist between America and Europe for 10 years. In all her art and murals there is a search for equality, the empowerment of women, and creation as the future and union of the community.

We're big fans of Faride Mereb, the award-winning book designer, researcher and editor with over ten years of experience in design. Originally from Venezuela, she's currently based in New York City. "Having Caribbean and Middle eastern heritage and a profound love of books has deeply influenced my work, giving it a specific hybrid nature," she states on her website.

Oyinkan Karunwi developed an interest in design while studying law at university. She dedicated her free time to designing posters for parties and events whenever friends needed some help. Despite having a passion for creativity, she continued to work in law for three years as a business advisor in Nigeria. But there was always a creative itch where she wanted design to be more than just a side hustle. After learning about Shillington from a family friend, she decided to go to its New York campus. Since graduating from there, Oyinkan is back in Nigeria and has founded her studio, specialising in brand strategy. She hopes to contribute to the growing design community and positively impact creative literacy for upcoming Nigerian designers.

Majo Crespo is from Guatemala City and has a background in creative development, marketing and strategy. While on a trip to New York, she discovered Shillington and decided to enrol in its full-time course to boost her technical skills. Since then, she has been the co-founder and strategic designer at Facético; a design studio focused on helping companies launch products and services. She's also worked as the head of design and experience for Tecki, a Latin American start-up helping older people with using tech devices. She's now the founder of her studio, crafting identities and campaigns for brands worldwide.

Crafting up technicolour illustrations for packaging designs and rainbow-coloured identities for various brands, Amanda Lobos is an artist and designer based in Brazil. She's currently a junior creative analyst at Time For Fun - a leading live entertainment company in South America - and is also freelancing on the side. She's finishing her design degree at Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. One to watch.

Yasmin Banks is a talented creative based in Manchester who has been freelancing since she graduated with a graphic design degree from The University of Salford in 2019. On the side, she's the founder of Proper Talk, a platform that aims to amplify graduates' voices within the creative industry. We love her typographic-led style and use of colour.

Jillian Adel is an artist, activist, and designer currently living and working in Los Angeles. She believes that "the way we show up in our art is the way we show up in our communities and that we shouldn't have to compromise on either front".

Her current design practice focuses on movie and entertainment design (key art), editorial illustration, lettering, and social impact projects, with most recent clients including The Criterion Collection, Netflix, and The New York Times. She has spent time "in and around the worlds of typography, pole dance and sensual movement, storytelling, and sex-positive spaces," all of which inform the "weaves and wefts" of her commercial art, paintings, and most recently, ceramics, which can be seen on her Instagram.

Born in Nigeria and based in New York City through Trinidad, Scotland and Minnesota, Nneka Njoku is an award-winning graphic designer and illustrator who today runs her own studio in the Big Apple. Her recent work for publishing platform Legacy scooped an American Graphic Design Award in 2020. Nneka is a graduate of Shillington's New York campus.

Vanessa Low describes herself as an "all-round creative with a critical eye for visual communication and a passion for designing with colour and care". With a background in art theory and graphic design, she has worked as a freelance writer, photographer and designer for over a decade. Also known as Van, she's a graduate of Shillington's Sydney campus. "For me, art has the valuable potential to reveal alternate perspectives on life and to capture the human experience in new, intimate and insightful ways," Van tells us.

Carolyn Hawkins is an artist living in Naarm, Melbourne in Australia, whose practice spans graphic design, printmaking, illustration, ceramics, writing, animation, and various musical projects. A graduate of Shillington's Melbourne campus, she's designed campaigns and identities for local brands and organisations. She has also scooped an Indigo Design Award for her work on Cô Cò Pavilion. One to add to your watch list.

Ping Ni used to be a product manager for string instruments at Eastman Music Company before deciding to mix things up and seek a more creative career. After a "disastrous" semester of graphic design at college, she enrolled at Shillington's Melbourne campus. Since graduating, she now calls herself a "newly minted" graphic designer and has moved to Washington, DC, where she works on freelance projects, doing what she loves. It doesn't get better than that.

One of Shillington's teachers at its New York campus, Cathy Sison is a graphic designer, art director and calligrapher based in the Big Apple. A lover of design, type and photography, Kyashi - as she's also known - also curates words and positive affirmations via @kyashi_writes on Instagram.

Another Shillington teacher, this time from London, Lizzie Curtis calls herself a "versatile" designer, illustrator and maker with "bags of experience across the branding process", from the "big picture to the details". We love her work for Ruffer, an investment firm that she supported during her time as a senior designer at Sparks Studio with character animation by Emma Ehrling.

