# data[].attributes.body
Yayoi

Kusama,

A

Dream I Dreamed

, 2014

# data[].attributes.body
Jaune Quick-To-See Smith,

Trade (Gifts for Trading Land with White People)

, 1992

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Jaune Quick-To-See Smith, Trade (Gifts for Trading Land with White People), 1992

# data[].attributes.body
Pepon Osorio,

La Cama (The Bed

), 1987

# data[].attributes.body
El Anatsui. Dzesi II. 2006

# data[].attributes.body
Damien

Hirst,

The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living

, 1991/2006

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Damien Hirst, The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living, 1991:2006

# data[].attributes.body
Jean-Michel Basquiat,

Horn Players

, 1983

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Jean-Michel Basquiat, Horn Players, 1983

# data[].attributes.body
Elizabeth Murray,

Art Part

, 1981

# data[].attributes.body
Robert Longo,

Untitled (Men in the Cities Series),

1981

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Robert Longo, Untitled (Men in the Cities Series), 1981

# data[].attributes.body
Julian

Schnabel,

The Sea

, 1981

# data[].attributes.body
Sigmar Polke,

Watchtower

, 1984

# data[].attributes.body
Gerhard

Richter,

Betty, 1988

# data[].attributes.body
Gerhard Richter,

Vase

, 1984

# data[].attributes.body
Anselm Kiefer,

Shulamite

, 1983

# data[].attributes.body
Sandro Chia,

The Idleness of Sisyphus,

1981

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Sandro Chia, The Idleness of Sisyphus, 1981

# data[].attributes.body
Cindy Sherman,

Untitled

Film Still #35,

1979 (or any other work from this series)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Cindy Sherman, Untitled Film Still #35, 1979 (or any other work from this series)

# data[].attributes.body
Allan McCollum,

20 Plaster Surrogates, 1982-85

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Allan McCollum, 20 Plaster Surrogates, 1982-85

# data[].attributes.body
Barbara Kruger.

Untitled (We Won’t Play Nature to Your Culture). 1983

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Barbara Kruger. Untitled (We Won’t Play Nature to Your Culture). 1983

# data[].attributes.body
Sherrie Levine,

After Piet Mondrian

, 1983 (Appropriation)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Sherrie Levine, After Piet Mondrian, 1983 (Appropriation)

# data[].attributes.body
Michael Graves, Public Services Building, Portland, Oregon. 1980-82

# data[].attributes.body
Philip Johnson and John Burgee, AT&T Headquarters Building, NYC. 1978-83

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Philip Johnson and John Burgee, AT&T Headquarters Building, NYC. 1978-83

# data[].attributes.body
Duane Hanson,

Tourists

, 1970

# data[].attributes.body
Vija Celmins, Untitled (Big Sea #2), 1969

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Vija Celmins, Untitled (Big Sea #2), 1969

# data[].attributes.body
Audrey Flack,

Wheel of Fortune

, 1977-78

# data[].attributes.body
Jennifer Bartlett,

Rhapsody,

1975-76

# data[].attributes.body
Joyce Kozloff,

Mural for Harvard Square Subway Station,

1984

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Joyce Kozloff, Mural for Harvard Square Subway Station, 1984 

# data[].attributes.body
Alex Katz,

The Red Band

, 1978

# data[].attributes.body
Fairfield Porter,

Under the Elms

, 1971-72

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Fairfield Porter, Under the Elms, 1971-72

# data[].attributes.body
Alice Neel,

Dana Gordon

, 1972

# data[].attributes.body
Richard Diebenkorn,

Man and Woman in Large Room

, 1957

# data[].attributes.body
- No more art “capitals”

- Interactive art

- Installations

- Art as political statement

# data[].attributes.body
Ai Weiwei,

Kui Hua Zi (Sunflower Seeds)

, 2010

# data[].attributes.body
- Issues of taste, kitsch, low art vs. fine art

- Art as an object to be bought and sold, art that is not “made” by the artist

- Idea of fragility of life

# data[].attributes.body
Jeff Koons,

Michael Jackson and Bubbles

, 1988

# data[].attributes.body
- Anti-elitist

- Taking art to the masses

# data[].attributes.body
- A return to emotion after the detachment of Minimalism

- A return to seeking influence from the past

- A return to expressing contemporary issues

- For many Germans, a time of confronting and coming to terms with the Nazi past

(Baselitz, Kiefer, Richter)

- For many, a reaction to corporate, capitalist culture (Polke, Longo)

