# data[].attributes.headline
Am 5U2022: I wonder if there is any part of the human body that gets its oxygen directly from air and not from the blood?

# data[].attributes.subject
Am 5U2022: I wonder if there is any part of the human body that gets its oxygen directly from air and not from the blood?

# data[].attributes.body
Our cornea, which is our eyes' protective layer, gets Oxygen directly from the air. Oxygen diffuses and dissolves directly into our cornea.

Carbon Dioxide also diffuses out of our cornea, so our body will not be harmed by excess Carbon Dioxide.

However, this amount of gaseous exchange so VERY VERY little compared to the gaseous exchange in our lungs.

# data[].attributes.headline
Zy 5U2022: I wonder why is plant cells are brick shape but animal cells are different shapes?

# data[].attributes.subject
Zy 5U2022: I wonder why is plant cells are brick shape but animal cells are different shapes?

# data[].attributes.body
The cell wall is made out of a slightly stiffer material, which is what gives the cell wall its more rigid shape. Hence, they look like bricks.

# data[].attributes.headline
Am 5U2022: I wonder what is the difference between mist, steam, and water vapour?

# data[].attributes.subject
Am 5U2022: I wonder what is the difference between mist, steam, and water vapour?

# data[].attributes.body
Mist = Tiny water droplets
Water Vapour = Gaseous state of water that may or may not be above 100oC
Steam = Gaseous state of water that is at least 100oC and above
Steam is water vapour but it generally has more energy than water vapour.

# data[].attributes.headline
Ad 5U2022: How are icebergs in the north and South Pole made?

# data[].attributes.subject
Ad 5U2022: How are icebergs in the north and South Pole made?

# data[].attributes.body
Usually, there are large sheets of ice called glaciers that slide around. When some of the glaciers break off and fall into the sea, they become icebergs.

Check this out: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3_3U_l5Y30

# data[].attributes.headline
Am 5U2022: I wonder if there are flowers that are pollinated by flies instead of butterfly?

# data[].attributes.subject
Am 5U2022: I wonder if there are flowers that are pollinated by flies instead of butterfly?

# data[].attributes.body
There are some flowers that are pollinated by flies. Flowers like skunk cabbage, the corpse flower and other voodoo lilies, give off the scent of rotting meat to attract flies for pollination.

# data[].attributes.headline
Am 5U2022: I wonder why some flowers are dull in colour and some are bright and livid?

# data[].attributes.subject
Am 5U2022: I wonder why some flowers are dull in colour and some are bright and livid?

# data[].attributes.body
Whether flowers are bright or dull depends on how that plant attracts animals to help in pollination. Usually, brighter flowers attract more animals to help in pollination.

Different kinds of colours will attract different kinds of pollinators. Some pollinators may be attracted to dull coloured flowers.

# data[].attributes.headline
Am 5U2022: I wonder why red blood cells are flat?

# data[].attributes.subject
Am 5U2022: I wonder why red blood cells are flat?

# data[].attributes.body
They are actually not flat. They are a shape called biconcave, which looks similar to being flat.

Red blood cells do not have a nucleus, so there is more room for haemoglobin (the substance that helps to carry Oxygen). Red blood cells have a biconcave disc shape, which maximises the surface area of the cell membrane for oxygen to move across. Red blood cells are tiny and flexible so can squeeze through the narrowest of blood capillaries to deliver oxygen.

Watch this video to see how Red blood cells function! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erMPkJt8Ndg

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Red Blood Cells | Physiology | Biology | FuseSchool

# data[].attributes.headline
Am 5U2022: I wonder what blood is made of?

# data[].attributes.subject
Am 5U2022: I wonder what blood is made of?

# data[].attributes.body
Blood has 4 main parts, 3 of which are solids and 1 is a liquid.

3 solids: Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Platelets
1 liquid: Plasma
Red blood cells transport Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide around the body.
White blood cells help to protect the body from diseases and infections.
Platelets helps the body/skin to clot when there are cuts or breaks in blood vessels.
Plasma is the light yellow liquid carries all other dissolved substances like fully digested food and waste to and from all parts of the body.
Check this out for some visuals: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEy2dRusM-Y

# data[].attributes.headline
Zy 5U2022: I wonder if electricity has more electric conductors other than metal?

# data[].attributes.subject
Zy 5U2022: I wonder if electricity has more electric conductors other than metal?

# data[].attributes.body
Yes, there are non-metals like graphite, saltwater, acids and water that can also conduct electricity.