Sophy Hollington is an illustrator and artist living in Brighton, UK. Her gorgeous work takes the form of relief prints, created using the lengthy process of lino-cutting. While on a personal note, she loves to explore themes from meteoric folklore to alchemical symbolism, and she's interested in "wrangling the most out-there ideas to make them tangible". Clients include The New York Times, The New Yorker, and Bloomberg Businessweek.

Harkiran Kalsi, otherwise known as Harky, is a freelance graphic designer and illustrator based in London. She has worked for organisations and brands such as Comic Relief, BBC Children in Need, London Marathon Events, #Merky Books, Footlocker and NBA. As a lettering and mural artist, she has created murals for schools and companies across London and her work has also appeared across billboards highlighting issues around racism and inequality.

Carmela Caldart is a Brazilian illustrator and GIF-maker based in Barcelona. Her work is often bold, colourful and lighthearted. But it also touches on issues she's passionate about and "making sure to be as diverse, inclusive, and accessible as possible," as she puts it. "Through my work, I strive to break down paradigms and stereotypes about bodies, portraying women who are confident, strong, present, badass, and who take up space."

Cindy Kang is an award-winning artist and illustrator based in Seoul, South Korea. Since graduating from the School of Visual Arts in New York City with a BFA in Illustration, Cindy has been freelancing and working for clients such as Samsung and Slate. Her colourful illustrations are full of heart and are often inspired by her surroundings and emotional responses.

Maria Midttun is a Norwegian illustrator currently living and working in London. She regularly self-publishes zines and artist books and is also a visiting tutor on the Arts University Bournemouth illustration course. Follow her on Instagram where she shares her beautiful, delicate illustrations and collages, many of which you can buy.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
25 exciting female graphic designers and illustrators to follow this International Women's Day

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Collaborating with our friends at Shillington, the original graphic design boot camp, we've highlighted some of Shillington's recent graduates from its six campuses around the world. From London and Manchester to New York, Sydney and Melbourne, the following creatives have either just stepped onto the career ladder or have changed course to do something more of what they love.

# data[].attributes.body
Carolyn Hawkins is an artist living in Naarm, Melbourne in Australia, whose practice spans graphic design, printmaking, illustration, ceramics, writing, animation, and various musical projects.

# data[].attributes.body
Design by Women is a platform that celebrates successful female designers. Taking a look at their work is inspiring and also gives me the idea that artists like these could be a part of my touch points, as guest speakers and workshops in the festival.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Design by Women aims to showcase, empower and celebrate women and under-represented creatives currently working in the design industry and to inspire women wanting to pursue a career in design.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Identity refresh and branding for the cultural event in New York City, launched to coincide with its twentieth anniversary.

# data[].attributes.body
The piece of moving image on the Tribecca Festival website immediately stood out to me over the rest. The bright colours help with the eye catching element, however it was the movement of the typography that caught my eye the most. The letters begin in a cluster together in the centre of the composition, and slowly spread out and move away from the centre, forming the name of the festival in a combination of sizes.

# data[].attributes.body
Again, this poster composition for 'Building Cycles' is one of my favourites as I think the typography has been handles really well above the bright yellow, it is really clear to read despite the bold yellow background and the playful element of hand rendered is inspiring.

# data[].attributes.body
I chose this sequence of posters from Pentagram, as it made me consider that the generic form of posters being placed together in a sequence doesn't have to mean that they are all the same size. A form similar to this is something that I would like to consider in my project if I take on a similar approach for a touchpoint outcome.

# data[].attributes.body
Some visual inspiration for this project, in particular the bright colour palette that I want to incorporate regardless of which festival concept I choose. Inspired by studios such as 'Yukiko' and 'My Name is Wendy'.

# data[].attributes.body
The project ‘tech central’ stood out to me in particular on this website for the chunky type, with small gaps in between the letterforms. This gave me a possible avenue for development with the idea of sea levels rising. I could cut up the top and bottom halves of the letters and it could be an illustrative colour split to show waves rising up the letters.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Branding and strategy is our approach. Design, storytelling and technology are our tools. But creating something For The People is always our goal.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.embed_code
View this post on Instagram

A post shared by Two Times Elliott (@twotimeselliott)

# data[].attributes.body
focus touchpoints on the marketing side
tanks of water in the city
posters with facts on, slowly fading away, really likes the purely type based idea

# data[].attributes.body
could cut out small cards with facts on, cut the corners to emulate waves? and have them scattered around the city?