- Pluralism of styles vs. a logical order (Richter)

# data[].attributes.body
- Art that emerges after the Modernist movement that dominated the first half of the century,

and in many ways opposite to the ideals of Modernism; characterized by:

- Post-structuralism (the denial of fixed rules in forms or structures)
- A return to ornament and embellishment

- A reintroduction of historical references (beginning in architecture)

- An interest in sense of place and local interests (vs. international style)

- Appropriation as a deconstruction of the modernist myth of genius and of authoritarian

control

- Irony and skepticism

- Emphasis on multiculturalism

- Pluralism of styles vs. a logical order

- Emphasis on collaboration vs. individual genius

- A denial of fixed truths

- Extension of Modernism, since it continues to question rules of the past

# data[].attributes.body
- Representational art re-emerges, but often with an emphasis on formal qualities and

lack of narrative (Diebenkorn, Katz, Celmins)

- Photorealism emerges as an extreme response to non-objective and Minimalist art; also

as a response to photography

- Re-emergence of symbolism (Flack)

- Pattern & Decoration emerges as both a response to Minimalism and its lack of

embellishment and as a homage to women’s art mediums of the past

# data[].attributes.body
Why Walter De Maria's Lightning Field is a Monster Piece

# data[].attributes.body
Earth as canvas

Art as physical experience

Entropy—Art that changes with time

Site-specific sculpture

Taking art out of the gallery

Art that can’t be collected

Sculpture as monument (Vietnam Veterans Memorial)

# data[].attributes.body
Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen, Spoonbridge and Cherry, 1985-88

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen, Spoonbridge and Cherry, 1985-88

# data[].attributes.body
Richard Serra, Tilted Arc, 1981

# data[].attributes.body
Maya Lin. Vietnam Veterans Memorial. 1982

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Maya Lin. Vietnam Veterans Memorial. 1982

# data[].attributes.body
Christo and Jeanne-Claude, The Gates, Central Park, 1979-2005

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Christ and Jeanne-Claude, The Gates, Central Park, 1979-2005Christ and Jeanne-Claude, The Gates, Central Park, 1979-2005

# data[].attributes.body
Christo and Jeanne-Claude.  Running Fence, 1972–76

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Christo and Jeanne-Claude.  Running Fence, 1972–76

# data[].attributes.body
James Turrell, Roden Crater Project, 1982

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
James Turrell, Roden Crater Project, 1982

# data[].attributes.body
Nancy Holt, Sun Tunnels, 1973-76

# data[].attributes.body
Robert Smithson. Spiral Jetty, Great Salt Lake, Utah. 1970

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Robert Smithson. Spiral Jetty, Great Salt Lake, Utah. 1970 

# data[].attributes.body
Walter de Maria, Lightning Field, 1970-77

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Walter de Maria, Lightning Field, 1970-77

# data[].attributes.body
Michael Heizer, Double Negative, 1969-70

# data[].attributes.body
Art as idea

Art that can’t be collected

Improvisation/Art as experience

Art with a political point

# data[].attributes.headline
Definition of modern art, post-painterly abstraction, Minimalism

# data[].attributes.subject
Definition of modern art, post-painterly abstraction, Minimalism

# data[].attributes.body
Guerilla Girls—Assorted Works

# data[].attributes.body
Marina Abramovic, The Artist is Present, 2010

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Marina Abramovic, The Artist is Present, 2010

# data[].attributes.body
Joseph Beuys, How to Explain Paintings to a Dead Hare, Nov. 26, 1965

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Joseph Beuys, How to Explain Paintings to a Dead Hare, Nov. 26, 1965

# data[].attributes.body
Xu Bing, Book from the Sky, 1987-91

# data[].attributes.body
John Baldessari, I Will Not Make Any More Boring Art, 1971

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
John Baldessari, I Will Not Make Any More Boring Art, 1971

# data[].attributes.body
Joseph Beuys, Table with Accumulator, 1958

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Joseph Beuys, Table with Accumulator, 1958

# data[].attributes.body
Stain painting (Frankenthaler, Louis)

Clement Greenburg and his definitions of Modern Art, Post-Painterly Abstraction, Minimalism

Hard-Edge Abstraction

Mass production methods in sculpture (Donald Judd)

# data[].attributes.body
Dan Flavin. the nominal three (to William of Ockham). 1963

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Dan Flavin. the nominal three (to William of Ockham). 1963 