# data[].attributes.headline
Am 5U2022: I wonder why when we press our fingers against light bulbs/torchlights, they would become red?

# data[].attributes.subject
Am 5U2022: I wonder why when we press our fingers against light bulbs/torchlights, they would become red?

# data[].attributes.body
Our skin is slightly translucent, and the skin at our fingertips is very thin. Hence, light from light bulbs can pass through the blood underneath our skin, which makes the light passing through appear red.

# data[].attributes.headline
Ly 5U2022: Does the length of the wire affect the brightness of the light bulb?

# data[].attributes.subject
Ly 5U2022: Does the length of the wire affect the brightness of the light bulb?

# data[].attributes.body
Yes, the longer the wire, the more the resistance for electricity to flow through the wire (electricity has a tougher time flowing through a longer wire), and the less the brightness of the bulb.

However, a wire would have to be REALLY REALLY long (hundreds of metres) to observe any difference in bulb brightness. For shorter wires, the brightness looks the same as the difference in brightness is so small.

# data[].attributes.headline
Jd 5U2022: Does the energy from the batteries get lost through the wires?

# data[].attributes.subject
Jd 5U2022: Does the energy from the batteries get lost through the wires?

# data[].attributes.body
Yes, some of it does. The longer the wire, the more the resistance, the more energy will be lost when electricity flows through the wires. However, wires are so small that usually hardly any energy is lost.

# data[].attributes.headline
Zm 5U2022: When our body comes in contact with live electricity does it cause an electric shock?

# data[].attributes.subject
Zm 5U2022: When our body comes in contact with live electricity does it cause an electric shock?

# data[].attributes.body
With live electricity, there is enough electricity to travel through the human body, which is a good conductor of heat (because of all the water in us).

# data[].attributes.headline
Ad 5U2022: I wonder if our body can produce electricity?

# data[].attributes.subject
Ad 5U2022: I wonder if our body can produce electricity?

# data[].attributes.body
The electricity that our body produces helps our muscles and other parts of the body to function.

Watch this video to find out more: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-NA86aAMvY

# data[].attributes.body
A resistor helps to control the amount of electrical current flowing through a circuit. It can prevent too much current from flowing through a circuit and hence prevent bulbs from fusing.

# data[].attributes.headline
Kd 5U2022: Why are some of my bloods vessels are green , blue, and I think purple?

# data[].attributes.subject
Kd 5U2022: Why are some of my bloods vessels are green , blue, and I think purple?

# data[].attributes.body
All our blood is red in colour. The reason why they APPEAR to be different in colour (various tones of green/blue/purple) is because of how they look under our skin. Only some of the light from the red blood can be seen by our eyes through the skin, so they appear green/blue/purple, depending on which part of the skin you are looking at.

Check out this video for what other colours blood can be: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0nTwk9dSUs

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Your blood is red, so why are your veins blue?

# data[].attributes.headline
Am 5U2022: I wonder whether the heart produces blood, or does it get its blood from somewhere else instead?

# data[].attributes.subject
Am 5U2022: I wonder whether the heart produces blood, or does it get its blood from somewhere else instead?

# data[].attributes.body
The heart does not produce blood, blood is produced somewhere else. It is produced in the bones, from something called bone marrow.

Check this out to find out how blood is produced: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Qfmkd6C8u8

# data[].attributes.headline
Am 5U2022: I wonder if there is any part of the human body that gets its oxygen directly from air and not from the blood?

# data[].attributes.subject
Am 5U2022: I wonder if there is any part of the human body that gets its oxygen directly from air and not from the blood?

# data[].attributes.body
Our cornea, which is our eyes' protective layer, gets Oxygen directly from the air. Oxygen diffuses and dissolves directly into our cornea.

Carbon Dioxide also diffuses out of our cornea, so our body will not be harmed by excess Carbon Dioxide.