Use the thick card that I have to print them off, get large white card, and photoshoot it at home. May need to print the designs off at uni and glue them over the thick card at home?

Above is my thought process behind designing, printing and marketing the idea of tickets that could be given out around the city to anyone that comes across them.

# data[].attributes.body
I also think that a concertina poster could work really well with this festival, as the handling of a concertina could represent the idea of things emerging and submerging, as the brochure becomes folded and pulled open.

# data[].attributes.body
5th June to Friday 14th June 2022. Crossing paths with world oceans day.

# data[].attributes.body
The below websites are all of the sources of research I have used to gather facts and figures from, for my typographic information compositions.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
As humans continue to pour greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, oceans have tempered the effect. The world's seas have absorbed more than 90 percent of the heat from these gases, but it's taking a toll on our oceans: 2021 set a new record for ocean heating.

Rising seas is one of those climate change effects. Average sea levels have swelled over 8 inches (about 23 cm) since 1880, with about three of those inches gained in the last 25 years. Every year, the sea rises another .13 inches (3.2 mm.) Research published in February 2022 shows that sea level rise is accelerating and projected to rise by a foot by 2050.

That translates into as much sea level rise in the next 30 years as occurred over the last century, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Rick Spinrad, the NOAA administrator, called the findings "historic," and warned that the projected rise will occur even if carbon emissions are drastically cut.

(How carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases contribute to climate change.)

In the United States, the most vulnerable populations live on the East and Gulf Coasts, where damaging flooding is predicted to occur 10 times more often in 2050 than it does today. The acceleration of sea level rise along these coasts is "unprecedented in at least 120 years," according to a study published in April 2023.

Here's what you need to know about the causes-and consequences-of sea level rise.

Causes of sea level rise

The change in sea levels is linked to three primary factors, all induced by ongoing global climate change:

Thermal expansion: When water heats up, it expands. About half of the sea-level rise over the past 25 years is attributable to warmer oceans simply occupying more space.

Melting glaciers: Large ice formations such as mountain glaciers naturally melt a bit each summer. In the winter, snows, primarily from evaporated seawater, are generally sufficient to balance out the melting. Recently, though, persistently higher temperatures caused by global warming have led to greater-than-average summer melting as well as diminished snowfall due to later winters and earlier springs. That creates an imbalance between runoff and ocean evaporation, causing sea levels to rise.

Loss of Greenland and Antarctica's ice sheets: As with mountain glaciers, increased heat is causing the massive ice sheets that cover Greenland and Antarctica to melt more quickly. Scientists also believe that meltwater from above and seawater from below is seeping beneath Greenland's ice sheets, effectively lubricating ice streams and causing them to move more quickly into the sea. While melting in West Antarctica has drawn considerable focus from scientists, especially with the 2017 break in the Larsen C ice shelf, glaciers in East Antarctica are also showing signs of destabilizing.

Consequences

When sea levels rise as rapidly as they have been, even a small increase can have devastating effects on coastal habitats farther inland, it can cause destructive erosion, wetland flooding, aquifer and agricultural soil contamination with salt, and lost habitat for fish, birds, and plants.

(Here's how warming oceans affects wildlife and storm systems.)

Higher sea levels are coinciding with more dangerous hurricanes and typhoons that move more slowly and drop more rain, contributing to more powerful storm surges that can strip away everything in their path. One study found that between 1963 and 2012, almost half of all deaths from Atlantic hurricanes were caused by storm surges.

Already, flooding in low-lying coastal areas is forcing people to migrate to higher ground, and millions more are vulnerable from flood risk and other climate change effects. The prospect of higher coastal water levels threatens basic services such as Internet access, since much of the underlying communications infrastructure lies in the path of rising seas.

Adapting to the threat

As a result of these risks, many coastal cities are already planning adaptation measures to cope with the long-term prospects of higher sea levels, often at considerable cost. Building seawalls, rethinking roads, and planting mangroves or other vegetation to absorb water are all being undertaken.

In Jakarta, a $40 billion project will aim to protect the city with an 80-foot-high seawall. Rotterdam, home to the Global Center on Adaptation, has offered a model to other cities seeking to combat flooding and land loss. The Dutch city has built barriers, drainage, and innovative architectural features such as a "water square" with temporary ponds.

