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The year of 2018, the foster care system alone had 437,283 children (Children's Bureau, 2019). There are many situations in which a child needs to enter the foster care system, however in 2018 36% of foster care cases were due to biological parents suffering from drug addiction and 5% from alcohol addiction. 62% of foster care cases were due to neglect, which means that preventive services being available to at risk parents would dramatically decrease the amount of youth in foster care. Having substance use treatments and mental health services or parenting classes would be helpful in addressing this problem. Children are at risk of being negatively impacted by entering the foster care system. According to adopt.org, children entering foster care system are more likely to become homeless or victims of human trafficking. (Adoption Center, 2015)

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This act passed in February 2018 allows for states to cover costs related to foster care and adoption assistance, however, states may opt out to extend federal reimbursement to cover certain expenditures and services related to preventing foster care placements (NCDHHS, 2020).
"This act reforms the federal child welfare financing streams, Title IV-E and Title IV-B of the Social Security Act, to provide services to families who are at risk of entering the child welfare system. The bill aims to prevent children from entering foster care by allowing federal reimbursement for mental health services, substance use treatment, and in-home parenting skill training to families and children. It also seeks to improve the well-being of children already in foster by incentivizing states to reduce placement of children in group care." (FFCC)

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The Family First Prevention Act of 2018 was a bipartisan Act, however the ideology of this Act would be considered more Liberal. This is because historically community and welfare programs that establish prevention efforts have been supported by the more liberal party, and is essentially a liberal idea. This idea is also more liberal because it's allowing federal government to fund state programs and services, which is a liberal ideology to have federal government financially involved at the state level.

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"The Congressional Budget Office estimates that FFPSA provisions would increase federal spending over ten years by $1.480 billion," (Logan, 2018). This Act is a policy that redistributes federal government funds within the federal budget. There are barriers fund when states attempted to implement these prevention efforts within their child welfare systems, so another policy was passed to address these barriers in 2019 called Family First Transition Ac (Brown, 2020). This gave financial relief to the states as they were implementing these services instead of shouldering the costs until federal reimbursements were given once the new services were up and running. The current economy has the potential to create barriers for these programs due to COVID-19. The health and safety of both clients and providers can make the implementation of these services to decrease or even stop during this pandemic. Also, the unemployment rate is increasing which means more lay offs for public welfare workers so less workers to provide the services needed, but also an increase in people who may need the services due to parents being unemployed at a higher rate.

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President Donald Trump signed the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018 including the Family First Prevention Services Act. This was the longest government shutdown in U.S. history being 35 days in the dispute of the funding amount for the expansion of the U.S.-Mexico border barrier and the DREAM Act and DACA policy. It caused for 692,000 federal workers to be furloughed (Wikipedia, 2020). The prolonged shutdown had many effects - curtailed safety and law enforcement investigations, caused air travel delays, and delayed regulatory approvals and immigration hearings for non-detainees.

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Child-Protection Movement of 1870s included the whipping and beatings of Mary Ellen Wilson resulting in harsher punishment for abusers to children as they are for animal abuse (Thomson Reuters, 2018). Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974 made efforts to enact mandated reporting laws for suspected child abuse and neglect. The revisited and reformed act of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families in 1996 pushed for aiding to single parent families and keeping them together. 2001 Promoting Safe and Stable Families Amendments pushed for quicker adoptions and less wait time, and for more incentives for foster care services and children aging out of foster care due to age (Children's Bureau, 2019).
This act reforms child welfare and safety policies, to help keep children safely with their families, avoiding the traumatic experience of entering into the foster care system.
It is too early to prove the successes of FFPSA of 2018 although community-based family prevention services do have a rich history of success (Logan, 2018).

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The goal of Family First Prevention Act of 2018 is to replace foster care with family care; gaining stability and the use of resources for families to remain together during crisis.
The social movement and social change leading to this act is the community investment in prevention and supporting families. The Rylan's Law of 2017 within the state of North Carolina influenced the enactment of FFPSA of 2018. The key components of the law included protecting children and promoting safe and stable families, while using evidence-based, trauma-informed, and culturally competent practices (NCDHHS, 2020).

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The use of the act is to allow families to remain together and to avoid the foster care system. It also entails requiring mental health and substance use services and treatment involvement or child will be entered into the foster care system.
Recommendations for this policy is to place less restrictions on children and families whom can seek and use services through this act and its allotted funding.

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Children's Bureau. (2019, August 22). TheAFCARSReport. In U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children’s Bureau. Retrieved from https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/cb/afcarsreport26.pdf

Gordon, L. (2011). Child Welfare: A Brief History. In VCU Libraries: Social Welfare History Project. Retrieved from https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/child-welfarechild-labor/child-welfare-overview/

Logan, B. J. (2018, March 22). Foster Care Prevention Testimony before the Senate Committee on Health and Human Services. In Texas Public Policy Foundation: Center for Families and Children. Retrieved from https://files.texaspolicy.com/uploads/2018/08/16104444/2018-04-Testimony-FosterCarePrevention-CFC-Logan.pdf
National Conference of State Legislatures. (2020, April 1). Family First Prevention Services Act. In National Conference of State Legislature (NCSL). Retrieved from https://www.ncsl.org/research/human-services/family-first-prevention-services-act-ffpsa.aspx
North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services. (2020). Rylan’s Law and Family First Overview and Crosswalk. In NCDHHS: Family First Prevention Services Act. Retrieved from https://files.nc.gov/ncdhhs/Rylan-s-Law--Family-First-Overview-and-Crosswalk.pdf

Thomson Reuters. (2018, November 14). Child Abuse Background and History. In FindLaw: child abuse background and history. Retrieved from https://family.findlaw.com/child-abuse/child-abuse-background-and-history.html
Wikipedia. (2020, August 3). Government shutdowns in the United States. In Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_shutdowns_in_the_United_States
Torres, K. (2018, March 9). Fact Sheet. Campaign For Children. https://campaignforchildren.org/resources/fact-sheet/fact-sheet-family-first-prevention-services-act/.
FacebookTwitterYoutubeLinkedIn Adoption Center1735 Walnut St Ste A-441Philadelphia, P. A. 19103p: (215) 735-9988p: (800) T. O.-A. D. O. P. T. e: ac@adopt.org. (2015, April 1). Effects of Foster Care on Children. Effects of Foster Care on Children | Adoption Center. http://www.adopt.org/content/effects-foster-care-children.
Brown, J. (2020, April 1). Family First Prevention Services Act. https://www.ncsl.org/research/human-services/family-first-prevention-services-act-ffpsa.aspx.