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Illustration depicting the assassination of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary 

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(June 28, 1914) The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand when he visited Sarajevo amid reports of anti-Austrian sentiment and unrest 

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(June 28, 1914) The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand when he visited Sarajevo amid reports of anti-Austrian sentiment and unrest 

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The Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary declared that he would visit Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia. Bosnia was under the rule of Austria-Hungary but it was the population was predominantly Slavs and Serbs. When the Slavs and Serbs got the hold of the news of the Archduke coming to Sarajevo, they were furious. A group of Serbian terrorists from the Unity of Death created a group called the Black Hand that planned to do  something regarding the visit of the Archduke. Stubborn and oblivious, the Archduke ignored the warnings of anti-Austrian unrest in Sarajevo and got shot in an open car along with his wife. The assassin was Gavrilo Princip who fired twice into the car and took advantage of the structure of the car.

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Newspaper following the ultimatum presented to Serbia by the Austrian government

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(July 23, 1914) Supported by Germany, Austria presents Serbia with an ultimatum

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(July 23, 1914) Supported by Germany, Austria presents Serbia with an ultimatum

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Francis Joseph, the Austrian emperor, got ahold of the news and was shocked, but he did not want to go to war with Serbia. However, the Vienna government wanted to use this as an excuse to fight with Serbia and avenge the Archduke. Also, in Berlin, Kaiser William II wrote to Francis and telling him to stand up against Serbia for what they have done. Germany, as a result, gave their unconditional support to Austria no matter what. This led to Austria sending Serbia an ultimatum, a set of certain demands that Serbia needs to meet.

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Shortly after Serbia’s major decision, a newspaper describes the actions and what happened to Austria’s ultimatum towards Serbia 

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(July 25, 1914) Serbia accepts most but not all of Austria’s demands 

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(July 25, 1914) Serbia accepts most but not all of Austria’s demands 

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The deal of the ultimatum was Serbia has to end all anti-Austrian tension and agitation. In addition, they need to punish any Serbian official involved in the assassination and its planning. The Austrians need to be able to join in the investigation and Serbia agreed to almost all the terms. This was a very advantageous opportunity for Austria, as this is what they were wishing for.

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Newspaper revealing the result of Serbia’s decision which was war, and this would eventually lead to the first ever world-wide war 

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(July 28, 1914) Austria rejects Serbia’s offer and declares war on Serbia 

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(July 28, 1914) Austria rejects Serbia’s offer and declares war on Serbia 

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Following the ultimatum that Austria presented to Serbia after the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, Serbia agreed to most of the terms on the ultimatum but not all of them. Austria was not pleased with this result and Austria knew exactly how to respond. On July 28, 1914, Austria declared war on Serbia due to Serbia not fully agreeing to the contract.

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Photograph illustrating the troops that Nicholas was mobilizing for war

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(July 30, 1914) Russian leaders order mobilization of troops and move them towards the Austrian border, and Tzar Nicholas II tells Kaiser William II that the moves are only a precaution

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(July 30, 1914) Russian leaders order mobilization of troops and move them towards the Austrian border, and Tzar Nicholas II tells Kaiser William II that the moves are only a precaution

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After Austria declared War on Serbia, Serbia had to turn to its strong and powerful all, Russia, who was known as the champion of the Slavic nations. The tsar Nicholas II of Russia telegraph Kasier William II that Austria needs to soften its demands quickly. But, William didn’t cooperate, and Russia began to prepare/mobilize its military forces for war that they were going to use against Germany.

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Newspaper from the Americas shortly after the declaration of war on Russia by Germany 

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(August 1, 1914) Germany declares war on Russia

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(August 1, 1914) Germany declares war on Russia

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After Germany realized that Russia was mobilized troops for war, even as a precaution, they saw the opportunity and took it. Germany felt threatened and needed to do something because Russia, known as the leader or biggest of the Slavic nations, had a very strong military and many, many troops. So, Germany, well prepared and ready, declared war on Russia on August 1st which was something that both nations knew was going to happen sooner or later.

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Image depicting the alliance made between Russia and France

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(August 3, 1914) Germany demands that France stays neutral, but France backs its ally, Russia 

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(August 3, 1914) Germany demands that France stays neutral, but France backs its ally, Russia 

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After Germany declared war on Russia as a result of finding out that they were mobilizing troops for war, Russia went to its ally, France. There was a bit of controversy when Russia did this because some Parisian nationalists wanted to use this to avenge their defeat during the Franco-Prussian War. But, just the support that Germany gave to Austria, France did the same with Russia even though they were hesitant. So, Germany didn’t want to France to be in the fight as well and wanted them to be neutral, but they strongly refused.

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One of the numerous newspaper that were spreading the message about the new declaration of war by Germany onto France 

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(August 3, 1914) Germany responds by declaring war on France 

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(August 3, 1914) Germany responds by declaring war on France 

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Germany already declared war on Russia and now, Russia and France are supporting each other. Germany was infuriated because they did not want France to get involved since France is a very powerful nation, and it is very advantageous to have an alliance with it. Yet, Germany had no other choice but to rage war on both Russia and France as a response to their alliance.

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This image shows the plan that Germany was going to carry in order to fight France 

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(August 3, 1914) Germany invades Belgium on its way to France 

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(August 3, 1914) Germany invades Belgium on its way to France 

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Germany’s military plans had the possibilities of a 2-front war, against France in the west or Russia in the east. However, the Schlieffen plan, created by a German General a while ago, fixed this problem by going for France first because Russia’s military is slow and takes time to mobilize. But, the catch was Germany had to defeat France’s army as quickly as possible because they needed time to turn back and get ready to fight Russia’s powerful military. So, Germany had to march through neutral Belgium to get to France in the south.

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Published a day after the official declaration, the world was shocked, excited, and nervous to what was to come

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(August 4, 1914) Great Britain, honoring a treaty guaranteeing Belgium’s neutrality, declares war on Germany 

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(August 4, 1914) Great Britain, honoring a treaty guaranteeing Belgium’s neutrality, declares war on Germany 

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When Belgium was invaded by Germany, even though it was neutral in the war, the European powers were outraged, especially Great Britain. This is because Britain and other European powers had signed a treaty guaranteeing Belgian neutrality during the war and Germany had ignored that. So, in order to protect and respect Belgium’s neutrality, Great Britain declared war on Germany which was what really started the first ever world war.