Of course, communities vulnerable to rising seas can only go so far in holding back the tide. In the Marshall Islands, where rising sea levels are forcing a choice between relocating or building up the land, residents will need help from other nations if they decide to undertake the expensive latter option.

How high will it go?

Most predictions say the warming of the planet will continue and is likely to accelerate, causing the oceans to keep rising. This means hundreds of coastal cities face flooding. But forecasting how much and how soon seas will rise remains an area of ongoing research.

A special report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change says we can expect the oceans to rise between 10 and 30 inches (26 to 77 centimeters) by 2100 with temperatures warming 1.5 °C. That's enough to seriously affect many of the cities along the U.S. East Coast. Another analysis based on NASA and European data skewed toward the higher end of that range, predicting a rise of 26 inches (65 centimeters) by the end of this century if the current trajectory continues.

If all the ice that currently exists on Earth in glaciers and sheets melted it would raise sea level by 216 feet. That could cause entire states and even some countries to disappear under the waves, from Florida to Bangladesh. That's not a scenario scientists think is likely, and it would probably take many centuries, but it could eventually happen if the world keeps burning fossil fuels indiscriminately.

In the meantime, scientists keep refining their models of sea-level changes. They also point out that the extent to which countries work together to limit release of more greenhouse gases may have a significant impact on how quickly seas rise, and how much.

Editor's Note: This story was originally published on February 19, 2019. It has been updated with new data.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Seas are predicted to rise a foot by 2050, regardless of how much global carbon emissions can be reduced. Why is this happening, and what can we do to adapt?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The ocean is coming for us. Global sea levels are now rising by 3.6 millimeters per year, up from an average rate of 1.4 mm per year last century. In just 80 years, the ocean could be more than 1 meter (3.3 feet) taller than it is today.

That's according to a major report from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), released in September, which updated the scientific projections for Earth's oceans and cryosphere. More than 100 scientists from 36 countries assessed the latest relevant research for the report, referencing about 7,000 scientific publications. Sea levels are now rising more than twice as quickly as they were last century, the report concludes, and they're still accelerating.

Sea levels will continue rising for centuries no matter what we do, the report's authors warn, but we can still influence how far and fast they rise. They might only rise 30 to 60 centimeters (1 to 2 feet) by 2100 if greenhouse gas emissions are "sharply reduced," but might rise 60 to 110 cm (2 to 3.6 feet) by 2100 if emissions continue rising as they are today. Under the least optimistic scenario, sea levels could rise by an astounding 15 mm (0.6 inches) every year by 2100 - about four times faster than the current yearly rise of 3.6 mm.

A separate research team reached a similar albeit more alarming conclusion. By looking at more globally representative elevation data, scientists with Climate Central found that three times more coastal residents will be vulnerable to high-tide flooding and sea-level rise than previously thought. Their October 2019 report estimated that areas where 200 million people currently live could fall permanently below the high tide line by 2100.

This kind of planetary sea change can be hard to fathom - unless you live in a low-lying place like Miami, the Maldives or the Marshall Islands, where the effects of sea-level rise are already apparent. But within just a few decades, the problem will become unavoidable in major coastal cities around the world, from New Orleans, New York and Amsterdam to Calcutta, Bangkok and Tokyo.

We all know why this is happening. Rising seas are one of the most salient effects of man-made climate change, triggered by thermal expansion of seawater as well as the influx of melting glaciers. Yet many people still see it as a distant risk, failing to grasp how (relatively) quickly the sea is swallowing shores worldwide. And since half of all humans now live within 60 kilometers (37 miles) of a coast, this isn't a niche issue.

To help put things in perspective, here's a deeper dive on rising seas:

1. Global Sea Levels Have Already Risen by 8 Inches (200 mm) Since 1880

The chart above was produced by NASA's Earth Observatory, based on data from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO). Most of those historical data come from tide-gauge measurements, which are now complemented by satellite observations.

2. Not Only Are Sea Levels Rising; the Rate of Their Rise Is Rising

This chart shows the rate at which sea-level rise is increasing from year to year. (Image: NASA GSFC)

On average, sea levels rose by 1.4 mm from 1900 to 2000. The yearly pace had surpassed 3 mm by 2010, and now it's up to 3.6 mm per year, according to the IPCC.

3. That's the Fastest Sea-Level Rise Earth Has Experienced in 3,000 Years

If not for surging carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, sea levels should have only risen about an inch or two last century, and might have even fallen. Instead, thanks to the highest CO2 levels at any point in human history, global sea levels rose by 5.5 inches (14 cm) between 1900 and 2000. That's the fastest oceanic advance in 27 centuries, according to a study published in February 2016, and it's still speeding up.