# data[].attributes.headline
An 5U2022: Is the windpipe and gullet connected?

# data[].attributes.subject
An 5U2022: Is the windpipe and gullet connected?

# data[].attributes.body
They are separated so that food and water do not go into the lungs. It is alright for air to go into the gullet, though not too much.

Watch from 0:52 onwards to see how the gullet and windpipe are separated: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-4MZ_-Mpv8

Why do things go down the wrong pipe?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYsz2Od5jDQ&t=23s

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
What happens when you swallow something down the 'wrong pipe'

# data[].attributes.headline
Am 5U2022: I wonder how mammals like dolphins and whales breathe underwater. Is it through lungs or by gills?

# data[].attributes.subject
Am 5U2022: I wonder how mammals like dolphins and whales breathe underwater. Is it through lungs or by gills?

# data[].attributes.body
Aquatic mammals are special mammals! However, like all other mammals, they breathe through lungs, not gills. They can hold their breath for extremely long underwater. This will help to explain why they can hold their breath for so long: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGhim3Gch2Q

This will explain the evolution of whales and dolphins and the characteristics that help them hold their breath:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X17kOUnCjUQ

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How do whales and dolphins breath | Prof TRACEY ROGERS

# data[].attributes.headline
Am 5U2022: I wonder what is the difference between respiration and breathing?

# data[].attributes.subject
Am 5U2022: I wonder what is the difference between respiration and breathing?

# data[].attributes.body
Breathing is taking in and giving out of AIR. The proper term for breathing in is "inhale" and breathing out is "exhale". Breathing is the process where we breathe in and out, inhale and exhale, take in and give out air. This occurs in our nose, and sometimes our mouths when we breathe through our mouth.

Respiration is a CHEMICAL process which occurs when oxygen and fully digested food change to form carbon dioxide, water and energy. We can observe the increased amount of carbon dioxide and water in the air we breathe out (remember the limewater and mirror experiments).

To put it simply, RESPIRATION is the process where OXYGEN is TAKEN IN and CARBON DIOXIDE is GIVEN OUT (gaseous exchange). This happens in all our parts of our body, where the energy that we need to survive is produced.

BREATHING is the process where AIR is TAKEN IN (inhaled) and GIVEN OUT (exhaled). This happens in our nose, and sometimes our mouth.

You can check this out for a more detailed explanation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k9BWCnnXOG8

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Introduction to Respiration and Breathing | Don't Memorise

# data[].attributes.headline
Am 5U2022: I wonder how does the water flow upwards to reach the leaves of the plant without being pulled down by gravity?

# data[].attributes.subject
Am 5U2022: I wonder how does the water flow upwards to reach the leaves of the plant without being pulled down by gravity?

# data[].attributes.body
There is a force that drives water to be absorbed by roots and up to all parts of the plant. This 'suction' force is created by something called Transpiration Pull.

Water is lost as Water Vapour through the tiny openings in the leaves (stomata) of the plant. This is known as Transpiration. Since there is less water in the leaves due to Transpiration, more water must move up to replace this loss. Hence, a 'suction' or 'pull' force will move the water up the plant.

Watch this video to see how this happens: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5jJLfwTkGe8

# data[].attributes.headline
Am 5U2022: What is sap? And where can sap be found?

# data[].attributes.subject
Am 5U2022: What is sap? And where can sap be found?

# data[].attributes.body
Sap is something like the blood in the human transport system. There are 2 types of sap, phloem sap (found in the phloem/food carrying tubes) and xylem sap (found in the xylem/water carrying tubes).

Phloem sap has food (sugars) and other substances, while Xylem sap has water, mineral salts and other substances.

This is why many animals (insects, birds, mammals etc) feed on plant sap, as there is a healthy dose of food and mineral salts that can be found there.

# data[].attributes.headline
Rk 5U2022: I wonder if nitro used in cars for boosts is the gas nitrogen but cooled from gas to liquid state?

# data[].attributes.subject
Rk 5U2022: I wonder if nitro used in cars for boosts is the gas nitrogen but cooled from gas to liquid state?