# data[].attributes.body
Ronald Bladen, The X, 1967

# data[].attributes.body
Tony Smith, Cigarette, 1961-66

# data[].attributes.body
Agnes Martin, Night Sea, 1963

# data[].attributes.body
Agnes Martin, Untitled Number 5, 1975

# data[].attributes.body
Ellsworth Kelly. Red Blue Green. 1963

# data[].attributes.body
Ellsworth Kelly, Orange and Green, 1966

# data[].attributes.body
Frank Stella. Empress of India. 1965

# data[].attributes.body
Frank Stella, Jasper’s Dilemma, 1962-63

# data[].attributes.body
Bridget Riley, Fall, 1963

# data[].attributes.body
Victor Vasarely, Vega Per, 1969

# data[].attributes.body
Morris Louis, Kaf, 1959-60

# data[].attributes.body
Helen Frankenthaler, Interior Landscape, 1964

# data[].attributes.body
“Combine”—combination of sculpture, collage, painting, etc.

Interest in mass media, consumer culture

Reaction to elitism and deep emotion of Abstract Expressionism

Similar to Dada in love of ready-made, common objects

Interested in materialism of consumer culture

# data[].attributes.body
Sister Corita Kent, Enriched Bread, 1965

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Sister Corita Kent, Enriched Bread, 1965

# data[].attributes.body
David Hockney, A Bigger Splash, 1967

# data[].attributes.body
Wayne Thiebaud, Pie Counter, 1963

# data[].attributes.body
Robert Indiana, LOVE, 1972

# data[].attributes.body
James Rosenquist, Portion of F-111, 1965

# data[].attributes.body
Andy Warhol, Gold Marilyn Monroe, 1962

# data[].attributes.body
Andy Warhol, Marilyn Diptych, 1962

# data[].attributes.body
Andy Warhol. Campbell’s Soup Cans  1961–64

# data[].attributes.body
Roy Lichtenstein, Drowning Girl. 1963

# data[].attributes.body
Claes Oldenburg, Soft Toilet, 1966

# data[].attributes.body
Claes Oldenburg, Floor Cake (Giant Piece of Cake), 1962

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Claes Oldenburg, Floor Cake (Giant Piece of Cake), 1962

# data[].attributes.body
George Segal. The Gas Station. 1963

# data[].attributes.body
Jasper Johns, Target with Plaster Casts, 1955

# data[].attributes.body
Jasper Johns. Three Flags. 1958

# data[].attributes.body
Robert Rauschenberg. Odalisk. 1955–58

# data[].attributes.headline
Return to the object; forerunners to Pop Art

# data[].attributes.subject
Return to the object; forerunners to Pop Art

# data[].attributes.body
Robert Rauschenberg, Bed, 1955

# data[].attributes.body
- Importance of process
- Importance of feeling
- Influence of Surrealism, Native American sand painting, ancient myths and art, ancient language and writing
- Heroic scale
- First international style originating from US; puts NYC on the map as art center

# data[].attributes.body
Action Painting: a technique and style of abstract painting in which paint is randomly splashed, thrown, or poured on the canvas.

Gesture Painting: a method of fine art painting characterized by energetic, expressive brushstrokes deliberately emphasizing the sweep of the painter's arm or movement of the hand.

All-over painting: area of the composition is given equal attention and significance. Compositions vary widely and include canvases entirely covered in layers of paint, or filled with brushstrokes, drips, stains, or other markings, sometimes with unorthodox materials embedded in the surface.

Color Field Painting: a style of American abstract painting prominent from the late 1940s to the 1960s which features large expanses of unmodulated color covering the greater part of the canvas.

“Zips”: the spatial structure of the painting, while simultaneously dividing and uniting the composition.

# data[].attributes.body
Robert Motherwell, Elegy to the Spanish Republic No. 34, 1953-54

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Robert Motherwell, Elegy to the Spanish Republic No. 34, 1953-54

# data[].attributes.body
Clifford Still, Number 2, 1949

# data[].attributes.body
Barnett Newman, Vir HeroicusSublimus, 1950-51

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Barnett Newman, Vir HeroicusSublimus, 1950-51

# data[].attributes.body
Franz Kline, Mahoning, 1956

# data[].attributes.body
Lee Krasner, Untitled, 1949

# data[].attributes.body
Willem de Kooning, Woman, I, 1950-52

# data[].attributes.body
Arshile Gorky, The Liver is the Cock’s Comb, 1944

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Arshile Gorky, The Liver is the Cock’s Comb, 1944