"The 20th century rise was extraordinary in the context of the last three millennia - and the rise over the last two decades has been even faster," says lead author Robert Kopp, a climate scientist at Rutgers University, in a statement.

"Scenarios of future rise depend upon our understanding of the response of sea level to climate changes," adds co-author Benjamin Horton. "Accurate estimates of sea-level variability during the past 3,000 years provide a context for such projections."

4. Every Vertical Inch of Sea-Level Rise Moves the Ocean 50 to 100 Inches Inland

One inch may not sound like much, but it's an extra inch of ocean, not water in a rain gauge. Earth's oceans hold about 321 million cubic miles of water, and are generally more like a bowl than a beaker, with sloping sides. According to NASA, every vertical inch of sea-level rise covers 50 to 100 lateral inches (1.3 to 2.5 meters) of beach.

5. That's Already Causing Flood Problems in Many Big Coastal Cities

As the ocean invades coastal cities, the first signs of trouble are often urban saltwater floods. These can also happen naturally, though, so to determine the influence of rising seas, a 2016 report by Climate Central models "alternative histories simulating the absence of anthropogenic climate change" at 27 U.S. tide gauges.

Out of 8,726 days since 1950 when unaltered water levels exceeded the National Weather Service thresholds for local "nuisance" floods, 5,809 didn't exceed those thresholds in the alternative histories. "In other words," the report explains, "human-caused global sea level rise effectively tipped the balance, pushing high-water events over the threshold, for about two-thirds of the observed flood days."

Coastal flooding days have more than doubled in the U.S. since the 1980s, according to the report, in places ranging from Miami, Virginia Beach and New York to San Francisco, Seattle and Honolulu. According to a 2014 report, at least 180 floods will strike Annapolis, Maryland, during high tides every year by 2030 - sometimes twice a day. The same will be true for about a dozen other U.S. cities by 2045, not to mention many other low-lying urban areas around the world.

6. Sea Levels Could Rise Another 1.3 Meters (4.3 Feet) in the Next 80 Years

This map shows areas that would flood (marked in red) due to 1-meter sea-level rise. (Image: NASA)

In its September 2019 report, the IPCC raised its upper projection for sea levels at the end of this century, warning the ocean could rise by 1.1 meters (3.6 feet) before 2100. Some projections go even higher - a 2016 study, for example, suggested global sea levels will likely rise 0.5 to 1.3 meters (1.6 to 4.3 feet) by the end of this century if greenhouse gas emissions aren't rapidly reduced. Even if the 2015 Paris Agreement does spur ambitious climate policy, sea levels are still projected to rise 20 to 60 cm (7.8 to 23.6 inches) by 2100. Taken with the longer-term effects from melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, that means any strategy to endure sea-level rise must involve adaptation plans as well as efforts to slow the trend.

7. Up to 216 Million People Currently Live on Land That Will Be Below Sea Level or Regular Flood Levels by 2100

Of the estimated 147 million to 216 million people in harm's way, between 41 million and 63 million live in China. Twelve nations have more than 10 million people living on land at risk from sea-level rise, including China as well as India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Indonesia and Japan. Bangladesh is especially vulnerable, identified by the U.N. as the country most in danger from rising seas. Once the ocean rises by 1.5 meters (4.9 feet) next century, it will affect 16% of Bangladesh's land area and 15% of its population - that's 22,000 km ² (8,500 mi ²) and 17 million people.

The situation is also urgent for low-lying island nations like Kiribati, the Maldives, the Marshall Islands and the Solomon Islands, where land is already so close to sea level that a few inches make a world of difference. Some are even mulling mass relocations - the government of Kiribati, for one, has a web page outlining its strategy for "migration with dignity." A town on Taro Island, the capital of Choiseul Province in the Solomon Islands, is also planning to move its entire population in response to rising seas. The small community of Newtok, Alaska, has already begun the difficult process of transplanting itself away from the encroaching coast.

8. Sea-Level Rise Can Contaminate Water Used for Drinking and Irrigation

Rising sea levels can help more saltwater infiltrate freshwater aquifers. (Illustration: Paul M. Barlow/USGS)

In addition to surface flooding, sea-level rise can both push up the freshwater table and contaminate it with seawater, a phenomenon known as saltwater intrusion. Many coastal areas rely on aquifers for drinking water and irrigation, and once they're tainted by saltwater they may be unsafe for humans as well as crops.