# data[].attributes.body
The 'nitro boost' in cars is caused by a chemical called Nitrous Oxide (has Nitrogen and Oxygen).

In normal air, Nitrous Oxide is a gas. Tanks store Nitrous Oxide in its liquid state at high pressures.

In an engine, the Nitrous Oxide can provide extra Oxygen for the burning of fuel when it breaks down into Nitrogen and Oxygen.

With the extra Oxygen, more fuel will be burnt and it will generate a lot more energy for the 'nitro boost'.

Check out this short animation to get a better idea: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVSmFx1HpGo

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
NOS N2O Nitrous Oxide How Does It Work Make Horsepower Juice Gas Spray Tutorial Overview

# data[].attributes.headline
Zy 5U2022: I wonder what are blood clots?

# data[].attributes.subject
Zy 5U2022: I wonder what are blood clots?

# data[].attributes.body
Blood clotting is useful to us. When a blood vessel is broken, one substance in our blood called platelets helps our blood to clot to stop the bleeding and buys time for the blood vessel to 'heal' and repair itself.

Check this video out to understand more about blood clotting: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gExUCrpAKyQ

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Platelets & Blood Clotting | Biology | FuseSchool

# data[].attributes.headline
Zy 5U2022: I wonder if there is an animal which does not need a respiratory system?

# data[].attributes.subject
Zy 5U2022: I wonder if there is an animal which does not need a respiratory system?

# data[].attributes.body
For some animals like the earthworm, they take in and give out carbon dioxide through their moist skin. Hence, they do not need any respiratory organs nor respiratory system for gaseous exchange.

# data[].attributes.headline
Am 5U2022: I wonder how carbon dioxide is made?

# data[].attributes.subject
Am 5U2022: I wonder how carbon dioxide is made?

# data[].attributes.body
Carbon Dioxide is made when things with carbon in them are 'burnt'. Burning uses oxygen, so basically carbon and oxygen are combined to form carbon dioxide.

Burning petrol and other fuels are one example of producing carbon dioxide. Our body's respiration is actually 'burning' food inside our body. The food we eat has Carbon (from plants and animals) and we use Oxygen to 'burn' our food to release energy, carbon dioxide and water.

# data[].attributes.headline
An 5U2022: Do the rules of gravity apply to air?

# data[].attributes.subject
An 5U2022: Do the rules of gravity apply to air?

# data[].attributes.body
Gravity is the attraction that matter can experience with other matter.

Earth is matter, and it has an extremely large mass compared to other things on Earth. Hence, it will attract other things on earth, and this is what we call gravity.

Air is also matter, since we know that it has mass (although it is a very small mass) and occupies space (has volume).

Hence, Air experiences a gravitational attraction by Earth.

The reason why we are not crushed by Air being pulled down is 1) Air has a very low mass 2) Our bodies are strong enough to be crushed by air, but we can be crushed by other matter.

Without gravity, all the Air on Earth would float off into space and we would suffocate from a lack of Air. It would be as if we were in space, as there would be no atmosphere.

# data[].attributes.headline
Kd 5U2022: What will happen if there is no oxygen on earth?

# data[].attributes.subject
Kd 5U2022: What will happen if there is no oxygen on earth?

# data[].attributes.body
Without oxygen, we will not be able to produce energy from our food, and we will be lack energy and our body will slowly shut down. This is how suffocation works.

# data[].attributes.headline
Zy 5U2022: I wonder why is that Oxygen is called oxygen and carbon dioxide is called carbon dioxide? Why can’t it be called something else?

# data[].attributes.subject
Zy 5U2022: I wonder why is that Oxygen is called oxygen and carbon dioxide is called carbon dioxide? Why can’t it be called something else?

# data[].attributes.body
Oxygen is a molecule made out of 2 Oxygen atoms. That's why it is called O2.

Carbon Dioxide is a molecule made out of 1 Carbon atom and 2 Oxygen atoms. Hence, Carbon + 2 Oxygen (Di means 2, so Dioxide) = Carbon Dioxide.

The Carbon Dioxide we produce is a result of combining Oxygen that we take in and Carbon from the food we eat, to produce Carbon Dioxide as one of the products.