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- "I perform Islamic practices, such as praying , fasting, and donating to charity. I also maintain my Australian practices, which includes working in a hospital and helping the needs of the Australian people." (Participant A)
- "When I was in a store and people look at me in a strange way because of the way I dress. This made me feel like I was treated differently".
- Young Ethiopian Australians, practice Ethiopian CUlture less than older Ethiopian Australians.

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- "all Hararians come together and celebrate Hararian events, including Harmony day where we celebrate our culture". (Participant A)
- Traditional Ethiopian dances are performed at weddings

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Material Culture:
- Ethiopian Christians wear a white dress on Sundays to church
- Ethiopian Muslims wear a different dress to the Mosque on Fridays. This is very colourful with creative designs on it.
- Ethiopian Australians eat injera and other Ethiopian foods

non-material culture:
- Attend Friday prayers
- Ethiopian Christians attend Church
- Traditional Ethiopian dances are performed at weddings

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"Islam is a disease that requires a vaccination" Pauline Hanson(Sydney Morning Herald, 2017)

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Kemal Ibrahim - Famous footballer.
He plays soccer while practising his Islamic beliefs, including performing the 5-daily prayers. He also eats both Australian and Ethiopian food, making him an ethnic-hybrid.
"I always had in the back of my mind that I was good enough to play in the A-League." (Goal.com, 2015)

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Barrier
"Victorians are scared to go out to restaurants because of African gang violence” Peter Dutton(The Guardian, 2018)

Enabler
"The arbitrator found that the use of terms upon the complainant contrary to the Racial Discrimination Act1975." Plaintiff was awarded $55,000.
Rugema v Gadsten(1997)

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Barrier
"Islam is a disease that requires a vaccination". Pauline Hanson (Sydney Morning Herald, 2017)

Enabler
"Why are African migrants finding it hard to find work in their chosen fields and forced to work in other areas?" - NAB Chief financial officer Mike Domann(SBSNews, 2016)

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Barrier
"14-18year old Blacks always steal. Prohibit 14-18year old blacks and dogs into the shop.(YahooNews, 2017)

Enabler
"People want to go and enjoy the footy, while still practising their beliefs." - Bachar Houli (stuff.co.nz, 2012). *About prayer rooms at footy stadiums.

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Barrier:
"Islam is a disease that requires a vaccination". Pauline Hanson(Sydney Morning Herald, 2017)

Enabler:
"I have always been a supporter of Multiculturalism and an advocate of its many benefits". Former Premier of Victoria Jeff Kennet (HeraldSun, 2014)

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- Ethiopian Australians began arriving in Australia due to Civil War in Ethiopia that lasted from 1977-1978. Over 30,000 were imprisoned and several thousand were killed for participation in Government activity.
-Victoria has become the state with the largest Ethiopian population
- Ethiopians began arriving to Australia as refugees
- Ethiopians can be found scattered around Victoria and do not congregate in one area.
- Government helped Ethiopian Australian refugees with the AMES 500hours English program, where they received free English tuition of up to 500hours.

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Identity and differences within the Ethnicity

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Identity and differences within the Ethnicity

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Material & non-Material components of the ethnicity

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Material & non-Material components of the ethnicity

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Ethnocentrism:
"14-18year old blacks always steal. Prohibit 14-18year old blacks and dogs into the shop. (YahooNews, 2017)

Cultural Relativism:
"I have always been a supporter of Multiculturalism and an advocate of its many benefits". Former Premier of Victoria Jeff Kennet (HeraldSun, 2014)