It is possible to remove salt from water, but the process is complex and costly. San Diego County recently opened the Western Hemisphere's largest desalination plant, for example, and several other sites are proposed in the state. Yet that may not be practical for many coastal communities, especially in less wealthy nations.

9. It Can Also Threaten Coastal Plant and Animal Life

Humans aren't the only ones who'll suffer as sea levels rise. Any coastal plants or animals that can't quickly move to new, less flood-prone habitats could face dire consequences. As one study published in Royal Society Open Science noted, sea turtles have a long-established habit of laying eggs on beaches, which need to stay relatively dry for their babies to hatch.

Inundation for one to three hours reduced egg viability by less than 10%, the study's authors found, but six hours underwater cut viability by about 30%. "All embryonic developmental stages were vulnerable to mortality from saltwater inundation," the researchers write. Even for hatchlings that do survive, being starved of oxygen in the egg could lead to developmental problems later in life, they add.

Other beach life may also be at risk, including plants. Another 2015 study in Nature Climate Change found that some salt marshes can adapt, both by growing vertically and by moving inland, but not all flora will be so fortunate. "Trees have to work harder to pull water out of salty soil; as a result, their growth can be stunted - and if the soil is salty enough, they will die, a common sign of sea-level rise," Climate Central explains. "Even trees that are especially suited to salty soil can't survive repeated flooding by seawater."

10. Global Flood Damage for Large Coastal Cities Could Cost $1 Trillion a Year If Cities Don't Take Steps to Adapt

This Google Earth simulation shows a Tokyo neighborhood with 1.3-meter sea-level rise. (Image: Google Earth)

The average global losses from flooding in 2005 were about $6 billion, but the World Bank estimates they'll rise to $52 billion per year by 2050 based on socioeconomic changes alone. (That means things like increasing coastal populations and property value.) If you add the effects of sea-level rise and sinking land - which is happening even faster in some places - the cost could surge to $1 trillion per year.

11. It's Too Late to Stop Sea-Level Rise - but Not Too Late to Save Lives From It

Unfortunately, CO2 emissions linger in the atmosphere for centuries, and today's CO2 levels have already committed Earth to dangerous sea-level rise. About 99% of all freshwater ice resides in two ice sheets: one in Antarctica and one in Greenland. Both are expected to melt if humanity's CO2 output isn't curbed quickly, but the question is when - and how much damage we still have time to prevent.

The Greenland ice sheet is smaller and melting more quickly. If it completely melted, sea levels would rise by about 6 meters (20 feet). The Antarctic ice sheet has been more buffered from warming so far, but it's hardly immune, and would raise the ocean by 60 meters (200 feet) if it melted. (Estimates vary widely on how long these ice sheets might survive - while most expect they'll take centuries or millennia to melt, a controversial paper published in 2015 suggested it could happen much more quickly.)

Sea levels have naturally risen and receded for billions of years, but they've never risen this quickly in modern history - and they've never had so much human help. It's unclear what effect they'll have on our species, but what is clear is that our descendants will still be dealing with this problem long after we're all gone. Giving them a head start on a solution is the least we can do.

"With all the greenhouse gases we already emitted, we cannot stop the seas from rising altogether, but we can substantially limit the rate of the rise by ending the use of fossil fuels," said Anders Levermann, a climate scientist at Columbia University and co-author of the 2016 study on future sea-level rise. "We try to give coastal planners what they need for adaptation planning, be it building dikes, designing insurance schemes for flooding or mapping long-term settlement retreat."

As a study published in Nature Climate Change noted, any policy decisions made in the next few years and decades "will have profound impacts on global climate, ecosystems and human societies - not just for this century, but for the next ten millennia and beyond."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The ocean is coming for us. Global sea levels are now rising by 3.6 millimeters per year, up from an average rate of 1.4 mm per year last century. In just 80 years, the ocean could be more than 1 meter (3.3 feet) taller than it is today.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.keywords[]
climate: 15 scary facts about rising seas (opinion) - cnn

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Climate: 15 scary facts about rising seas (Opinion) - CNN

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
I'm recently back from the Marshall Islands -- one of the low-lying Pacific island nations that literally could be wiped off the map by climate change.

# data[].attributes.body
Inspired by the Tribecca moving image type, I have tested something similar out with my logo/type.

# data[].attributes.body
These are some icons developed from the ideas behind my touchpoints. A section to understand the ocean, a sleeping zone and a restaurant/meat free zone.

# data[].attributes.body
Visually, piecing the eating zone together using menus could be a starting point, however I have found that I am struggling with forming ideas to touch points regarding events that will happen in the festival, as nothing like this has been done before from my research. Therefore I will seek some feedback from my deck presentation next week, to see if i can gather any new ideas or directions to take my festival,

# data[].attributes.headline
Finalsing my visual identity with a colour scheme below

# data[].attributes.subject
Finalsing my visual identity with a colour scheme below

# data[].attributes.body
I am really pleased with the final colour scheme that I have developed. I think that it was a long time coming as I struggled with the option of whether to include bright blues from the ocean or not. I think this one works well as it touches on both climate change and the coral colours of the ocean.

# data[].attributes.body
Following feedback, the slight change in my festival is the target audience of young people, such as school children.

My reason for this is the friendly nature of my hand rendered type and the lack of images that present a positive festival for change.

# data[].attributes.body
This is the website where I have discovered some of the best mock-ups for a concertina brochure that I am going to develop for one of my touchpoints.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Download your file and check for more stunning free design resources which you might be also interested in. Below appear our most recently added resources.

# data[].attributes.body
Taking an initial mock-up of a newspaper pile, I have taken my hand rendered typographic outcomes and placed them onto the mock-up. The idea behind this is that the pages can be pulled out of the newspaper and will fold out into large scale posters that can be taken home as a gift.

# data[].attributes.body
Taking my type developments, this was a case of finding dimensions of a concertina and placing my work onto them in a way that presents the type as visually appealing, yet easy for young people to read and understand. I think that I have done this well with the colour choices and white space around some of the type.

# data[].attributes.body
For the other side of the concertina, I have decided to keep it more simple, using lots of white space, and including the 4 locations of the travelling submarine. London, Southampton, Liverpool and Glasgow.

The submarine will travel up the country over 10 days, and dock in at each location for the ticket holders to come and see the event, which will be similar to a science aquaium. Filled with facts, fun games, and goodies to take home.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
PHRASOS | Animated Stickers Pack Design [FREE DOWNLOAD]

# data[].attributes.body
Mock-up

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Description & details

Today's special resource is a high quality canvas tote bag mock-up which you may use freely to showcase your branding design in a photorealistic manner. Apply your design on the tote bag by editing the smart layer and change the background color if necessary.

You may also like

What do you think?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Today's special resource is a high quality canvas tote bag mock-up which you may use freely to showcase your branding design in a photorealistic manner. Apply your design on the tote bag by editing the smart layer and change the background color if necessary.

# data[].attributes.headline
inspiration/research for presenting my mock-ups

# data[].attributes.subject
inspiration/research for presenting my mock-ups

# data[].attributes.body
Whilst looking for a suitable mock-up, I found a project on behance and I loved the way that the tote bags were presented as part of the branding, this is something that I will consider when mocking my touchpoints up.

# data[].attributes.body
Here, small elements such as changing the background photo have helped to bring the bag into part of the branding rather than just being used as a mock-up for the touchpoint.

# data[].attributes.body
life water
logo or type on the bottle
encouraging a sustainable lifestyle

# data[].attributes.body
I have found a suitable billboard mockup online, and using my branding elements that I have developed, my aim is to make something on the billboard animate, to give an exciting element to passers by to notice.

# data[].attributes.body
possible advertistment compositon

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Today's freebie is a reusable water bottle mockup in PSD format. You can use the resource to showcase your branding identity or logo design.

# data[].attributes.body
The first workshop was a great insight into creating icons and logos as an element to the branding project. Here, I was working from home as I was isolating with covid-19, so I took it upon myself to conduct the workshop from home and took a photograph of my cup of tea. I then chose to work with the font 'Helvetica bold' as it is quite diverse and can be manipulated quite well, and you can still pick out the font as it is so well known all over the world.

# data[].attributes.body
In the second workshop, I chose to reflect my sport tennis in the paper. The red and yellow, and white and red, represent a birds eye view of the lines on a tennis court, and the blue and white represents a tennis net, however I can see that it could also be portrayed as a keyboard too, which could represent my digital hobbies in graphic design.

# data[].attributes.body
The art direction workshop was really interactive and playful, it made me think more about what the foreground of an image can be when you cut out the more distracting elements. In our group we took a red chair (bright and bold against other elements) and took it on a journey around the campus. starting in the art school, onto the roads around oxford road, and finally flying in the air around all saints park.

# data[].attributes.body
Printing them off and adding a frame around helped me to cut out the distracting elements, so the viewer will now just seen a floating chair, and not Lucy lobbing it in the air!

I think if I selected my other images of the chair still, it would have made for a more pleasing composition to look at, however I am pleased with the outcomes and the journey and playfulness of the workshop that they showcase.

# data[].attributes.body
This workshop has been one of my favourites so far. I was branding an identity for Sophie. I asked her questions such as, what is her style? Is she illustrative? Type? what is her favourite shape? What is something about her that we don't know/is interesting? Does she have a nickname? What is her favourite colour scheme.

Sophie works on her ipad using procreate often, and this is reflected in the hand rendered type that I produced for her logo.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Free Roadside Billboard Mockup | Mockuptree

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The best Billboard Mockup is a roadside advertising billboard to display your ads, messages, or brand launch. This free mockup of roadside advertising billboard is super easy to edit and comes in a high-resolution file.

# data[].attributes.body
My favourite films are Home Alone, so when choosing the film quote, I went with this iconic scene from Home Alone. The large space between the words reflects the gap between the words being spoken in the film. So the type takes you on a journey from the top of the composition to the bottom as you read the quote. Black and white was a simple choice as I wanted to purely focus on the type and not allow any colour to distract from this.

# data[].attributes.body
This was some quick research into wayfinding, as it could be something that could be an element of the festival, if I don't have time to consider this for my portfolio, this could be something that can come back to in the future if I ever wanted to revisit this project.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Are you looking wayfinding signage mockup to showcase your designs? In our website, you can find the best wayfinding signage mockups.

The post contains both free and premium wayfinding signage mockups. If you think the free ones are not what you are looking for, try the premium ones. They are extremely professional and will leave a great impression on your clients. Create a realistic wayfinding signage for your client in few seconds. You can also see Best Best Shop Signage Mockup Templates.

1. Free Wayfinding Sign Mock-up - PSD

2. Free Direction Sign Mock-up - PSD

3. Free Outdoor Advertising Pylon Pole Sign Mock-up - PSD

4. Free Indoor Signage Mock-up - PSD

5. Free Wayfinding Sign Mock-up - PSD

6. Customisable Mall Signage Mock-up - PSD

7. Building Signage Bundle Mock-up - 3 PSD

8. Barcelona Park Signage Mock-up - PSD

9. Wayfinding Totem Mock-up - PSD

10. Plywood Wayfinding Mock-up - PSD

11. Plywood Wayfinding Mock-up - PSD

12. Wayfinding Signage Mock-up - PSD

13. Wayfinding Signage Mock-up - PSD

14. Wayfinding Totem Mock-up - PSD

15. Floor Wayfinding Mock-up - PSD

16. Wayfinding Totem With Map Mock-up - PSD

17. City Wayfinding Mock-up - PSD

18. Wayfinding Stand Mock-up - PSD

19. Wayfinding Stand With Wooden Frame Mock-up - PSD

20. Wayfinding Stand Mock-up - PSD

21. Wayfinding Stand With Wooden Desk Mock-up - PSD

22. Wayfinding Stand Mock-up - PSD

23. Wayfinding Stand With Wooden Desk Mock-up - PSD

24. Wayfinding Stand With Wooden Desk Mock-up - PSD

25. Wayfinding Sign Mock-up - PSD

26. Wayfinding Stand Mock-up - PSD

27. Wayfinding Stand Mock-up - PSD

28. Wayfinding Stand With Wooden Frame Mock-up - PSD

29. Wayfinding Stand With Wooden Frame Mock-up - PSD

30. Wayfinding Stand Mock-up - PSD

31. Wayfinding Stand Mock-up - PSD

32. Wayfinding Stand With Wooden Frame Mock-up - PSD

MORE: Wayfinding Signage Mockups by ExclusiveMockups

What is a .PSD .AI .EPS and How to Open it?

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
30+ Best Wayfinding Signage Mockup Templates | Free & Premium

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Are you looking wayfinding signage mockup to showcase your designs? In our website, you can find the best wayfinding signage mockups. The post contains both free and premium wayfinding signage mockups. If you think the free ones are not what you are looking for, try the premium ones.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
There's no vandalism in using a wall mockup scene to promote your designs and illustrations - designed by Asylab, this free mockup is a "must-see"!